US4393007A - Process for the manufacture of anthraquinone compounds - Google Patents
Process for the manufacture of anthraquinone compounds Download PDFInfo
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- US4393007A US4393007A US06/115,815 US11581580A US4393007A US 4393007 A US4393007 A US 4393007A US 11581580 A US11581580 A US 11581580A US 4393007 A US4393007 A US 4393007A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B1/00—Dyes with anthracene nucleus not condensed with any other ring
- C09B1/50—Amino-hydroxy-anthraquinones; Ethers and esters thereof
- C09B1/54—Amino-hydroxy-anthraquinones; Ethers and esters thereof etherified
- C09B1/545—Anthraquinones with aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or araliphatic ether groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B1/00—Dyes with anthracene nucleus not condensed with any other ring
- C09B1/16—Amino-anthraquinones
- C09B1/20—Preparation from starting materials already containing the anthracene nucleus
- C09B1/207—Dyes with amino groups and with onium groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B1/00—Dyes with anthracene nucleus not condensed with any other ring
- C09B1/16—Amino-anthraquinones
- C09B1/20—Preparation from starting materials already containing the anthracene nucleus
- C09B1/26—Dyes with amino groups substituted by hydrocarbon radicals
- C09B1/28—Dyes with amino groups substituted by hydrocarbon radicals substituted by alkyl, aralkyl or cyclo alkyl groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B1/00—Dyes with anthracene nucleus not condensed with any other ring
- C09B1/16—Amino-anthraquinones
- C09B1/20—Preparation from starting materials already containing the anthracene nucleus
- C09B1/26—Dyes with amino groups substituted by hydrocarbon radicals
- C09B1/32—Dyes with amino groups substituted by hydrocarbon radicals substituted by aryl groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B1/00—Dyes with anthracene nucleus not condensed with any other ring
- C09B1/50—Amino-hydroxy-anthraquinones; Ethers and esters thereof
- C09B1/51—N-substituted amino-hydroxy anthraquinone
Definitions
- the diaminoanthraquinones obtained by the above reactions can finally be quaternised using different known quaternising agents.
- the invention provides a process for the manufacture of anthraquinone compounds of the formula I ##STR3## wherein each of R 1 and R 2 independently represents hydrogen, alkyl or cycloalkyl,
- R 3 represents hydrogen or alkyl
- R 4 represents alkylene or cycloalkylene
- R 5 and R 6 represent alkyl, aryl or alkylaryl
- R 7 represents alkyl, aralkyl, aryl or cycloalkyl
- An represents an anion
- halogen is meant in this context fluorine, chlorine, and preferably, bromine.
- alkyl comprises in particular low molecular radicals, i.e. alkyl radicals of 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Cycloalkyl denotes in particular cyclohexyl.
- the bridge member ##STR7## is derived from an aliphatic diamine.
- R 4 can be a straight chain or branched alkylene radical, in particular an alkylene radical of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, for example ethylene, propylene, butylene, hexylene or cyclohexylene.
- R 4 is the ethylene or propylene radical.
- amines of the formula ##STR8## methylamine, dimethylamine, ethylamine, isopropylamine, isobutylamine, cyclohexylamine.
- Preferred amines are methylamine, ethylamine, isopropylamine or cyclohexylamine.
- the amine HN--R 3 R 7 is derived from an aliphatic or aromatic amine. Accordingly, R 7 can be for example an unsubstituted or substituted naphthalene, benzyl or phenyl radical.
- amines of the formula HN--R 3 R 7 Particular mention may be made of the following compounds as amines of the formula HN--R 3 R 7 : methylamine, dimethylamine, ethylamine, diethylamine, propylamine, isopropylamine, butylamine, isobutylamine, isoamylamine, methylethylamine, aniline, methylaniline methoxyaniline, hydroxyaniline, diphenylamine, benzylamine, methylbenzylamine, phenylethylamine or cyclohexylamine.
- Preferred amines of the formula HN--R 3 R 7 are: methylamine, dimethylamine, diethylamine, propylamine, isopropylamine, benzylamine, benzylmethylamine, cyclohexylamine, aniline, methylaniline and methoxyaniline.
- Preferred diamines are dimethylaminopropylenamine, dimethylaminoethylenamine, benzylmethylaminoethylamine and benzylmethylaminopropylenamine.
- the preferred halogenating agent in reaction step C is in particular bromine.
- alkylating (quaternising) agents are: esters of strong mineral acids, in particular low molecular sulphuric acid esters, or of organic sulphonic acids, or alkyl halides, for example methyl chloride, methyl bromide or methyl iodide, aralkyl halides, for example benzyl chloride, esters of low molecular alkanesulphonic acids (i.e.
- esters of methane-, ethane- or butanesulphonic acid for example methyl esters of methane-, ethane- or butanesulphonic acid, and esters of benzenesulphonic acids, such as the methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl ester of benzenesulphonic acid, of 2- or 4-methylbenzenesulphonic acid, 4-chlorobenzenesulphonic acid or 3- or 4-nitrobenzenesulphonic acid, in particular, however, diethyl sulphate and dimethyl sulphate.
- anthraquinone compound of the formula I is in the form of the corresponding salt.
- Aprotic and protic solvents or mixtures thereof are used as reaction medium for the reaction of the present invention.
- Preferred aprotic solvents are chlorinated hydrocarbons, toluene, xylenes, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzenes, trichlorobenzene, nitrobenzene, sulpholane, ethylene glycol methyl or ethyl ether and pyridine.
- Preferred protic solvents are the lower aliphatic alcohols.
- the reaction temperature of the reaction which is carried out in a single operation is between 20° and 150° C.
- the process is carried out without applying pressure.
- Simple apparatus which is conventionally employed for such reactions, but which must be corrosion-proof, should suffice for carrying out the process.
- An amine is introduced at 80° to 150° C., preferably at 90° to 120° C., into a suspension of ⁇ -nitro-anthraquinone in a preferably aprotic solvent, for example dichlorobenzene, and the reaction mixture is stirred for 5 to 8 hours at this temperature.
- the reaction mixture is then diluted with a protic solvent, for example methanol, and, while stirring for 2 to 4 hours at -20° to +70° C., preferably at 20° to 40° C., bromine, which can be dissolved in a protic solvent, is introduced.
- a protic solvent for example methanol
- the diamine to be exchanged for halogen is introduced over the course of 3 to 6 hours at 60° to 100° C., using as catalyst one of the known heavy metal salts, preferably a copper salt or metallic copper.
- the protic solvent can be removed by distillation and the product which is dissolved in the aprotic solvent can be quaternised by known methods. Temperatures between 20° and 120° C., preferably between 30° and 100° C., and reaction times of a few minutes to 24 hours, preferably 3 to 8 hours, are suitable for this quaternisation reaction. The reaction time is always dependent on the quaternising reagents and the chosen reaction temperatures. The product is subsequently collected by suction filtration, washed and dried.
- the molar ratios of the required reagents to the respective reaction substrate is normally between 1:1 to 1.2:1.
- 1-methylamino-4-(3-trimethylammonio-propylamino)-anthraquinone methosulphate 1-methylamino-4-(3-benzyl-3-dimethylammonio-propylamino)-anthraquinone chloride, 1-methylamino-4-(2-trimethylammonio-ethylamino)-anthraquinone methosulphate, 1-methylamino-4-(3-trimethylammonio-propylamino)-anthraquinone methosulphate, 1-methylamino-4-(3-trimethylammonio-propylamino)-anthraquinone methosulphate, 1-isopropylamino-4-(3-trimethylammonio-propylamino)-anthraquinone methosulphate, 1-isopropylamino-4-(3-trimethylammonio-propylamino)-anthraquinone
- the anion can also be for example in the form of the bromide, tetrafluoroborate (BF 4 .sup. ⁇ ) or trichlorozincate (ZnCl 3 .sup. ⁇ ).
- the process of the present invention has significant ecological advantages. In particular, however, it results in savings of energy, assistants and equipment, since the labour-intensive precipitation, filtration, washing and drying of the intermediates are omitted.
- the compounds of the formula I are useful cationic dyes. It is surprising that the cationic dyes obtained by the novel single operation process are at least identical, if not indeed superior, in quality from the colouristic point of view to the dyes which are prepared by the multi-step processes.
- a very special advantage of the novel process resides in the substantial improvement in the yield of the products obtained.
- the increase in yield in the manufacture of a product from A to E by the novel process is at least 14% compared with the sum of the individual steps of the multi-step process.
- a solution of 49.6 parts of bromine in 40 parts of methanol is added dropwise, with stirring, at 35° C. to a suspension consisting of 72 parts of chlorobenzene, 280 parts of methanol and 59.3 parts of 1-methylamino-anthraquinone.
- the reaction mixture is stirred at constant temperature until bromination is complete. Thereafter 24.8 parts of sodium hydroxide, 26.7 parts of dimethylaminopropylenamine and 1 part of copper carbonate are added and the mixture is boiled for several hours with reflux cooling.
- the methanol is distilled off from the blue solution, the residual concentrated chlorobenzene solution is diluted with 220 parts of chlorobenzene and washed three times with water, then diluted with 900 parts of chlorobenzene. The solution is then distilled free of water and cooled. Then 31.5 parts of dimethyl sulphate are added dropwise at 35° C. and the reaction mixture is stirred for 1 hour. After suction filtration, the filter cake is washed with 600 parts of chlorobenzene and dried, affording 102 parts of crude dye, corresponding to a yield of 88% of theory.
- the dye of the formula ##STR12## which dyes polyacrylonitrile in clear blue shades of good fastness properties is obtained in the same manner by varying the respective reagents.
- a solution of 49.6 parts of bromine in 40 parts of methanol is added dropwise with stirring at 35° C. to a suspension consisting of 72 parts of chlorobenzene, 280 parts of methanol and 59.3 parts of 1-methylamino-anthraquinone.
- the reaction mixture is stirred at constant temperature until complete bromination has taken place.
- 24.8 parts of sodium hydroxide, 13.4 parts of dimethylamine and 1 part of copper carbonate are added and the mixture is boiled for several hours with reflux cooling.
- the methanol is distilled off from the blue reaction solution and the residual concentrated chlorobenzene solution is diluted with 220 parts of chlorobenzene and washed three times with water, then diluted with 900 parts of chlorobenzene.
- the solution is distilled free of water and cooled. After suction filtration, washing with 600 parts of chlorobenzene and drying, 105 parts of crude dye are obtained, corresponding to a yield of 91% of theory.
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Abstract
A process for the manufacture of 1,4-diamino anthraquinone or quaternized -1,4-diamino-anthraquinone; and by reacting α-nitro-anthraquinone with an amine of the formula ##STR1## to give 1-aminoanthraquinone (B), halogenating, preferably brominating, the compound (B) to give 1-amino-4-halogeno- or 1-amino-2,4-dihalogeno-anthraquinone (C), condensing the compound (C) with a diamine of the formula ##STR2## or with an amine of the formula HN--R3 R7 to give 1,4-diamino-anthraquinone (D) and optionally subsequently quaternizing the compound (D) to give a quaternized anthraquinone compound which process comprises carrying out the reaction from A to E or A to D in one single operation without isolation of the intermediates.
Description
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 946,281 filed on Sept. 25, 1978, now abandoned which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 812,284 filed July 1, 1977, now abandoned.
From Japanese patent specification No. 112,592 and Belgian patent specification No. 833,605 it is known to react α-nitroanthraquinones by reaction with amines in inert organic solvents to give α-amino-anthraquinones.
The reaction of α-amino-anthraquinones with elementary bromine in solvent mixtures to give 1-amino-4-bromo-anthraquinones is known from British patent specification 1,239,778.
By means of processes which are commonly known in the art it is possible to replace a halogen atom, in particular a bromine atom, in the anthraquinone nucleus by an amino group. The amination generally takes place in an organic solvent in the presence of an acid acceptor and a metal catalyst.
The diaminoanthraquinones obtained by the above reactions can finally be quaternised using different known quaternising agents.
The reaction scheme of FIG. 1 will serve to demonstrate the course of the individual reaction steps, wherein R, R1 represent alkyl groups R2 an alkylene group and An represents an anion.
It has now been found that these reactions can be carried out in one single operation from C to E, B to E, A to E, and in particular from A to D, without isolation of the intermediates, which means a significant saving in apparatus and time.
Accordingly, the invention provides a process for the manufacture of anthraquinone compounds of the formula I ##STR3## wherein each of R1 and R2 independently represents hydrogen, alkyl or cycloalkyl,
R3 represents hydrogen or alkyl,
R4 represents alkylene or cycloalkylene,
R5 and R6 represent alkyl, aryl or alkylaryl,
R7 represents alkyl, aralkyl, aryl or cycloalkyl, and
An represents an anion,
by reacting an α-nitro-anthraquinone of the formula II ##STR4## with an amine of the formula ##STR5## to give 1-aminoanthraquinone (B), halogenating, preferably brominating, the compound (B) to give 1-amino-4-halogeno- or 1-amino-2,4-dihalogeno-anthraquinone (C), condensing the compound (C) with a diamine of the formula ##STR6## or with an amine of the formula HN--R3 R7, to give 1,4-diaminoanthraquinone (D) and subsequently optionally quaternising the compound (D) to give an anthraquinone compound of the formula I, which process comprises carrying out the reaction from A to E or A to D in one single operation without isolation of the intermediates.
By the term "halogen" is meant in this context fluorine, chlorine, and preferably, bromine. The term "alkyl" comprises in particular low molecular radicals, i.e. alkyl radicals of 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Cycloalkyl denotes in particular cyclohexyl.
The bridge member ##STR7## is derived from an aliphatic diamine.
Accordingly, R4 can be a straight chain or branched alkylene radical, in particular an alkylene radical of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, for example ethylene, propylene, butylene, hexylene or cyclohexylene. Preferably R4 is the ethylene or propylene radical.
The following compounds may be mentioned in particular as amines of the formula ##STR8## methylamine, dimethylamine, ethylamine, isopropylamine, isobutylamine, cyclohexylamine. Preferred amines are methylamine, ethylamine, isopropylamine or cyclohexylamine.
The amine HN--R3 R7 is derived from an aliphatic or aromatic amine. Accordingly, R7 can be for example an unsubstituted or substituted naphthalene, benzyl or phenyl radical.
Particular mention may be made of the following compounds as amines of the formula HN--R3 R7 : methylamine, dimethylamine, ethylamine, diethylamine, propylamine, isopropylamine, butylamine, isobutylamine, isoamylamine, methylethylamine, aniline, methylaniline methoxyaniline, hydroxyaniline, diphenylamine, benzylamine, methylbenzylamine, phenylethylamine or cyclohexylamine.
Preferred amines of the formula HN--R3 R7 are: methylamine, dimethylamine, diethylamine, propylamine, isopropylamine, benzylamine, benzylmethylamine, cyclohexylamine, aniline, methylaniline and methoxyaniline.
The following compounds may be mentioned in particular as diamines of the formula ##STR9## dimethylaminopropylamine, benzylmethylaminopropylenamine, dimethylaminoethylenamine, diethylaminoethylenamine, benzylmethylaminoethylenamine, phenylmethylaminopropylenamine, phenylethylaminopropylenamine, phenylpropylaminopropylenamine, phenylmethylaminoethylenamine, phenylethylaminoethylenamine and phenylpropylaminoethylenamine.
Preferred diamines are dimethylaminopropylenamine, dimethylaminoethylenamine, benzylmethylaminoethylamine and benzylmethylaminopropylenamine.
The preferred halogenating agent in reaction step C is in particular bromine.
Examples of alkylating (quaternising) agents are: esters of strong mineral acids, in particular low molecular sulphuric acid esters, or of organic sulphonic acids, or alkyl halides, for example methyl chloride, methyl bromide or methyl iodide, aralkyl halides, for example benzyl chloride, esters of low molecular alkanesulphonic acids (i.e. containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms), for example methyl esters of methane-, ethane- or butanesulphonic acid, and esters of benzenesulphonic acids, such as the methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl ester of benzenesulphonic acid, of 2- or 4-methylbenzenesulphonic acid, 4-chlorobenzenesulphonic acid or 3- or 4-nitrobenzenesulphonic acid, in particular, however, diethyl sulphate and dimethyl sulphate.
Depending on the quaternising agent used, the anthraquinone compound of the formula I is in the form of the corresponding salt.
Aprotic and protic solvents or mixtures thereof are used as reaction medium for the reaction of the present invention.
Preferred aprotic solvents are chlorinated hydrocarbons, toluene, xylenes, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzenes, trichlorobenzene, nitrobenzene, sulpholane, ethylene glycol methyl or ethyl ether and pyridine.
Preferred protic solvents are the lower aliphatic alcohols.
The reaction temperature of the reaction which is carried out in a single operation is between 20° and 150° C. The process is carried out without applying pressure. Simple apparatus which is conventionally employed for such reactions, but which must be corrosion-proof, should suffice for carrying out the process.
In detail, the single operation process of the invention can be carried out as follows:
An amine is introduced at 80° to 150° C., preferably at 90° to 120° C., into a suspension of α-nitro-anthraquinone in a preferably aprotic solvent, for example dichlorobenzene, and the reaction mixture is stirred for 5 to 8 hours at this temperature. The reaction mixture is then diluted with a protic solvent, for example methanol, and, while stirring for 2 to 4 hours at -20° to +70° C., preferably at 20° to 40° C., bromine, which can be dissolved in a protic solvent, is introduced. After neutralisation of the hydrogen bromide which is present in the batch and has formed during the halogenation, for example with a buffer or an inorganic or organic base, the diamine to be exchanged for halogen is introduced over the course of 3 to 6 hours at 60° to 100° C., using as catalyst one of the known heavy metal salts, preferably a copper salt or metallic copper.
When the reaction is complete, the protic solvent can be removed by distillation and the product which is dissolved in the aprotic solvent can be quaternised by known methods. Temperatures between 20° and 120° C., preferably between 30° and 100° C., and reaction times of a few minutes to 24 hours, preferably 3 to 8 hours, are suitable for this quaternisation reaction. The reaction time is always dependent on the quaternising reagents and the chosen reaction temperatures. The product is subsequently collected by suction filtration, washed and dried.
The molar ratios of the required reagents to the respective reaction substrate is normally between 1:1 to 1.2:1.
No problems of a technical nature or which affect the products occur in the novel process of the invention, regardless of whether the starting materials are anthraquinone compounds of the formula A or the intermediates B and C.
As examples of products which can be obtained by the novel process there may be mentioned: 1-methylamino-4-(3-trimethylammonio-propylamino)-anthraquinone methosulphate, 1-methylamino-4-(3-benzyl-3-dimethylammonio-propylamino)-anthraquinone chloride, 1-methylamino-4-(2-trimethylammonio-ethylamino)-anthraquinone methosulphate, 1-methylamino-4-(3-trimethylammonio-propylamino)-anthraquinone methosulphate, 1-methylamino-4-(3-trimethylammonio-propylamino)-anthraquinone methosulphate, 1-isopropylamino-4-(3-trimethylammonio-propylamino)-anthraquinone methosulphate, 1-isopropylamino-4-(3-benzyl-3-dimethylammonio-propylamino)-anthraquinone chloride, 1-isopropylamino-4-(2-trimethylammonio-ethylamino)-anthraquinone methosulphate, 1-isopropylamino-4-(2-benzyl-2-dimethylammonio-ethylamino)-anthraquinone chloride and 1-cyclohexylamino-4-(3-trimethylammonio-propylamino)-anthraquinone methosulphate. Depending on the quaternising reagents used, the anion can also be for example in the form of the bromide, tetrafluoroborate (BF4.sup.⊖) or trichlorozincate (ZnCl3.sup.⊖).
Compared with the known processes for the manufacture of compounds of the formula I, which proceed in a number of separate operations, the process of the present invention has significant ecological advantages. In particular, however, it results in savings of energy, assistants and equipment, since the labour-intensive precipitation, filtration, washing and drying of the intermediates are omitted.
The compounds of the formula I are useful cationic dyes. It is surprising that the cationic dyes obtained by the novel single operation process are at least identical, if not indeed superior, in quality from the colouristic point of view to the dyes which are prepared by the multi-step processes.
A very special advantage of the novel process resides in the substantial improvement in the yield of the products obtained. Thus, for example, the increase in yield in the manufacture of a product from A to E by the novel process is at least 14% compared with the sum of the individual steps of the multi-step process.
The invention is illustrated by the following Examples, in which the parts and percentages are by weight.
With stirring, 215 parts of o-dichlorobenzene and 64 parts of 1-nitroanthraquinone are heated to 120° C. At constant temperature, 50 parts of methylamine are blown uniformly into the suspension over the course of 6 hours. Then 40 parts of solvent are distilled off from the dark red solution in vacuo. The batch is diluted with 400 parts of methanol with intensive stirring and a solution of 49.4 parts of bromine and 35 parts of methanol are added dropwise at 30° to 35° C. The reaction mixture is stirred for 2 hours at the same temperature and then 24.8 parts of sodium hydroxide are added by small amounts.
To the red suspension are added 26.7 parts of dimethylaminopropylenamine and 1 part of copper acetate and the batch is refluxed for 6 hours. The methanol is distilled off and the residual concentrated solution is washed three times with water and then diluted with 975 parts of o-dichlorobenzene. The solution is then distilled free of water and cooled.
After cooling, 31.5 parts of dimethyl sulphate are added dropwise and the reaction mixture is stirred for 2 hours. After suction filtration, the filter cake is washed with o-dichlorobenzene and dried, affording 100 parts of crude dye, corresponding to a yield of 86.5% of theory.
79 parts of 1-bromo-4-methylamino-anthraquinone, 280 parts of methanol, 72 parts of chlorobenzene, 10 parts of sodium hydroxide, 1 part of copper acetate and 26.7 parts of dimethylaminopropylenamine are mixed and heated, with reflux cooling, until no more starting material can be detected. The methanol is distilled off from the blue reaction solution and the residual concentrated chlorobenzene solution is diluted with 220 parts of chlorobenzene and washed three times with water, then diluted with 900 parts of chlorobenzene. The solution is distilled free of water and cooled. Then 31.5 parts of dimethyl sulphate are added dropwise at 35° C. and the reaction mixture is stirred for 1 hour. After suction filtration, the filter cake is washed with 600 parts of chlorobenzene and dried, affording 102 g of crude dye, corresponding to a yield of 88% of theory.
A solution of 49.6 parts of bromine in 40 parts of methanol is added dropwise, with stirring, at 35° C. to a suspension consisting of 72 parts of chlorobenzene, 280 parts of methanol and 59.3 parts of 1-methylamino-anthraquinone. The reaction mixture is stirred at constant temperature until bromination is complete. Thereafter 24.8 parts of sodium hydroxide, 26.7 parts of dimethylaminopropylenamine and 1 part of copper carbonate are added and the mixture is boiled for several hours with reflux cooling. The methanol is distilled off from the blue solution, the residual concentrated chlorobenzene solution is diluted with 220 parts of chlorobenzene and washed three times with water, then diluted with 900 parts of chlorobenzene. The solution is then distilled free of water and cooled. Then 31.5 parts of dimethyl sulphate are added dropwise at 35° C. and the reaction mixture is stirred for 1 hour. After suction filtration, the filter cake is washed with 600 parts of chlorobenzene and dried, affording 102 parts of crude dye, corresponding to a yield of 88% of theory.
33.1 parts of isopropylamino-anthraquinone in 125 parts of methanol are treated at room temperature with a solution of 22 parts of bromine in 25 parts of methanol. The mixture is subsequently stirred for 1 hour at 65° C. With external cooling, 11 parts of sodium hydroxide are added at a max. temperature of 30° C., followed by the addition of 13.4 parts of dimethylaminopropylenamine and 0.5 part of copper acetate. Then 150 parts of chlorobenzene are added to the mixture and thereafter 150 parts of methanol are distilled off. After cooling, 400 parts of water are added and the batch is stirred for half an hour at room temperature. After separation of the layers, the water phase is separated. To the organic phase are again added 400 parts of water as well as 2 parts of tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetracetate. Both phases are well stirred again for half an hour and then separated. The organic phase is washed a third time with 400 parts of water and, after washing with 400 parts of chlorobenzene, distilled free of water. The volume of the solution is adjusted to 250 ml with anhydrous chlorobenzene. The mixture is treated at 100° C. with 17.4 parts of benzyl chloride and stirred for 6 hours. After cooling to approx. 40° C., the reaction mixture is filtered. After washing with warm chlorobenzene, the residue is dried in vacuo, affording 54 parts of a dye of the formula ##STR10## which dyes polyacrylonitrile in clear blue shades of good fastness properties.
If quaternisation is carried out at 70° C. instead of at 100° C., the reaction lasts 10 hours. The yield and quality of the product remain unchanged. Quaternisation with 16.5 parts of dimethyl sulphate instead of with benzyl chloride at 35° C. for 11/2 hours yields in analogous manner 55 parts of the dye of the formula ##STR11## which gives a clear blue dyeing of good fastness properties on polyacrylonitrile.
The dye of the formula ##STR12## which dyes polyacrylonitrile in clear blue shades of good fastness properties is obtained in the same manner by varying the respective reagents.
By repeating the procedure of Example 1 and using instead of the reagents mentioned therein those which correspond to the substituents of the following table, there are obtained products of the formula I with the substituents listed in Table 1 and which dye polyacrylonitrile by conventional dyeing methods in blue shades.
TABLE 1 ______________________________________ ##STR13## R.sub.1 R.sub.2 R.sub.3 ##STR14## ______________________________________ H CH.sub.3 H ##STR15## H CH.sub.3 H ##STR16## ##STR17## H ##STR18## H ##STR19## H ##STR20## H CH.sub.3 H ##STR21## ______________________________________ X.sup.⊖ can be: Cl.sup.⊖.Br.sup.⊖.BP.sub.4.sup.⊖.CH.sub.3 OSO.sub.3.sup.⊖.ZnCl.sub.3.sup.⊖-
With stirring, 215 parts of o-dichlorobenzene and 64 parts of 1-nitro-anthraquinone are heated to 120° C. At constant temperature, 50 parts of methylamine are introduced uniformly into the suspension over the course of 6 hours. 40 parts of solvent are distilled off in vacuo from the dark red solution, which is then diluted with 400 parts of methanol while stirring vigorously. A solution of 49.4 parts of bromine and 35 parts of methanol is added dropwise at 30° C. to 35° C., stirring is continued for 2 hours at the same temperature and then 24.8 parts of sodium hydroxide are added in portions.
To the red suspension are added 17.7 parts of propylamine and 1 part of copper acetate and the batch is refluxed for 6 hours. The methanol is then distilled off, the residual concentrated solution washed three times with water, then diluted with 975 parts of o-dichlorobenzene, and the solution is distilled free of water and cooled.
After suction filtration, washing with o-dichlorobenzene and drying, 103 parts of crude dye are obtained, corresponding to a yield of 89% of theory.
A solution of 49.6 parts of bromine in 40 parts of methanol is added dropwise with stirring at 35° C. to a suspension consisting of 72 parts of chlorobenzene, 280 parts of methanol and 59.3 parts of 1-methylamino-anthraquinone. The reaction mixture is stirred at constant temperature until complete bromination has taken place. Then 24.8 parts of sodium hydroxide, 13.4 parts of dimethylamine and 1 part of copper carbonate are added and the mixture is boiled for several hours with reflux cooling. The methanol is distilled off from the blue reaction solution and the residual concentrated chlorobenzene solution is diluted with 220 parts of chlorobenzene and washed three times with water, then diluted with 900 parts of chlorobenzene. The solution is distilled free of water and cooled. After suction filtration, washing with 600 parts of chlorobenzene and drying, 105 parts of crude dye are obtained, corresponding to a yield of 91% of theory.
33.1 parts of isopropylamino-anthraquinone in 125 parts of methanol are treated at room temperature with a solution of 22 parts of bromine in 25 parts of methanol. The mixture is thereafter stirred for 1 hour at 65° C. With external cooling, 11 parts of sodium hydroxide are added at a max. temperature of 30° C., followed by the addition of 14.4 parts of benzylamine and 0.5 part of copper acetate. The reaction is complete after stirring for 11/2 hours at 68° C. 150 parts of chlorobenzene are added to the mixture and subsequently 150 parts of methanol are distilled off.
The concentrated chlorobenzene solution is cooled to approx. 40° C. and filtered. After washing with warm chlorobenzene, the residue is dried in vacuo, giving 60 parts of a dye of the formula ##STR22## By repeating the procedure of Example 1 and using instead of the reagents mentioned therein those which correspond to the substituents of the following table, there are obtained products of the formula I with the substituents listed in Table 2 and which dye polyester by conventional dyeing methods in blue shades.
TABLE 2 __________________________________________________________________________ ##STR23## Hr. R.sub.1 R.sub.2 R.sub.5 R.sub.7 __________________________________________________________________________ 1 H CH.sub.3 H CH.sub.3 2 H CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3 3 H CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 H ##STR24## 4 H CH.sub.3 H ##STR25## 5 H CH.sub.3 H ##STR26## 6 H CH.sub.3 H ##STR27## 7 H CH.sub.3 H ##STR28## 8 H CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3 H ##STR29## 9 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 10 H CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 H ##STR30## 11 H CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 H CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3 12 H CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3 13 H ##STR31## CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 14 H CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 H ##STR32## __________________________________________________________________________
Claims (13)
1. A process for the manufacture of quaternized anthraquinone or anthraquinone of the formula I ##STR33## wherein each of R1 and R2 independently represents hydrogen, alkyl or cycloalkyl, R3 represents hydrogen or alkyl, R4 represents alkylene or cycloalkylene, R5 and R6 represents alkyl, aryl or aralkyl, R7 represents alkyl, aralkyl, aryl or cycloalkyl, and An represents an anion which comprises the steps of, (1) reacting in an aprotic solvent at temperatures of 80° to 150° C., an α-nitro-anthraquinone (A) of the formula II ##STR34## with an amine of the formula ##STR35## to give 1-amino-anthraquinone (B), wherein R1 and R2 have the meaning given above, (2) halogenating said compound (B) by diluting the reaction mixture with a protic solvent and introducing a bromine/methanol mixture at -20° to +70° C. to give 1-amino-4-bromo-anthraquinone (C), (3) condensing said compound (C) after neutralization with a diamine of the formula ##STR36## or with an amine of the formula HN-R3 R7 at 60° to 100° C. in presence of a heavy metal salt to give 1,4-diamino-anthraquinone (D), wherein R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 have the meaning given above, and (4) optionally subsequently quaternizing said compound (D) to give the corresponding quaternized anthraquinone, and carrying out the reaction steps (1) to (4) or (1) to (3) in one single operation without isolation of the intermediates (B), (C) and (D) or (B) and (C).
2. A process according to claim 1 wherein the amine of the formula ##STR37## is methylamine, dimethylamine, ethylamine, isopropylamine, isobutylamine or cyclohexylamine.
3. A process according to claim 1 wherein the diamine of the formula ##STR38## is a dimethylaminopropylenamine, benzylmethylaminopropylenamine, dimethylaminoethylenamine, diethylaminoethylenamine, benzylmethylaminoethylenamine, phenylmethylaminopropylenamine, phenylethylaminopropylenamine, phenylpropylaminopropylenamine, phenylmethylaminoethylenamine, phenylethylaminoethylenamine and phenylpropylaminoethylenamine.
4. A process according to claim 1 wherein the amine of the formula ##STR39## is methylamine, ethylamine, isopropylamine or cyclohexylamine and the diamine of the formula ##STR40## is dimethylaminopropylenamine, dimethylaminoethylenamine, benzylmethylaminoethylenamine or benzylmethylaminopropylenamine.
5. A process according to claim 1 wherein the amine of the formula ##STR41## is methylamine and the diamine of the formula ##STR42## is dimethylaminopropylenamine.
6. A process according to claim 1 wherein the amine of the formula
HN--R.sub.3 R.sub.7
is methylamine, dimethylamine, ethylamine, diethylamine, propylamine, isopropylamine, butylamine, isobutylamine, isoamylamine, methylethylamine, aniline, methylaniline, methoxyaniline, hydroxyaniline, diphenylamine, benzylamine, methylbenzylamine, phenethylamine or cyclohexylamine.
7. A process according to claim 1 wherein the amine of the formula
HN--R.sub.1 R.sub.2
is methylamine, ethylamine, isopropylamine or cyclohexylamine, and the amine of the formula
HN--R.sub.3 R.sub.7
is methylamine, dimethylamine, diethylamine, propylamine, isopropylamine, benzylamine, benzylmethylamine, cyclohexylamine, aniline, methylaniline and methoxyaniline.
8. A process according to claim 1 wherein the amine of the formula
HN--R.sub.1 R.sub.2
is methylamine or isopropylamine, and the amine of the formula
HN--R.sub.3 R.sub.7
is dimethylamine, isopropylamine or methylaniline.
9. A process according to claim 1 wherein the quaternising agent is benzylchloride or dimethyl or diethyl sulphate.
10. A process according to claim 1 wherein the aprotic solvent is a chlorinated hydrocarbon toluene, a xylene, chlorobenzene, a dichlorobenzene, and the protic solvent is a lower aliphatic alcohol.
11. The process of claim 10, wherein the alcohol is methanol.
12. A process according to claim 1 wherein the single operation reaction is carried out in a temperature range between 20° and 150° C.
13. A process according to claim 1 wherein the amine of the formula ##STR43## is isopropylamine and the diamine of the formula ##STR44## is dimethylaminopropylenamine.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH870176A CH594023A5 (en) | 1976-07-07 | 1976-07-07 | |
CH8701/76 | 1976-07-07 | ||
CH8702/76 | 1976-07-07 | ||
CH870276A CH629836A5 (en) | 1976-07-07 | 1976-07-07 | Process for preparing anthraquinone compounds |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US05946281 Continuation | 1978-09-25 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US06425593 Division | 1983-09-23 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US4393007A true US4393007A (en) | 1983-07-12 |
Family
ID=25703667
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US06/115,815 Expired - Lifetime US4393007A (en) | 1976-07-07 | 1980-01-28 | Process for the manufacture of anthraquinone compounds |
US06/652,422 Expired - Fee Related US4655970A (en) | 1976-07-07 | 1984-09-19 | Process for the manufacture of anthraquinone compounds |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US06/652,422 Expired - Fee Related US4655970A (en) | 1976-07-07 | 1984-09-19 | Process for the manufacture of anthraquinone compounds |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US4393007A (en) |
JP (1) | JPS5322528A (en) |
BR (1) | BR7704474A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1102797A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2730342C3 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1582197A (en) |
Cited By (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4655970A (en) * | 1976-07-07 | 1987-04-07 | Ciba-Geigy Ag | Process for the manufacture of anthraquinone compounds |
US4732893A (en) * | 1984-08-03 | 1988-03-22 | Boehringer Biochemia Robin S.P.A. | Amino-anthracenediones-platinum complexes useful as anticancer compounds |
US5199956A (en) * | 1990-09-03 | 1993-04-06 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Process for dyeing hydrophobic textile material with disperse dyes from super-critical carbon dioxide |
US5520707A (en) * | 1995-08-07 | 1996-05-28 | Clairol, Inc. | Methods for dyeing hair with anthraquinone hair dyes having a quaternary ammonium side chain |
US6359052B1 (en) | 1997-07-21 | 2002-03-19 | Jack Wesley Trexler, Jr. | Polyester/platelet particle compositions displaying improved dispersion |
US6384121B1 (en) * | 1998-12-07 | 2002-05-07 | Eastman Chemical Company | Polymeter/clay nanocomposite comprising a functionalized polymer or oligomer and a process for preparing same |
US6486253B1 (en) | 1999-12-01 | 2002-11-26 | University Of South Carolina Research Foundation | Polymer/clay nanocomposite having improved gas barrier comprising a clay material with a mixture of two or more organic cations and a process for preparing same |
US6486254B1 (en) | 1998-12-07 | 2002-11-26 | University Of South Carolina Research Foundation | Colorant composition, a polymer nanocomposite comprising the colorant composition and articles produced therefrom |
US6486252B1 (en) | 1997-12-22 | 2002-11-26 | Eastman Chemical Company | Nanocomposites for high barrier applications |
US6548587B1 (en) | 1998-12-07 | 2003-04-15 | University Of South Carolina Research Foundation | Polyamide composition comprising a layered clay material modified with an alkoxylated onium compound |
US6552114B2 (en) | 1998-12-07 | 2003-04-22 | University Of South Carolina Research Foundation | Process for preparing a high barrier amorphous polyamide-clay nanocomposite |
US6552113B2 (en) | 1999-12-01 | 2003-04-22 | University Of South Carolina Research Foundation | Polymer-clay nanocomposite comprising an amorphous oligomer |
US6586500B2 (en) | 2000-05-30 | 2003-07-01 | University Of South Carolina Research Foundation | Polymer nanocomposite comprising a matrix polymer and a layered clay material having an improved level of extractable material |
US6596803B2 (en) | 2000-05-30 | 2003-07-22 | Amcol International Corporation | Layered clay intercalates and exfoliates having a low quartz content |
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US6653388B1 (en) | 1998-12-07 | 2003-11-25 | University Of South Carolina Research Foundation | Polymer/clay nanocomposite comprising a clay mixture and a process for making same |
US20040063841A1 (en) * | 1998-12-07 | 2004-04-01 | Gilmer John Walker | Process for preparing an exfoliated, high I. V. polymer nanocomposite with an oligomer resin precursor and an article produced therefrom |
US20040127627A1 (en) * | 1998-12-07 | 2004-07-01 | Gilmer John Walker | Polymer/clay nanocomposite comprising a clay treated with a mixture of two or more onium salts and a process for making same |
US6777479B1 (en) | 1999-08-10 | 2004-08-17 | Eastman Chemical Company | Polyamide nanocomposites with oxygen scavenging capability |
US20050159526A1 (en) * | 2004-01-15 | 2005-07-21 | Bernard Linda G. | Polymamide nanocomposites with oxygen scavenging capability |
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DE2906132A1 (en) * | 1979-02-17 | 1980-08-28 | Bayer Ag | METHOD FOR PRODUCING CATIONIC ANTHRACHINONE DYES |
DE3336333A1 (en) * | 1983-10-06 | 1985-04-18 | A. Monforts GmbH & Co, 4050 Mönchengladbach | FLUSH FILTER DEVICE OF A CONVECTION DRYING AND / OR FIXING MACHINE |
FR2786484B1 (en) * | 1998-11-30 | 2001-01-05 | Oreal | CATIONIC AMINOANTHRAQUINONES, THEIR USE FOR DYEING KERATINIC FIBERS, TINCTORIAL COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING THEM AND DYEING METHODS |
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DE2730342C3 (en) * | 1976-07-07 | 1980-12-18 | Ciba-Geigy Ag, Basel (Schweiz) | Process for the preparation of anthraquinone compounds |
DE2906132A1 (en) * | 1979-02-17 | 1980-08-28 | Bayer Ag | METHOD FOR PRODUCING CATIONIC ANTHRACHINONE DYES |
JP3409646B2 (en) * | 1997-06-12 | 2003-05-26 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | Mercury analyzer and method for mercury vapor discharge lamp |
-
1977
- 1977-07-05 DE DE2730342A patent/DE2730342C3/en not_active Expired
- 1977-07-07 GB GB28640/77A patent/GB1582197A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-07-07 CA CA282,284A patent/CA1102797A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-07-07 BR BR7704474A patent/BR7704474A/en unknown
- 1977-07-07 JP JP8049677A patent/JPS5322528A/en active Granted
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1980
- 1980-01-28 US US06/115,815 patent/US4393007A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1984
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Cited By (26)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4655970A (en) * | 1976-07-07 | 1987-04-07 | Ciba-Geigy Ag | Process for the manufacture of anthraquinone compounds |
US4732893A (en) * | 1984-08-03 | 1988-03-22 | Boehringer Biochemia Robin S.P.A. | Amino-anthracenediones-platinum complexes useful as anticancer compounds |
US5199956A (en) * | 1990-09-03 | 1993-04-06 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Process for dyeing hydrophobic textile material with disperse dyes from super-critical carbon dioxide |
US5520707A (en) * | 1995-08-07 | 1996-05-28 | Clairol, Inc. | Methods for dyeing hair with anthraquinone hair dyes having a quaternary ammonium side chain |
US5891200A (en) * | 1995-08-07 | 1999-04-06 | Lim; Mu-Ill | Hair dye compositions containing anthraquinone dyes having a quaternary ammonium side chain and neutral direct dyes |
US6359052B1 (en) | 1997-07-21 | 2002-03-19 | Jack Wesley Trexler, Jr. | Polyester/platelet particle compositions displaying improved dispersion |
US6486252B1 (en) | 1997-12-22 | 2002-11-26 | Eastman Chemical Company | Nanocomposites for high barrier applications |
US6713547B2 (en) | 1997-12-22 | 2004-03-30 | University Of South Carolina Research Foundation | Process for preparing high barrier nanocomposites |
US6384121B1 (en) * | 1998-12-07 | 2002-05-07 | Eastman Chemical Company | Polymeter/clay nanocomposite comprising a functionalized polymer or oligomer and a process for preparing same |
US20040063841A1 (en) * | 1998-12-07 | 2004-04-01 | Gilmer John Walker | Process for preparing an exfoliated, high I. V. polymer nanocomposite with an oligomer resin precursor and an article produced therefrom |
US6548587B1 (en) | 1998-12-07 | 2003-04-15 | University Of South Carolina Research Foundation | Polyamide composition comprising a layered clay material modified with an alkoxylated onium compound |
US6552114B2 (en) | 1998-12-07 | 2003-04-22 | University Of South Carolina Research Foundation | Process for preparing a high barrier amorphous polyamide-clay nanocomposite |
US6486254B1 (en) | 1998-12-07 | 2002-11-26 | University Of South Carolina Research Foundation | Colorant composition, a polymer nanocomposite comprising the colorant composition and articles produced therefrom |
US20040127627A1 (en) * | 1998-12-07 | 2004-07-01 | Gilmer John Walker | Polymer/clay nanocomposite comprising a clay treated with a mixture of two or more onium salts and a process for making same |
US20040082698A1 (en) * | 1998-12-07 | 2004-04-29 | Barbee Robert Boyd | Polymer/clay nanocomposite comprising a clay mixture and a process for making same |
US6653388B1 (en) | 1998-12-07 | 2003-11-25 | University Of South Carolina Research Foundation | Polymer/clay nanocomposite comprising a clay mixture and a process for making same |
US6417262B1 (en) | 1998-12-07 | 2002-07-09 | Eastman Chemical Company | High barrier amorphous polyamide-clay nanocomposite and a process for preparing same |
US6777479B1 (en) | 1999-08-10 | 2004-08-17 | Eastman Chemical Company | Polyamide nanocomposites with oxygen scavenging capability |
US6610772B1 (en) | 1999-08-10 | 2003-08-26 | Eastman Chemical Company | Platelet particle polymer composite with oxygen scavenging organic cations |
US6552113B2 (en) | 1999-12-01 | 2003-04-22 | University Of South Carolina Research Foundation | Polymer-clay nanocomposite comprising an amorphous oligomer |
US6486253B1 (en) | 1999-12-01 | 2002-11-26 | University Of South Carolina Research Foundation | Polymer/clay nanocomposite having improved gas barrier comprising a clay material with a mixture of two or more organic cations and a process for preparing same |
US6596803B2 (en) | 2000-05-30 | 2003-07-22 | Amcol International Corporation | Layered clay intercalates and exfoliates having a low quartz content |
US6737464B1 (en) | 2000-05-30 | 2004-05-18 | University Of South Carolina Research Foundation | Polymer nanocomposite comprising a matrix polymer and a layered clay material having a low quartz content |
US6586500B2 (en) | 2000-05-30 | 2003-07-01 | University Of South Carolina Research Foundation | Polymer nanocomposite comprising a matrix polymer and a layered clay material having an improved level of extractable material |
US6828370B2 (en) | 2000-05-30 | 2004-12-07 | Amcol International Corporation | Intercalates and exfoliates thereof having an improved level of extractable material |
US20050159526A1 (en) * | 2004-01-15 | 2005-07-21 | Bernard Linda G. | Polymamide nanocomposites with oxygen scavenging capability |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS5735722B2 (en) | 1982-07-30 |
JPS5322528A (en) | 1978-03-02 |
GB1582197A (en) | 1980-12-31 |
CA1102797A (en) | 1981-06-09 |
DE2730342C3 (en) | 1980-12-18 |
US4655970A (en) | 1987-04-07 |
DE2730342B2 (en) | 1980-04-24 |
BR7704474A (en) | 1978-03-28 |
DE2730342A1 (en) | 1978-01-12 |
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