US4369062A - Method of making briquettes and product - Google Patents

Method of making briquettes and product Download PDF

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Publication number
US4369062A
US4369062A US06/306,296 US30629681A US4369062A US 4369062 A US4369062 A US 4369062A US 30629681 A US30629681 A US 30629681A US 4369062 A US4369062 A US 4369062A
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fines
pitch
briquette
steel
briquettes
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US06/306,296
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Robert R. Strange
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JCS INDUSTRIES Inc AN OH CORP
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
    • C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
    • C22B1/248—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating of metal scrap or alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/0046—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes making metallised agglomerates or iron oxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
    • C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
    • C22B1/242—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
    • Y02P10/134—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by avoiding CO2, e.g. using hydrogen
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to making briquettes containing iron adapted for use as feed stock constituting part of the charge in steel-making furnaces.
  • the briquettes contain large percentages of reclaimed mill waste and by-products such as mill scale, cast iron and steel borings and turnings, pitch residue and burnt lime fines.
  • the present invention provides for making briquettes from reclaimed materials, without the application of heat in the forming application, which have adequate green strength with high iron content.
  • Another object is to provide a novel briquette for that purpose having improved mechanical properties for handling.
  • a further object is to provide an improved method of making briquettes containing metal and oxide fines, combustible and binder materials, and fluxing materials such as burnt lime fines.
  • a still further object is to provide a novel and improved briquette which causes an exothermic reaction during the steel making process, thus supplying an additional source of energy for the reduction of iron oxide to metal.
  • Still another object is to provide a novel briquette containing reclaimed materials which when used with steel scrap in the furnace charge results in a substantial savings per net ton of iron in the charge.
  • An exemplary formula of preferred reclaimed materials used in the improved briquettes of the present invention is as follows:
  • the metallic fines may include steel and iron grinding dust, steel and iron turnings and iron borings.
  • the sources of grinding dust are (1), baghouse collection of steel abrasive fines resulting from comminution of steel shot and grit during cleaning or etching of ferrous castings and wrought shapes; and (2), residue derived from mechanical grind scarfing and cutting of ingots, billets and blooms.
  • Steel turnings are normally long and stringy and must be shredded into fines suitable for blending and briquetting.
  • Iron turnings and borings of gray, malleable and ductile iron are normally saturated with water base soluble oil coolant used during the turning or boring operation. Substantially all of this water must be removed by draining, centrifuging, or both, as otherwise it will absorb part of the heat value of the combustibles in the briquette during melt down in the furnace. As much as 600 BTU is consumed per pound of water not removed.
  • Mill scale is iron oxide and is collected from scale breaking operations in the mechanical reduction of ingots to blooms or slabs, assisted by high pressure water jets which break up and wash the scale into collection pits, from which it is collected and piled for disposal and/or recycling.
  • the scale when removed from the pits contains as much as 10% of water which must be reduced to at least 2-3% by run off, supplemented by centrifuging or thermal treatment if necessary, as excessive moisture may inhibit bonding of briquette materials as well as reducing heat value by absorption.
  • Burnt lime fines are the by-product of limestone calcining that is used for the development of refining slags in basic oxygen and electric furnace steel making. Limestone is calcined in normal mill operation and screened to remove 40 mesh and below, and these fractions are reclaimed for use in forming the improved briquettes.
  • Coal tar pitch residue is used to effect primary binding of the metallic and oxide fines and lime in the briquette, and is also a source of thermal energy during the melt down operation due to its carbon content. If the carbon content of the briquette mix is deficient, coke breeze screened from blast furnace coke to remove fines 1/2 inch and below may be used to supply additional carbon and as an added source of heat energy for aiding in chemically reducing iron oxides. Coke fines used in briquetting should be fines having a low moisture content.
  • Decanter sludge which is a tar pitch residue from coke plant operations, may be used at least partially to supplant the coal tar pitch as it has much the same binding property although somewhat less carbon content and somewhat more moisture content.
  • the bentonite clay (aluminum silicate) is preferably western or sodium bentonite and is a porous colloidal clay which functions to distribute the particles of metallic fines and oxide fines, and also as a binder and moisture absorbent. Other porous colloidal clays may be used.
  • the given percentages of metallic and oxide fines are thoroughly mixed with the bentonite.
  • the tar pitch is mixed in and the bentonite absorbs moisture from the tar pitch and increases adhesion of the particles of fines.
  • the molasses and lime are thoroughly mixed in, and they form a cement-like matrix with the metallic and oxide fines. It is very important to adhere to this sequence of mixing steps.
  • the mixture is compressed into briquettes in a briquetting machine without heat.
  • the form of the briquettes may be cylindric, with a diameter of about 4 inches and an axial length of approximately 41/4 to 5 inches.
  • novel briquettes so fabricated have been demonstrated to have excellent green strength so as not to fragment or dust off during handling, and by analysis contain about 80% iron. They have been found by actual tests to satisfactorily and economically supply 30% of the total charge to an electric furnace wherein steel scrap constituent comprises 70%.
  • the briquettes contain 1,602 pounds of Fe per ton of briquettes.
  • the heat value available due to the exothermic reaction of hydrogen and oxygen in forming H 2 O generates 60,991 BTU per pound of material.
  • the following table shows a preferred furnace charge ratio of steel scrap and briquettes.
  • the percentage ratio of scrap and briquettes used in the feed is adjusted to 67.5% and 32.5% is adjusted to compensate for a deficiency of iron in the scrap.
  • the 2,340 pounds of feed per ton of steel includes make-up additions to compensate for losses during melt down.
  • the improved method of making briquettes of a novel combination of reclaimed materials provides briquettes having adequate green strength and high iron content suitable for comprising 30% to 70% ratio with steel scrap furnace charge, and provides increased heat value and substantial cost savings per net ton of iron.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

The method of making briquettes having approximately 50% metallic fines, 41% mill scale, 2% bentonite, 3% pitch residue, 2% burnt lime fines, and 2% molasses; and briquettes having that composition.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD
The invention relates to making briquettes containing iron adapted for use as feed stock constituting part of the charge in steel-making furnaces. The briquettes contain large percentages of reclaimed mill waste and by-products such as mill scale, cast iron and steel borings and turnings, pitch residue and burnt lime fines.
BACKGROUND ART
Prior attempts of which I am aware to make briquettes utilizing reclaimed mill waste and by-products as feed stock have not been commercially acceptable for several reasons. Certain of these proposed briquettes have required the application of heat as well as pressure in the forming operation, thereby increasing labor and energy costs. Other proposed briquettes have been frangible and lacked adequate green strength, thereby fragmenting and dusting during handling.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides for making briquettes from reclaimed materials, without the application of heat in the forming application, which have adequate green strength with high iron content.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved method of making iron-containing briquettes suitable for use as feed stock in combination with steel scrap in the steel making process.
Another object is to provide a novel briquette for that purpose having improved mechanical properties for handling.
A further object is to provide an improved method of making briquettes containing metal and oxide fines, combustible and binder materials, and fluxing materials such as burnt lime fines.
A still further object is to provide a novel and improved briquette which causes an exothermic reaction during the steel making process, thus supplying an additional source of energy for the reduction of iron oxide to metal.
Still another object is to provide a novel briquette containing reclaimed materials which when used with steel scrap in the furnace charge results in a substantial savings per net ton of iron in the charge.
These and other objects are accomplished by the improved method and novel product thereof comprising the present invention, a preferred embodiment of which is set forth herein as exemplifying the best known mode of carrying out the invention. Various modifications and changes in details of method and composition are comprehended within the scope of the appended claims.
PREFERRED EMBODIMENT FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
An exemplary formula of preferred reclaimed materials used in the improved briquettes of the present invention is as follows:
______________________________________                                    
metallic fines      50%     by weight                                     
mill scale (oxide fines)                                                  
                    41%                                                   
burnt lime fines    2%                                                    
pitch residue       3%                                                    
bentonite           2%                                                    
molasses            2%                                                    
                    100%                                                  
______________________________________
These percentages may be varied somewhat depending upon variations in the characteristics of the ingredients.
The metallic fines may include steel and iron grinding dust, steel and iron turnings and iron borings. The sources of grinding dust are (1), baghouse collection of steel abrasive fines resulting from comminution of steel shot and grit during cleaning or etching of ferrous castings and wrought shapes; and (2), residue derived from mechanical grind scarfing and cutting of ingots, billets and blooms.
Steel turnings are normally long and stringy and must be shredded into fines suitable for blending and briquetting.
Iron turnings and borings of gray, malleable and ductile iron are normally saturated with water base soluble oil coolant used during the turning or boring operation. Substantially all of this water must be removed by draining, centrifuging, or both, as otherwise it will absorb part of the heat value of the combustibles in the briquette during melt down in the furnace. As much as 600 BTU is consumed per pound of water not removed.
Mill scale is iron oxide and is collected from scale breaking operations in the mechanical reduction of ingots to blooms or slabs, assisted by high pressure water jets which break up and wash the scale into collection pits, from which it is collected and piled for disposal and/or recycling. The scale when removed from the pits contains as much as 10% of water which must be reduced to at least 2-3% by run off, supplemented by centrifuging or thermal treatment if necessary, as excessive moisture may inhibit bonding of briquette materials as well as reducing heat value by absorption.
Burnt lime fines are the by-product of limestone calcining that is used for the development of refining slags in basic oxygen and electric furnace steel making. Limestone is calcined in normal mill operation and screened to remove 40 mesh and below, and these fractions are reclaimed for use in forming the improved briquettes.
Coal tar pitch residue is used to effect primary binding of the metallic and oxide fines and lime in the briquette, and is also a source of thermal energy during the melt down operation due to its carbon content. If the carbon content of the briquette mix is deficient, coke breeze screened from blast furnace coke to remove fines 1/2 inch and below may be used to supply additional carbon and as an added source of heat energy for aiding in chemically reducing iron oxides. Coke fines used in briquetting should be fines having a low moisture content.
Decanter sludge, which is a tar pitch residue from coke plant operations, may be used at least partially to supplant the coal tar pitch as it has much the same binding property although somewhat less carbon content and somewhat more moisture content.
The bentonite clay (aluminum silicate) is preferably western or sodium bentonite and is a porous colloidal clay which functions to distribute the particles of metallic fines and oxide fines, and also as a binder and moisture absorbent. Other porous colloidal clays may be used.
In the improved method of fabricating the novel briquettes, the given percentages of metallic and oxide fines are thoroughly mixed with the bentonite. Then the tar pitch is mixed in and the bentonite absorbs moisture from the tar pitch and increases adhesion of the particles of fines. Next, the molasses and lime are thoroughly mixed in, and they form a cement-like matrix with the metallic and oxide fines. It is very important to adhere to this sequence of mixing steps. Finally, the mixture is compressed into briquettes in a briquetting machine without heat. The form of the briquettes may be cylindric, with a diameter of about 4 inches and an axial length of approximately 41/4 to 5 inches.
The novel briquettes so fabricated have been demonstrated to have excellent green strength so as not to fragment or dust off during handling, and by analysis contain about 80% iron. They have been found by actual tests to satisfactorily and economically supply 30% of the total charge to an electric furnace wherein steel scrap constituent comprises 70%.
As shown in the following table, the briquettes contain 1,602 pounds of Fe per ton of briquettes.
              TABLE I                                                     
______________________________________                                    
ASSUMPTION                                                                
______________________________________                                    
1. Mill Scale:                                                            
           At 72.4% Fe (Fe.sub.3 O.sub.4) with 2.4% H.sub.2 O with        
           6.0% Fe = 76.0% Net Fe.                                        
2. Steel Fines:                                                           
           Dry at 97.7% Fe.                                               
3. Lime Fines:                                                            
           CaO 94.96%; SiO.sub.2 -3.03%; Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 /Al.sub.2       
           O.sub.3 -                                                      
           1.05%; MgO-0.93%                                               
______________________________________                                    
                           # Feed/Ton                                     
                                    # Fe/Ton                              
Material  % Fe    % Feed   Briquette                                      
                                    Briquette                             
______________________________________                                    
Mill Scale                                                                
          .76     41.0*    820      624                                   
Steel Fines                                                               
          .977    50.0     1000     978                                   
Lime      0       2.0      40       0                                     
Binder    0       4.0      80       0                                     
Pitch Residue                                                             
          0       3.0      60       0                                     
                  100.0    2000     1602                                  
______________________________________                                    
 ##STR1##                                                                 
 *Total weight of mill scale.
The carbon balance in the briquettes is shown in the following table:
              TABLE II                                                    
______________________________________                                    
Carbon Balance in Briquettes                                              
Material   % Chg.   # Material/T                                          
                               % C  # Carbon/T                            
______________________________________                                    
Steel Fines                                                               
           50.0     1000       1.00 10                                    
Mill Scale 41.0     820        0    0                                     
Lime (Burnt)                                                              
           2.00     40         0    0                                     
Pitch Residue                                                             
           3.00     60         76.3 45.8                                  
Binder     4.00     80         20.5 16.4                                  
(Bentonite 2%                                                             
Molasses 2%)                                                              
           100.00   2000            72.2                                  
______________________________________                                    
 ##STR2##
While the initial reaction in the melt down of carbon and iron in forming CO is endothermic, as the CO burns with oxygen in the charge or in the atmosphere to form CO2 the reaction is exothermic and generates 14,093 BTU per pound of material. From the above table the amount of carbon per ton of briquette material is 72.2 pounds. Hence the heat value available due to carbon is 72.2×14,093=1,017,515 BTU per ton.
The heat value available due to the exothermic reaction of hydrogen and oxygen in forming H2 O generates 60,991 BTU per pound of material. The pitch residue in the briquette material contains about 5.68% of hydrogen. From the above table there is 60 pounds of pitch residue per ton of material. 0.0568×60=3.41 pounds of hydrogen per ton. Hence 3.41×60.991 BTU=207,979 BTU per ton, and the total heat value per ton of material is 207,979+1,017,515=1,225,494 BTU per ton of briquettes.
The following table shows a preferred furnace charge ratio of steel scrap and briquettes.
              TABLE III                                                   
______________________________________                                    
Furnace Charge Using Low Carbon                                           
Steel Scrap/Ton of Steel                                                  
        Fe                           # Fe in Feed/                        
        Charge  %      %     # Feed/ Ton of Hot                           
Material                                                                  
        Ratio   Fe     Feed  Ton Steel                                    
                                     Steel                                
______________________________________                                    
Scrap   70      .90    67.5  1580    1422                                 
Briquettes                                                                
        30      .80    32.5   760     608                                 
        100            100.0 2340    2030                                 
______________________________________                                    
 90.00% Fe in #1 Scrap is based on 2.25% other elements, 2.00 moisture,   
 1.00 oxide (O.sub.2) and 4.75 nonmetallics                               
 Slag Fe loss factor is 11.0# per ton of hot steel                        
 Other Fe losses are not included in this comparison
The percentage ratio of scrap and briquettes used in the feed is adjusted to 67.5% and 32.5% is adjusted to compensate for a deficiency of iron in the scrap. The 2,340 pounds of feed per ton of steel includes make-up additions to compensate for losses during melt down.
The material and labor costs of briquetting are as follows:
              TABLE IV                                                    
______________________________________                                    
Raw Material and Economic Balance                                         
______________________________________                                    
Material    $/Ton      %-Mix   $/Charge                                   
______________________________________                                    
Mill Scale  15.00      41.00   6.15                                       
Metallic Fines                                                            
            30.00      50.00   15.00                                      
Lime Fines (Burnt)                                                        
            25.00      2.00    .50                                        
Decanter Sludge                                                           
            50.00      3.00    1.50                                       
Binder      150.00     4.00    6.00                                       
                               29.15/Ton                                  
______________________________________                                    
 ##STR3##                                                                 

Material Costs        $29.15/Ton                                          
Estimated Briquetting-Handling-                                           
Freight Costs          31.50/Ton                                          
Delivered Costs       $60.65/Ton(Net)                                     
______________________________________
The net savings as a result of using the novel briquettes are as follows:
              TABLE V                                                     
______________________________________                                    
Comparison of Not Ton Cost of Fe-                                         
#1 Scrap Versus Briquettes                                                
______________________________________                                    
               #1 Scrap Briquettes                                        
______________________________________                                    
Net Ton        $80.36   $60.65                                            
Net Ton Fe     $89.29   $75.72                                            
______________________________________                                    
Differential = 89.29-75.72 =                                              
                   $13.57 Net Ton Fe                                      
Lime Savings =      1.00 Net Ton Fe                                       
Net Savings per Ton Fe =                                                  
                   $14.57 Net Ton Fe                                      
with Briquettes                                                           
______________________________________
Accordingly, the improved method of making briquettes of a novel combination of reclaimed materials provides briquettes having adequate green strength and high iron content suitable for comprising 30% to 70% ratio with steel scrap furnace charge, and provides increased heat value and substantial cost savings per net ton of iron.

Claims (15)

I claim:
1. The method of making briquettes adapted for use as feed stock in steel making furnaces, comprising forming a compressed mass by the steps of mixing metallic fines and metallic oxide fines in an amount of about 91% by weight of the total mass with about 2% of porous colloidal clay, then thoroughly mixing in about 3% of pitch residue, then mixing in about 2% of burnt lime fines and about 2% of molasses, and then cold compressing the mixture into briquettes, said metallic fines comprising about 50% of steel and iron fines and said oxide fines comprising about 41% of mill scale.
2. The method as described in claim 1, wherein the porous colloidal clay comprises western bentonite.
3. The method as described in claim 2, wherein the pitch residue is coal tar pitch.
4. The method as described in claim 2, wherein the pitch residue is decanter sludge.
5. The method as described in claim 1, wherein the porous colloidal clay is western bentonite.
6. The method as described in claim 5, wherein the pitch residue is coal tar pitch.
7. The method as described in claim 5, wherein the pitch residue is decanter sludge.
8. A briquette adapted for use as feed stock in steel-making furnaces, comprising about 50% by weight of steel and iron fines, about 41% of mill scale, about 2% porous colloidal clay, about 3% pitch residue, about 2% burnt lime fines, and about 2% molasses.
9. A briquette as defined in claim 8, wherein the porous clay is western bentonite.
10. A briquette as defined in claim 9, wherein the pitch residue is coal tar pitch.
11. A briquette as defined in claim 9, wherein the pitch residue is decanter sludge.
12. A briquette as defined in claim 8, wherein the pitch residue is coal tar pitch.
13. A briquette as defined in claim 8, wherein the pitch is decanter sludge.
14. A briquette adapted for use as feed stock in steel-making furnaces, comprising about 50% by weight of steel and iron fines, about 41% of mill scale, about 2% porous colloidal clay, about 3% pitch residue containing coke breeze, about 2% burnt lime fines, and about 2% molasses.
15. A briquette as defined in claim 14, wherein the porous clay is western bentonite.
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Cited By (24)

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GB2173216A (en) * 1985-04-01 1986-10-08 Midrex Int Bv Method of producing a ferro-alloy
US4659374A (en) * 1985-06-14 1987-04-21 Dow Corning Corporation Mixed binder systems for agglomerates
EP0203854A3 (en) * 1985-05-21 1988-08-17 Union Carbide Corporation An improved process for agglomerating ore concentrate utilizing emulsions of polymer binders or dry polymer binders
WO1988008459A1 (en) * 1985-06-24 1988-11-03 Lloyd Donald W Powder metallurgy process for producing steel articles
US4846884A (en) * 1981-09-24 1989-07-11 Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. Process for producing cold-bonded iron ore for use in a blast furnace
EP0545766A1 (en) * 1991-11-26 1993-06-09 Sollac Ferruginous coolant producing method for steel making in converters and so produced coolant
US5505903A (en) * 1993-06-21 1996-04-09 Voest-Alpine Industrieanlagenbau Gmbh Method of producing cold-moulded iron-containing briquettes
WO1997012069A1 (en) * 1995-09-28 1997-04-03 Alexandr Nikolaevich Meshkov Material for use in manufacturing ingots for steel smelting treatment and a method of obtaining said material, ingot for steel smelting treatment, method and machine for obtaining said ingot
WO1998031842A1 (en) * 1997-01-17 1998-07-23 Kennecott Holdings Corporation Molybdenum oxide briquettes and a process for their preparation
FR2771316A1 (en) * 1997-11-26 1999-05-28 Ferway Metal-containing sludges are treated with iron-containing fines and quicklime
EP0976843A1 (en) * 1998-03-25 2000-02-02 LTV Steel Company, Inc. Treatment of steel plant waste metal oxides by firing the same in the form of coke containing briquettes
US6096112A (en) * 1998-01-05 2000-08-01 Orinoco Iron, C.A. High carbon content briquettes
US20020152843A1 (en) * 2000-08-10 2002-10-24 Masataka Ishihara Briquette as material for steel making and method for production thereof
US20030075014A1 (en) * 2000-10-02 2003-04-24 Masataka Ishihara Brittle formed product and iron-based power material and method for manufacturing these materials
RU2205235C1 (en) * 2002-05-21 2003-05-27 Коршунов Виктор Владимирович Method for producing fluorspar briquettes
RU2245929C2 (en) * 2003-03-21 2005-02-10 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Государственный научно-исследовательский, проектный и конструкторский институт горного дела и металлургии цветных металлов" ФГУП "Гипроцветмет" Method for agglomeration of fine crushed fluorspar concentrates
US20050178240A1 (en) * 2002-01-31 2005-08-18 Mitsuma Matsuda Brittle molded article and briquette using the same
RU2268314C1 (en) * 2004-06-11 2006-01-20 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Государственный научно-исследовательский, проектный и конструкторский институт горного дела и металлургии цветных металлов" ФГУП "Гипроцветмет" Method of briquetting floatation fluorite concentrates
US20070163388A1 (en) * 2003-12-25 2007-07-19 Ntn Corporation Steel manufacturing dust solidified, process for producing the same and production apparatus therefor
US20070163389A1 (en) * 2004-02-25 2007-07-19 Mitsuma Matsuda Briquette for use as steelmaking material and method of manufacturing the same
US20070264480A1 (en) * 2004-02-25 2007-11-15 Jtekt Corporation Coloration Agent for Use in Ceramic Articles and a Color Developing Clay Using the Same
CN100462452C (en) * 2004-04-15 2009-02-18 株式会社捷太格特 Method for producing briquette for use as metal stock
WO2009109024A1 (en) * 2008-03-06 2009-09-11 Bentonit União Nordeste S.A. Binder composition for pelletizing iron ore
CN114410963A (en) * 2022-01-26 2022-04-29 宝钢德盛不锈钢有限公司 Binder for pickling sludge and gravity ash cold-solidified pellets and preparation method thereof

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US4846884A (en) * 1981-09-24 1989-07-11 Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. Process for producing cold-bonded iron ore for use in a blast furnace
GB2173216A (en) * 1985-04-01 1986-10-08 Midrex Int Bv Method of producing a ferro-alloy
EP0203854A3 (en) * 1985-05-21 1988-08-17 Union Carbide Corporation An improved process for agglomerating ore concentrate utilizing emulsions of polymer binders or dry polymer binders
US4659374A (en) * 1985-06-14 1987-04-21 Dow Corning Corporation Mixed binder systems for agglomerates
WO1988008459A1 (en) * 1985-06-24 1988-11-03 Lloyd Donald W Powder metallurgy process for producing steel articles
EP0545766B1 (en) * 1991-11-26 1997-07-16 Sollac Ferruginous coolant producing method for steel making in converters and so produced coolant
US5587002A (en) * 1991-11-26 1996-12-24 Sollac Process for the preparation of a cooling agent containing iron for a steel-making converter
EP0545766A1 (en) * 1991-11-26 1993-06-09 Sollac Ferruginous coolant producing method for steel making in converters and so produced coolant
FR2684689A1 (en) * 1991-11-26 1993-06-11 Lorraine Laminage PROCESS FOR PREPARING A COOLING AGENT CONTAINING IRON FOR STEEL CONVERTER AND COOLING AGENT OBTAINED BY THIS PROCESS.
US5505903A (en) * 1993-06-21 1996-04-09 Voest-Alpine Industrieanlagenbau Gmbh Method of producing cold-moulded iron-containing briquettes
WO1997012069A1 (en) * 1995-09-28 1997-04-03 Alexandr Nikolaevich Meshkov Material for use in manufacturing ingots for steel smelting treatment and a method of obtaining said material, ingot for steel smelting treatment, method and machine for obtaining said ingot
US5954857A (en) * 1997-01-17 1999-09-21 Kennecott Holdings Corporation Molybdenum oxide briquettes and a process for their preparation
WO1998031842A1 (en) * 1997-01-17 1998-07-23 Kennecott Holdings Corporation Molybdenum oxide briquettes and a process for their preparation
FR2771316A1 (en) * 1997-11-26 1999-05-28 Ferway Metal-containing sludges are treated with iron-containing fines and quicklime
US6096112A (en) * 1998-01-05 2000-08-01 Orinoco Iron, C.A. High carbon content briquettes
EP0976843A1 (en) * 1998-03-25 2000-02-02 LTV Steel Company, Inc. Treatment of steel plant waste metal oxides by firing the same in the form of coke containing briquettes
US6120577A (en) * 1998-03-25 2000-09-19 Ltv Steel Company, Inc. Treatment of steel mill waste metal oxides
US20020152843A1 (en) * 2000-08-10 2002-10-24 Masataka Ishihara Briquette as material for steel making and method for production thereof
EP1676930A3 (en) * 2000-08-10 2006-11-08 JTEKT Corporation A briquette for use as steelmaking material and a method for forming the same
EP1760163A3 (en) * 2000-08-10 2007-09-05 JTEKT Corporation A briquette for use as steelmaking material
EP1323838A4 (en) * 2000-08-10 2004-10-06 Koyo Seiko Co Briquette as material for steel making and method for production thereof
US20030075014A1 (en) * 2000-10-02 2003-04-24 Masataka Ishihara Brittle formed product and iron-based power material and method for manufacturing these materials
US7135053B2 (en) * 2000-10-02 2006-11-14 Koyo Seiko Co., Ltd. Brittle formed product and iron-based power material and method for manufacturing these materials
US20080179788A1 (en) * 2002-01-31 2008-07-31 Mitsuma Matsuda Method of Forming a Briquette
US20050178240A1 (en) * 2002-01-31 2005-08-18 Mitsuma Matsuda Brittle molded article and briquette using the same
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RU2245929C2 (en) * 2003-03-21 2005-02-10 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Государственный научно-исследовательский, проектный и конструкторский институт горного дела и металлургии цветных металлов" ФГУП "Гипроцветмет" Method for agglomeration of fine crushed fluorspar concentrates
US20070163388A1 (en) * 2003-12-25 2007-07-19 Ntn Corporation Steel manufacturing dust solidified, process for producing the same and production apparatus therefor
EP1702994A4 (en) * 2003-12-25 2008-07-30 Ntn Toyo Bearing Co Ltd LIMESTONE PRODUCED BY SOLIDIFIED STEEL MANUFACTURE, PRODUCTION PROTOCOL FOR THE PRODUCTION OF THESE LIMAILLE AND CORRESPONDING PRODUCTION APPARATUS
US20070163389A1 (en) * 2004-02-25 2007-07-19 Mitsuma Matsuda Briquette for use as steelmaking material and method of manufacturing the same
US20070264480A1 (en) * 2004-02-25 2007-11-15 Jtekt Corporation Coloration Agent for Use in Ceramic Articles and a Color Developing Clay Using the Same
US7807596B2 (en) * 2004-02-25 2010-10-05 Jtekt Corporation Coloration agent for use in ceramic articles and a color developing clay using the same
CN100462452C (en) * 2004-04-15 2009-02-18 株式会社捷太格特 Method for producing briquette for use as metal stock
RU2268314C1 (en) * 2004-06-11 2006-01-20 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Государственный научно-исследовательский, проектный и конструкторский институт горного дела и металлургии цветных металлов" ФГУП "Гипроцветмет" Method of briquetting floatation fluorite concentrates
WO2009109024A1 (en) * 2008-03-06 2009-09-11 Bentonit União Nordeste S.A. Binder composition for pelletizing iron ore
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