US436359A - Machine for cutting shoe-soles - Google Patents

Description

(N0 1 15 sheets -sheet 1', .M. E. KNIGHT.

MACHINE FOR CUTTING SHOE SOLES.

' Patented Sept. 16, 1890.

(No Model.)

M. E. KNIGHT.

15 Sheets-Sheet 2.

MACHINE FOR CUTTING SHOE SOLE-S.

Patented Sept. 16, 1890. N

-(No Model.)

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- 1 I Pgl tented Sept. 16, 1890.

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WIT-NEESEE.

(No Model.)

MAGHINE FOR CUTTING SHOE SOLES.

No. 436,359. Patented Sept. 16,1890.

*( l.) 15 Sheets-Sheet 6.

M. E. KNIGHT. MACHINE FOR CUTTING SHOE SOLES.

Patented Sept. 16, 1890.-

(No Model.) 15 Sheets-Sheet 7. M. E. KNIGHT.

MACHINE FOR CUTTING SHOE SOLES. No. 486,359. Patentd Sept. 16, 1890.

WlTNEEEEEf INVENTUR (No Model.) 15 sheets-sheets,

M. E. KNIGHT. MACHINE FOR CUTTING SHOE SOLES.

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No. 436,359. Patented Sept, 16,1890;

" INVENTU I g g Q w 7 6/ I.

(No Model.) 15 Sheets-Sheet Jll.

M. E. KNIGHT.

MACHINE FOR CUTTING SHOE SOL-ES.

No. 436,359. Patente d Sept. 1b, 1890.

(No Model.) 15Sheets-Sheet 12, M. E. KNIGHT.

MACHINE FOR CUTTING SHOE SOLES.

INVENTUIT- Patented Sep t. 16, 1890-" w mKm WITNEEEJEEL a 4 W 15 Sheets-Sheet 13.

(No Model.)

M. E. KNIGHT. MACHINE FOR CUTTING SHOE SOLES.

No. 436,359. Patented Sept. 16, 1890.

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M. E; KNIGHT. MACHINE FOR CUTTING SHOE SOLES.

Patented Sept. 16

mdivloael. 15 Sheets $heet 15.

-M. E. KNIGHT. MACHINE FOR CUTTING SHOE SOLES. No. 436,359.

Patented Sept. 16, 1890.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

MARGAR'ET E. KNIGHT, OF SOUTH FRAMINGHAM, MASSACHUSETTS.

MACHINE FO R CUTTING SHO E-SO LES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 436,359, dated September 16, 1890.

Application filed December 12, 1889.; Serial No. 333,394. No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it knownthat I, MARGARET E. KNIGHT, of South Framingham, in the county of Middlesex and State of :Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful improvements in machines for cutting shoe-soles and other articles of curvilinear form from sheet material and imprinting a design thereon before removal from the machine and automatiro cally removing the completed article, of which the following is a specification.

The machine is intended toautomatically producean article of the desired shape, cut from sheet material in accordance with the pattern employed. The sheet of india rubber, leather, or other material is-placed upon an endless belt orapron,which intermittently feeds it forward under. a knife and 'ontoa table or blank-carrier a distance equal to the desired width of a blank for the article to be made. The knife cuts off the blank, which is carried forward by the blank-carrier havi ing a reciprocating movement and fed upon afor'm or pattern in the machine by a recip- 2 5 rocating feed-bar. An upper pattern then descends and clamps the blank upon the-lower one, and the two revolve together upon supporting-spindles, thus presenting the entire circumference of the edge of the blank to the action of a knife, which by reason of its capability of swinging bodily in the are of a circle upon a pivot and of moving in straight lines radial to such pivot, its cutting-edge will always be presented to the periphery of 3 5 the pattern in the proper position to out or trim the blank into'thc shape corresponding to the outline ofthe pattern. of the knife in relation to the pattern which I have found most satisfactory is with the cutting part of its edge substantially in contact with the periphery of the pattern and :the'planeof the blade of the knife as near as may be at right angles to the normal of the curve of the pattern at the point of contact of. the knife therewith. After the article is cut the upper pattern rises and the completed articleis removed by automaticallyoperating fingers, which grasp it, withdraw it from between the forms, and deposit it, for

5o convenience, upon an endless apron, which:

. carries it away from the machine. Whilethe zblank is clamped between the two patterns out from this figure, and is shown in Fig. 2

portion broken out from Fig. 1 being also The position and during the operation of cutting it to the desired'shape, a pair of dies are arranged to operate in, conjunction through the patterns and stamp or emboss upon the surfaceof the article .any design which may be out upon the The construction and operation of the machine, as I have found it convenient to make the several parts, will be understood .from the description hereinafter contained, and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in whicha portion of the top being broken cit, such portion being shown in similar elevation in Fig. 1%. The bracket for carrying the actuating mechanism of the cutters is also broken and in an enlarged section in Fig. 6. Fig. 2

is an end elevation of the machine, certain,

parts shown in Figs. 1 and 3 being broken oif and the crosshead knife and scraper being broken out the better to illustrate other parts of the machine. Fig.3 shows in end. elevation the portion broken ofi from Fig. 2 and a detail of the actuating mechanism for such portion. Fig. 4 is a plan of the machine, the

broken out from this figure. Fig. 5 is a longitudinal vertical section on line X ac,'Fig. 4, the same portion that is broken 0d from Fig.

1 being broken oiffrom this figure. Fig. 5

is a sectional detail of the pivoted shelf M, below described. Fig. 6 is a transverse vertical section taken on-line y y, Fig. 7, and particularly illustrates the action of the cutters. Fig. 6 is an enlarged detail showing the relation of the cutters at their cutting-edges. Fig. 6 is a longitudinal section or detail of a portion of the mechanism,for actuating the device for locking the sliding cutter-frame.

Fig. 7 is a plan view on line a a, Fig. 6. Fig.

8 is a view similar to Fig. 7 with the parts in 9 5 the act of trimming the side of the sole. Fig. 9 is a view of the under side of the mechanism for rotating the patterns. Fig. 10 is a vertical section taken. on line 10 10, Fig. 9. Fig. his a detail of the mechanism for actuating the feeding-apron. Fig. 12 is a detail of the feed-bar mechanism in the act of delivering the blank into position upon the lowerv pattern. vFigyl-fi is a central vertical gripping the article and section taken longitudinally through the forms or patterns. Fig. 14 is a sectional detail of the embossing-dies. Fig. 15 is a detail of the friction mechanism on the lower endof the mechanism shown in Fig. 16, the full lines in said figure showing the mechanism started back," and the broken lines showing it in the act of dropping the finished article. Rig. is a diagram illustrating the shafting and gearing on the under side of the machine.

Similar letters of reference indicatelike parts.

lVith the exception of Figs. 12 and 19 the position of the machine in the drawings is that assumed at the instant of the completion of the trimming or final cutting of the sole or other article.

A represents that portion of the frame of the machine which I term the .bed, provided with two parallel wings A, rising upward therefrom, (see Figs. 1, 2, and 5,) and the stump A (see Figs. 1, 2, and 5,) which are supported by the legs A A A A.

B (see Figs. 2, 12, and 20) is a cam-wheel fast on the shaft 13, which is supported by the legs A A B B are gear-wlreels fast on said shaft B and engaged by the pinions 13 which are fast on the shaft 13, having its bearing in boxes 15, supported by the wings A of the frame.

C is a bevel-gear fined to the shaft 13 and engaged by the bevel-gear (J, keyed on the shaft C which is supported by the leg A and a box C, attached to the bed A. On the opposite end of the shaft C is fixed the gearwheel C, all as shown in Fig. 2(.

Power is applied the machine by means of the pulley I), which is loose on a suitable stud. (Shown in broken lines in Fig. 5.) The cone 1), also loose on said stud, is rigidly secured to the gear-wheel l)-' by a loose sleeve on said stud and engages with the gear-wheel 0. This gearl) is adapted by means of a shipper I) (see Fig. 5) to throw the coneiuto engagement with the pulley D, thereby communicating motion to the machine.

D is a brake against which the cone D may be moved by the same shipper to stop the machine.

The shipper l) is operated by the connecting-rod D g-the opposite ends of which are pivotally secured to said shipper and to a suitable crank E, fast on the rock-shaft 1, supported by the legs A, and provided with treadles h E for the purpose of starting and stopping the machine.

F is a cam-groove on the face of the wheel B, in which plays a roller carried by the cam-lever F. (SeeFiglL) This lever Fis ported by the portion A integral with the shaft F which is supported --by one of the wings A.

Fast on the shaft F is the lever F connected by means of the rod F with the bellcrank F said rod being pivotally secured at its opposite ends to said bell-crank and lever, the connection with the bell-crank being adjustable by means of a slot in said crank. This bell-crank is loose upon a stud G, supof the frame. The opposite end of the bell-crank F is connected by means of the link G with the radius-lever G which is loose on the stationary shaft G supported by the frame. The radius-lever G carries. a pawl G which engages in its reciprocations with the ratchet H, which is integral with the roll H, the ofice of which is to give motion to the endless feeding-apron or stock-support H upon which the sheets of material H Fig. 4, are fed to the knife Jto be cut into blanks. (See Figs. 1, 2, and 11.)

I I are crank-pins projecting from the outer sides of the gear-wheels B (See broken lines in Fig. 1 and full lines in Fig. 20.)

I I are rods the lower ends of which work on the crank-pins I and the upper ends connect by means of suitable trunnions with the cross-head 1 of which said trunnions are a part, and is the mechanism by which vertical reciprocating motion is imparted to the crosshead. The cross-head is guided in its vertical movement by means of the gibs 1 Figs.

2 and a, bolted to said cross-head, which slide ICO on the vertical face of the ribs 1 projecting I inwardly from the uprights I which are bolted at I to the wings A of the frame.

J is a blank-cutting knife bolted at J to the cross-head. (See Fig. 5.)

J 2 is a lower blade bolted at J to the table or blank-carrier K, supportedv by the two wings A and sliding thereupon, as below described. This table is given its horizontal reciprocating motion by means of links H, the inner ends of which work in suitable trunnions on the table and the outer ends are pivotally secured at K to the outer ends of the lever K, clamped to the rock-shaf t K, which is operated by the lever K fast on said rock-shaft, such lever K being, by means of the pin K, operated by the cam-groove L in the disk L.

M (see Figs. 2, 4, 5, and 5*) is a swinging shelf pivotally secured at M to the uprights 1-. after a blank is cut off, and it is held normally in a horizontal position and on a line with the apron ll and the surface of the table K by means of springs M surrounding the guiding-rods M", which slide on the blocks M, which are pivotally secured to the wings A of the frame. The shelf is deprcssd into the position shown in Fig. 5 from its normal horizontal position when the cross-head descends by means of tappeis M projecting downward from the under side of said crosshead.

N is a scraper or knife-clearer, the object This shelf supports the end of the stock of which is below described, and has its opposite ends journaled in the uprights 1 The normal position of this scraper is raised. Its edge, however, which issIightly bent, as shown, extends under the bevel of the outti'ng-edge of the knife J, and hence is forced down by said knife as it descends against the power of the spring N; l

The operation of the machine up to the point described is as follows: Power being applied ,at the pulley D, the cam-wheel B isrotated by means of the shaft 13, gear-wheels B pinions B shaft B, bevel-gears C C, shaft and gear-wheel O. The rotation of the cam-wheel B causes the shaft F to oscillate by means of the lever F, integral therewith. Said shaft communicates motion to the lever F which, by means of the link F operates the bell-crank F which, bymeans of the link G, radius-lever G and pawl G4, gives intermittent rotary movement to.the

rolLH, and hence corresponding movement to produce a blank, as shown in Fig. When the strip of material has reached this point, the knife J descends, being moved by the cross-head, which is operated, as above described, through the rods 1 and crank-pins ,I, projecting from the gears B fast on the shaft B. This knife in its descent cuts off a blank or rectangular piece H Fig. 5, the-size of which-shouldbe about the si-zeof.. the ar.- .ticle desired. The shelf M is forced down into the position shown in Fig. 5 by the tappet M at substantially the instant of the cutting, so that the incoming edge of the sheet H will be prevented from being injured by the heel of the knife. Immediately after the knife has done its work and cut off the blank it rises and is followed by the edge of the scraper N, which prevents the edge of the strip H from adhering to the knife andfollowing it in its upward movement. As soon as thisblank has been cut off, the table K carriesit forward to a point (see Fig. 12) from which it can be moved by suitable mechanism, below'described, to the patterns which correspond to the shape desired for the finished article. The table then moves back horizontally into its former-position, as shown in Fig. 5. This reciprocation of thetable is produced by the m echanism abovedescribedis provided witha vertically-adjustable saddle O, to which one end of the connecting-rod O is pivotally secured, the other end being pivotally secured at O to the ears 0, which are rigid with the rocking bar 0 Fig. 4, and upon j either end thereof.

P P are levers pivoted at their:

to the ears 0 and at their lower ends are fast on the rock-shaft P, which is supported by the wings A of the frame. After the blank I H has been cut off and the table has moved forward into the position shown in Fig. 12 the blank is pushed into position between the forms below described by means of the mechanism last described. The shaft F rocking to feed'the apron, atthe same time moves the lever F so that? its upper end pushes the connecting-rod 0 forward and tips the rocking feed-bar 0 from the position shown in Fig. 1 into the position shown in Fig. 12, so that as the "bar moves forward its edge 0 pushes theblank H between thepatterns, as shownin Fig. 12. The adjustable connection between the bell-crank F and the link F which isv for the purpose of enabling .the operator to vary the width of the blank, renders the adj nstable connection between the lever F and the connecting-rod O necessary.

R, Figs. 5, 6, 12, and 13, is the lower form or pattern on which the blank rests while it isbeing cut into its final shape, said pattern, being rigidly secured to a foot R, supported by and rigidly secured to the spindle R which has its-bearings in boxes R supported by the bracket R which is secured to the frame. This spindle is stationary vertically, but has a rotative motion which will be de- ,,scribed below. S is the upper form or pat- "tern secured to the foot S by readily-detach- .able connections, in order that patterns of different siZe may be interchanged, (see Figs.- 5, 6,7, 8, and 13,) said foot being rigidly secured to a vertical shaft S having bearings in the boxes S, which are supported by a column S (see Figs. 1 and 5,) which is supported by and bolted to the stump A as shown.

This shaft S has a vertical motion in order that the form S may be pressed down upon the blank H to hold it while it is being trimmed and raised to release it. This vertical motion is produced by the following mechanism:

The shaft or spindle S is provided with weights S atits upper end, (see Fig. 1,) said weights resting upon the flange S The upper end of this spindle is provided with a ring '1, which is embraced by the perforated bifurcated endsTof the lever T said lever being integral with the rock-shaft T Screws or bolts T pass through the perforations in the fork T and extend into the ring T. In-

tegral with this rock-shaft'1 is a horizontal curved lever U, havingits out-er end pivoted to the vertical rod U, (see Fig-$. 1, 2, and 3,) extending down and being pivotally secured to .the cam lever U which is. loose' upon a stud U, supported-by the frame.

U is a cam on the'shaft U supported by the boxesU, secured to the back of the frame or stump A I The gear-wheel V is fast on the shaft U and is engaged by the pinion V fast on the shaft 0 .5, Motion bcin g imparted to the shaft the pinion Z, the shaft Z U and cam U by the gear last above mentioned, said cam causes the rod U to rise and drop rapidly, carrying with it the end of the lever U and rocking theshaft T, which, by means of its bifurcated arm T lifts and lowers the spindle S and hence the upper form S. The effect of the cam U is to make the stroke of the spindle S quick, but to allow the upper form to remain for an appreciable length of time at its highest and lowest points, thereby giving the cutters time to trim the blank and also affording time to remove a finished article and put on a fresh blank. The pressure of the upper form upon the blank is regulated by the weights 8.

The difierent parts of the mechanism described connected with the forms are shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 13, 15, and 20.

In order that rotary motion may be applied to the spindles S R and hence to the patterns S R, whereby the blank, which is held between them, may be rotated and thus present its edges throughout the entire circumference of the pattern to the action of the cutters below described, said spindles are provided, respectively, with the pinions \V \V', Fig. 5, the former W being made of extra thickness to allow for the vertical motion of the spindle on which it is fast. The pinions W' and W are engaged, respectively, by the gear-wheels V and fast on the vertical shaft W which is supported in bearings at \V and Whrespectively, in the column S and the bed of the machine. The gear-wheel 3V has bolted to its under side a ratchet (See Figs. 5, 9, and 10.) This ratchet is engaged by the pawl X, which is carried by the radius-lever X, which is loose on the shaft \V.

X is a link pivotally connecting the lever X with the eu rved l6VelX which is integral withthe shaft X, which has also integral with it a lever The outer end of this leverX is provided with a cam-roll Y, (shown in broken lines in Fig. 10,) which runs in the cam-groove Yon the under side of the camwheel Y which is bolted to the underside of the gear-wheel Y Fig. 10, fast to the shaft Y supported by the box on the end of the bed or frame A.

Motion is imparted to the gear-wheel Y by of which is supported by the leg A, (see Figs. 1 and 20,) and is driven by the bevel-gear Z which is engaged'by the bevel-gear Z fast on the shaft H Thus it will be seen that the gear-wheel Y by rotating the cam-wheel Y which is provided with the peculiarly-shaped groove Y on its under side, produces by means of the intermediate mechanismviz., the levers X X shaft X link X, radius-lever X, shaft \V, and gears \V W \V, \V-the irregular rotation of the forms necessary to the suit able treatment of the blank by the cutters.

In Fig. 9 the above mechanism is shown in full lines at one end of the stroke and in broken lines at the opposite end of the stroke.

The mechanism for trimming "or cutting the sole to its final shape is as follows: a is a rotary cutter rigidly secured to-the shaft a, supported in the frame a (See Figs. 6, 7, and 8.) h is a lower cutter provided with a beveled edge, as shown, and rigidly secured to the shaft 2), also supported in the frame a This shaft 6 is provided with a gear-wheel 6 which is engaged by a pinion a on the shaft a, whereby the motion of the upper cutter a, is made, say, five times greater than that of the lower cutter b. The gear 6 may be dispensed with and the lower cutter allowed to turn by friction. The cutters are placed, preferably, at about'an angle of fortyfive degrees when it is desired to produce an article with beveled edges. It will be observed that the cutters are so placed in the frame that the under or beveled cutterboverlaps the upper or principal cutter a, (see Fig. 6 so as to produce a shear cut. The principal ofiice of the cutter b is to hold the material up to the cutter a, which operates chiefly as the cutting-tool, the bevel of said cutter bbeing such as substantially in the same pla per surface of the lower patte n. The lower cutter b may be made stationary and still hold the material up to the action of the cutter a, and in connection with it produce a shear out. In that event the lower disk Z) would slide along beneath the material instead of turning in its bearings by friction against the material and the upper disk a would act as a single cutter against a stationary blade. In practice, however, it will be found preferable to allow the lower disk to revolve in its bearings, especially when cutting sheets Ofindiarubber. The faces of the cutters b and a where they overlap are held together by means of the spring biwhich lies between a suitable shoulder on the shaft 1) and the bracket 11*. Both tlieframe a and the bracket Z) are supported 11 extensionpiece e, fully described below. '1

The cutters a and b are given their motion of rotation by mechanism, as follows: Power' is applied through a belt 0 to the pulley g upon the shaft 0", which is supported bya to bring the plane of its bevel e with the up- ICC bracket (1, extending from the frame of the machine. To this shaft 0 the tubular shaft 0 is attached by a universal joint Projecting up into the shaft 0 is ashaft c,which can slide therein, limited, however, by a slot and a key The shaft 0 is connected by a universal joint with the shaft a, upon the lower end of which is the cuttcra. By means of the gear a upon the shaft a engaging with the gear b upon the shaft Z) the cutter b is caused to rotate. (See Figs. 1,, 2, and 6.) If, however, it is desired to have the cutter b rotate by friction only, the gears a and b may be dispensed wit It is requisite in a cutting-machine of this character that the edge of the cutter should be substantially in contact with the periphery of the pattern at all times and be pro- I support e, and hence the cutter-frame with f, supported by the spindle f carried by scnted to the material as nearly may be with the plane of its blade at right angles to the normal of the curve of the periphery of the pattern at the point of contact therewith, and the mechanism which I employ to accomplish this is illustrated in the drawings in Fig. 6.

P an extensiou'on which the cutter-frame b is supported. This extension slides horizontally in straight lines upon the swiveling guide (2', pivoted at 4 in the boss 6 which is integral with the yoke (2 made fast on the spindle 6 supported by and turning in the frame A. r

j is a bracket rigidly secured to the inner end of the sliding support for the purpose of limiting the movement, of the cuttenframe toward the pattern, and is provided withla roll f, which bears against the edge of the lower form R for thepurposo of reducing the friction at that point. This is accomplished by means of a spring f the. outer end of which is secured by a pin f'" (see Figs. 7 and 8) to the slide 2 and the inner end to a gear said slide, the gear f engaging the rackf'on the guide c.

The guide e is provided with a projection g, to which is pivotallysecured a link g, bent horizontally and vertically, as shown, (see. Figs. 1, 6, 7, and 8,) said link being pivotally secured at its opposite ends to the cam-lever g pivoted at g to a bracket bolted at g to the bed A. This cam-lever carries on its upper surface the roll g whiciris engaged by the cam-groove h (see broken linesin Fig. Ty) on the under side of the cam-wheel h, keyed to the shaft Y which is carried by the box Y Fig. l, as above described. This motion is for the purpose of swinging the its cuttersa b, in the arc of a circle in order that the product of the two motionsviz., that last mentioned and the slid ing in straight lines of the support e. produced by the spring, gear, and rack f f f -may be such as to keep the plane of the cutter-Hades perpendicular to the normal of-the curve of the periphery of the rotating pattern at the point Where the cutter is in contact with it, as above mentioned. 7

Integral with the yoke c is a cam-lever e Figs. 7 and 8, having at its outer end a roll a, which en gages with the cam-groove e in the cam-wheel a, made fast on the shaft Y By this means at the time that the blank is being fed in the yoke is swung to one side, thus carrying the guide e, cutter-frame, and cutters to one side in order that they may notinterfere with the blank before the upper form has descended and clamped said blank. 73, Fig. 6, is a bell-crank lever pivoted at t" to the guide 6. i The lower or horizontalarm of this lever i is pivotally secured to the upper end of the rod "i which extends through the pivot of the guide e and is provided with a foot resting on the inclined surface of the bracket '2", secured to the frame. (See Figs. 6 and 6.) i

i is a spring upon the rod '5 which when the yoke e is swung to one side so that the foot i slips off the surface of the bracket, forces the rod 1' down, and hence the lower arm of the bell-crank i, so that the upper arm is carried forward and caused to bind against the under side of the support 6 and prevent it from sliding toward the pattern until released by the footyi being re-establishedin its position upon the bracket '6 when the several parts return to the position shown in Fig. 6.

The upper end of the bell-crank may be serrated or provided with teeth, if desired, in order to assist its hold opih nnder side of It now remains for the machine to remove the finished sole or other article from the form and also the scraps-4'. e., the parts out from the blank in making the finishedartiole. The mechanism for this purpose isillustrated in Figs. 2 and 4 and in detail in Figs. 16 to 19, inclusive The gearewheel V is provided on its outer face with the cam-groove k, which engages a suitable roller on the vertical cam-lever k, the lower end of which is pivoted at Fig. 2, to the foot A The, upper end of this cam- .lever is pivotally secured to the lengthwiseadjustable link Z, having its opposite end pivotally secured to, the crank l, which is fast on the shaft P. This shaft is supported in a boss m upon the upper-face ofthe slidem',

provided with two pins Z This slide noves on the'guide-barmi which is supported by r the portionA of the frame A. The throw of the crank Z is limited by the two pins Z As the cam-lever k is actuated by the cam-wheel; its upper end, by means of the adjustable link 1, moves the crank Z until it strikes the proper pin Z and then by means of said crank and pin moves the slide m' on the guidingbar m Rigidly secured to the opposite end of the shaft Z is the finger m, the hub of which is provided with teeth m. These teeth engage similar teeth n on the hub of the finger n, which is pivoted at n on the-lower end of the yoke n shaft Z oscillates 'by means of the above-described movement of the crank if the fingers m and '12, close at the end of the forward throw of the slide at and open at the end of its backward throw. The yoke 10. is pivoted on the slide m concentrically with the shaft Z (see Fig. 1-7,) andis held normally in a vertical position by means of an eye-rod a, provided with a spring a and secured at one end to said yoke, said eye-rod and spring holding said yoke normally against the bracket m on the slide m. Furthermore, the yoke is provided with the spring-latch q, having the ordinary spring q.

dard g which is rigidly securedtothe Thus it will be seen'that asthe' 51s a trip-piece supported by the bracket Or "tan

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