US4331768A - Earthenware-appearing glazes for dinnerware - Google Patents
Earthenware-appearing glazes for dinnerware Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4331768A US4331768A US06/243,460 US24346081A US4331768A US 4331768 A US4331768 A US 4331768A US 24346081 A US24346081 A US 24346081A US 4331768 A US4331768 A US 4331768A
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- US
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- glaze
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- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052571 earthenware Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 20
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910018404 Al2 O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910004742 Na2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 231100000701 toxic element Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052572 stoneware Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910017344 Fe2 O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000003166 Opuntia robusta Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000218514 Opuntia robusta Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002196 Pyroceram Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006121 base glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006105 batch ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001597 celsian Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- -1 e.g. Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005816 glass manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002241 glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006060 molten glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036651 mood Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052664 nepheline Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010434 nepheline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005373 porous glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/02—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form
- C03C8/10—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form containing lead
- C03C8/12—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form containing lead containing titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/02—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form
- C03C8/10—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form containing lead
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/14—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/14—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions
- C03C8/20—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions containing titanium compounds; containing zirconium compounds
Definitions
- Lead-containing glazes have been employed for many years to decorate ceramic bodies with bright, glossy finishes. Most commonly, the glazes are fritted, mixed with a vehicle and, frequently, a binder and deflocculant, and the resultant slurry sprayed or otherwise applied to the surface of the ceramic body. But, to achieve the desired earthenware, stoneware, and/or ironstone appearance, it has been necessary to modify the bright, lead-containing glazes to impart a semi-gloss or even a matte finish thereto while developing a speckled brown hue therein. What has been deemed most desirable is a matte or semi-gloss finish in a warm, off-white color with flecks of a warm brown hue distributed throughout. Nevertheless, inasmuch as the dinnerware may be the object of further decoration, for example, the application of the logo of a restaurant thereon, the color and flecks cannot be so pronounced as to detract attention from that focal point.
- crystallites may deplete the frit of a vital constituent, e.g., SiO 2 , as in the formation of calcium silicate, or it may cause the dilution of the glaze composition with a material which lowers the inherent chemical durability thereof, e.g., ZnO.
- a vital constituent e.g., SiO 2
- a material which lowers the inherent chemical durability thereof e.g., ZnO.
- a speckled appearance has been imparted to glazes in the past via the incorporation of large ( ⁇ 150 microns) particles of Fe 2 O 3 , MnO 2 , or "brown glass" which have been coated with an organic plastic to retain them in suspension in the frit slurry, the frit particles conventionally passing a No. 200 U.S. Standard Sieve (74 microns).
- the large particles are admixed with the glaze slurry at the conclusion of the mixing/melting operations so as to retain their dimensional integrity.
- the particles are relatively inert in the fused glaze. However, their large size precludes the development of a smooth glazed surface.
- the principal objective of the instant invention is to develop a glaze exhibiting a matte finish, but having a smooth surface, and demonstrating a warm, light brown color with an appealing, deep brown speckled effect.
- the glaze will also manifest good chemical durability and very low loss of toxic elements during use in contact with acids and alkalies.
- That objective can be accomplished through the inclusion of stringently-controlled amounts of MnO 2 , TiO 2 , and SnO 2 in strictly limited, lead-containing, base glaze compositions.
- the frit Upon firing, the frit matures to a smooth glaze while very small crystallites of rutile and cassiterite are grown in situ to produce a matte finish without disturbing the chemically durable composition of the base glass.
- the TiO 2 and SnO 2 are sufficiently insoluble in the fused glaze such that they do not degrade the properties thereof.
- the MnO 2 is slightly soluble in the glaze and, because it is an extremely powerful colorant, it will impart an overall light tan tint to the base glaze with localized areas of deep brown color which provide a speckled appearance. Because the amount of MnO 2 effective to accomplish those phenomena is so small, the physical and chemical properties of the glaze are virtually unchanged thereby.
- the base frit compositions consist essentially, as expressed in weight percent on the oxide basis, of about
- TiO 2 and SnO 2 each in amounts of about 4-8% by weight, the total thereof being between about 10-14%, will be added to the base frit as will about 0.025-0.04% MnO 2 .
- both the frit and the additives can be utilized in particle sizes passing a No. 200 U.S. Standard Sieve.
- the combination may be milled to a finer average particle size. Nevertheless, excessive milling reduces the particle size of the MnO 2 to such an extent that the desired deep brown specks will be lost. Accordingly, an average particle size of about 10 microns appears to constitute a practical minimum.
- the base frit can be compounded from conventional glassmaking ingredients and melted. Because the glass will be utilized in the form of a fine frit, the molten glass may be conveniently poured as a fine stream into a bath of water. The resulting small pieces of glass can then be milled to pass a No. 200 U.S. Standard Sieve.
- the TiO 2 , SnO 2 , and MnO 2 are admixed therewith along with, optionally, fillers such as clay. Frequently, a small amount ( ⁇ 5%) of an organic binding agent, such as sugar, will be admixed with the remainder of the formulation.
- a water slurry of the glaze commonly containing about 25-30% by weight water, will be prepared for spraying or other means of application.
- Organic vehicles may be employed, but to no extra advantage to offset the increased cost thereof.
- the coated substrate is dried to remove the bulk of the vehicle and then fired at about 975°-1075° C. for a sufficient length of time to yield a smooth, non-porous glazed surface.
- the preferred frit compositions consist essentially, as expressed in weight percent on the oxide basis, of about
- the following table reports several frit compositions, expressed in terms of parts by weight on the oxide basis, illustrating the invention. Because it is not known with which cation the fluoride is combined and because the quantity thereof is quite small, it is simply tabulated as fluoride, in accordance with customary glass analysis practice.
- the actual batch ingredients may comprise any materials, either the oxide or other compound, which, when melted together, will be converted into the desired oxide in the proper proportions.
- the degree of fired flow and the thermal expansion of the final glaze can be adjusted through the incorporation of fillers.
- the amount of filler used will obviously depend upon the nature thereof since adverse effects upon the base formulation must be avoided. Clay is useful in that it acts as a deflocculant. In general, no more than about 5% total of fillers will be incorporated.
- the frit, TiO 2 , SnO 2 , MnO 2 , and, optionally, a binding agent and filler will conveniently be mixed together utilizing wet blending to form a homogeneous slurry. If desired, the mixture can be milled together to reduce the particle sizes thereof to an even greater extent in order to further improve the homogeneity of the slurry. It will be appreciated, as was observed above, that wet blending is not vital. Thus, the solid components can be dry blended and then admixed into the vehicle.
- a slurry was prepared from each of those mixtures containing about 27% distilled water.
- Two of the plates were fired at 1000° C. and one each at 975° C. and 1025° C. for 60 minutes.
- the frit mixtures which had been milled the additional five hours yielded glazes which appeared to be very slightly smoother than those milled "conventionally".
- the glazes fired at 1025° C. seemed to be a little smoother but the glazes on all eight plates were very satisfactory and exhibited the desired earthenware appearance.
- the coefficient of thermal expansion (25°-300° C.) was measured on the glaze material by pressing the frit mixture into bars, heating the pressed bars to about 950° C. for 15 minutes to form an integral body, and thereafter cooling the bars to room temperature. An average value of about 60 ⁇ 10 -7 /°C. was determined.
- the stain could be readily removed from the glaze surface using a cloth dampened with the SUPER SOILAX® brand detergent, thereby indicating the essential lack of any porosity being developed via attack by the detergent. There was no noticeable change in the color of the glaze and the gloss thereof appeared to be virtually intact.
- a measurement of heavy metal (cadmium and lead) release was derived utilizing the test method developed by the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) and the American National Standard Institute (ANSI), entitled LEAD AND CADMIUM EXTRACTED FROM CERAMIC SURFACES, and designated ANSI/ASTM C 738-78.
- the release of lead was measured at about 0.7 parts per million (ppm) and the release of cadmium at about 0.07 ppm. Those values are about one order of magnitude lower than the maximum levels permitted by the Federal Food and Drug Administration (7 ppm lead and 0.5 ppm cadmium).
- the glaze manifests a lower coefficient of thermal expansion than the plate material, the glaze behaves as a surface compression layer, thereby providing a composite body exhibiting a greater mechanical strength than the plate alone.
- the inventive glazes demonstrate excellent resistance to detergents, lead and cadmium release values below 7 ppm and 0.5 ppm, respectively, and will customarily exhibit coefficients of thermal exapansion (25°-300° C.) between about 60-70 ⁇ 10 -7 /°C.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
______________________________________
Description
______________________________________ SiO.sub.2 37-49 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 4-7 B.sub.2 O.sub.3 6.5-11 ZrO.sub.2 0-1.75 Na.sub.2 O 1.75-3.5 K.sub.2 O 0.75-2.5 PbO 21-32 CdO 0-0.75 CaO 1-9 TiO.sub.2 0-0.35 F 0-0.6 ______________________________________
______________________________________ SiO.sub.2 47-49 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 4.5-5.5 B.sub.2 O.sub.3 6.5-7.5 ZrO.sub.2 0.75-1.75 Na.sub.2 O 1.75-2.75 K.sub.2 O 0.75-1.5 PbO 27.5-29.5 CdO 0.2-0.5 CaO 5.75-7 TiO.sub.2 0.05-0.35 F 0.2-0.6 ______________________________________
______________________________________ <1% >80 microns 2% 65-80 microns 38% 20-65 microns 60% 3-20 microns <1% <3 microns ______________________________________
TABLE __________________________________________________________________________ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 __________________________________________________________________________ SiO.sub.2 48.0 48.0 45.8 41.8 41.8 41.8 41.8 41.8 37.8 37.8 45.8 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 5.0 6.4 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 B.sub.2 O.sub.3 7.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 ZrO.sub.2 1.2 0.8 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Li.sub.2 O -- -- 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 Na.sub.2 O 2.0 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 K.sub.2 O 0.8 1.2 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 CaO 6.3 8.7 3.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 3.0 1.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 SrO -- -- -- -- 1.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 4.0 -- -- BaO -- -- -- -- 2.0 4.0 8.0 12.0 -- 4.0 -- CdO 0.4 0.3 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- PbO 28.4 21.6 31.0 31.0 29.0 27.0 23.0 19.0 31.0 31.0 27.0 F 0.4 0.4 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- __________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________ Frit 80.97 SnO.sub.2 6.00 TiO.sub.2 6.00 MnO.sub.2 0.032 Clay 3.50 Sugar 3.50 ______________________________________
Claims (8)
______________________________________ SiO.sub.2 37-49 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 4-7 B.sub.2 O.sub.3 6.5-11 ZrO.sub.2 0-1.75 Na.sub.2 O 1.75-3.5 K.sub.2 O 0.75-2.5 PbO 21-32 CdO 0-0.75 CaO 1-9 TiO.sub.2 0-0.35 F 0-0.6 ______________________________________
______________________________________ SiO.sub.2 47-49 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 4.5-5.5 B.sub.2 O.sub.3 6.5-7.5 ZrO.sub.2 0.75-1.75 Na.sub.2 O 1.75-2.75 K.sub.2 O 0.75-1.5 PbO 27.5-29.5 CdO 0.2-0.5 CaO 5.75-7 TiO.sub.2 0.05-0.35 F 0.2-0.6 ______________________________________
______________________________________ SiO.sub.2 37-49 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 4-7 B.sub.2 O.sub.3 6.5-11 ZrO.sub.2 0-1.75 Na.sub.2 O 1.75-3.5 K.sub.2 O 0.75-2.5 PbO 21-32 CdO 0-0.75 CaO 1-9 TiO.sub.2 0-0.35 F 0-0.6 ______________________________________
______________________________________ SiO.sub.2 47-49 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 4.5-5.5 B.sub.2 O.sub.3 6.5-7.5 ZrO.sub.2 0.75-1.75 Na.sub.2 O 1.75-2.75 K.sub.2 O 0.75-1.5 PbO 27.5-29.5 CdO 0.2-0.5 CaO 5.75-7 TiO.sub.2 0.05-0.35 F 0.2-0.6 ______________________________________
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/243,460 US4331768A (en) | 1981-03-13 | 1981-03-13 | Earthenware-appearing glazes for dinnerware |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/243,460 US4331768A (en) | 1981-03-13 | 1981-03-13 | Earthenware-appearing glazes for dinnerware |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US4331768A true US4331768A (en) | 1982-05-25 |
Family
ID=22918852
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US06/243,460 Expired - Lifetime US4331768A (en) | 1981-03-13 | 1981-03-13 | Earthenware-appearing glazes for dinnerware |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US4331768A (en) |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4501778A (en) * | 1983-05-06 | 1985-02-26 | Degussa Aktiengesellschaft | Metal effect glazes for ceramic bases |
US4532221A (en) * | 1983-06-15 | 1985-07-30 | Corning Glass Works | Decorative enamel for glass-ceramics having low coefficients of thermal expansion |
US4582760A (en) * | 1985-05-20 | 1986-04-15 | Corning Glass Works | Glazes for glass-ceramic articles |
GB2216887A (en) * | 1987-12-26 | 1989-10-18 | Central Glass Co Ltd | Sintered glass body with opaquely mottled pattern and method of producing same |
US5238881A (en) * | 1988-11-09 | 1993-08-24 | Engelhard Corporation | Stable color dispersions, their preparation and use in ceramic glazes |
US6387513B1 (en) * | 1996-12-12 | 2002-05-14 | Saint Gobain Vitrage | Process for enamelling glass substrates, enamel composition used and products obtained |
WO2004031087A1 (en) * | 2002-10-07 | 2004-04-15 | Serel Seramik Sanayi Ve Ticaret A.Ş. | Ceramic glaze surface coating |
RU2642755C1 (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2018-01-25 | Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина | Glaze |
US20180155251A1 (en) * | 2016-12-04 | 2018-06-07 | Thomas P. Malitas | Pre-form bonding agent for making vitrified products |
CN115231826A (en) * | 2022-09-21 | 2022-10-25 | 新明珠集团股份有限公司 | Raw stone glaze, raw stone ceramic tile and preparation method thereof |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2225160A (en) * | 1937-03-17 | 1940-12-17 | Du Pont | Opaque white glaze for decorating glassware |
US3862844A (en) * | 1972-11-03 | 1975-01-28 | Ceramic Color & Chemical Manuf | SnO{HD 2 {B containing lead silicate glass having a low melting point |
US4008091A (en) * | 1975-03-19 | 1977-02-15 | Deutsche Gold- Und Silber-Scheideanstalt Vormals Roessler | Process for the production of firing stable yellow to red glaze mixtures |
US4158080A (en) * | 1978-10-10 | 1979-06-12 | Corning Glass Works | Glass enamel fluxes |
US4158081A (en) * | 1978-10-10 | 1979-06-12 | Corning Glass Works | Vitreous enamel flux and enamel coated article |
-
1981
- 1981-03-13 US US06/243,460 patent/US4331768A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2225160A (en) * | 1937-03-17 | 1940-12-17 | Du Pont | Opaque white glaze for decorating glassware |
US3862844A (en) * | 1972-11-03 | 1975-01-28 | Ceramic Color & Chemical Manuf | SnO{HD 2 {B containing lead silicate glass having a low melting point |
US4008091A (en) * | 1975-03-19 | 1977-02-15 | Deutsche Gold- Und Silber-Scheideanstalt Vormals Roessler | Process for the production of firing stable yellow to red glaze mixtures |
US4158080A (en) * | 1978-10-10 | 1979-06-12 | Corning Glass Works | Glass enamel fluxes |
US4158081A (en) * | 1978-10-10 | 1979-06-12 | Corning Glass Works | Vitreous enamel flux and enamel coated article |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
Parmelee, C. W.--Ceramic Glazes--Industrial Publications, Chicago, Ill. (1951) p. 236. * |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4501778A (en) * | 1983-05-06 | 1985-02-26 | Degussa Aktiengesellschaft | Metal effect glazes for ceramic bases |
US4532221A (en) * | 1983-06-15 | 1985-07-30 | Corning Glass Works | Decorative enamel for glass-ceramics having low coefficients of thermal expansion |
US4582760A (en) * | 1985-05-20 | 1986-04-15 | Corning Glass Works | Glazes for glass-ceramic articles |
EP0202750A2 (en) * | 1985-05-20 | 1986-11-26 | Corning Glass Works | Glazes for glass-ceramic articles |
EP0202750A3 (en) * | 1985-05-20 | 1987-05-13 | Corning Glass Works | Glazes for glass-ceramic articles |
US5010042A (en) * | 1987-12-26 | 1991-04-23 | Central Glass Company, Limited | Sintered glass body with opaquely mottled pattern and method of producing same |
GB2216887A (en) * | 1987-12-26 | 1989-10-18 | Central Glass Co Ltd | Sintered glass body with opaquely mottled pattern and method of producing same |
US5238881A (en) * | 1988-11-09 | 1993-08-24 | Engelhard Corporation | Stable color dispersions, their preparation and use in ceramic glazes |
US6387513B1 (en) * | 1996-12-12 | 2002-05-14 | Saint Gobain Vitrage | Process for enamelling glass substrates, enamel composition used and products obtained |
WO2004031087A1 (en) * | 2002-10-07 | 2004-04-15 | Serel Seramik Sanayi Ve Ticaret A.Ş. | Ceramic glaze surface coating |
GB2411171A (en) * | 2002-10-07 | 2005-08-24 | Serel Seramik Sanayi Ve Ticare | Ceramic glaze surface coating |
GB2411171B (en) * | 2002-10-07 | 2007-03-07 | Serel Seramik Sanayi Ve Ticare | Ceramic glaze surface coating |
US20180155251A1 (en) * | 2016-12-04 | 2018-06-07 | Thomas P. Malitas | Pre-form bonding agent for making vitrified products |
RU2642755C1 (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2018-01-25 | Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина | Glaze |
CN115231826A (en) * | 2022-09-21 | 2022-10-25 | 新明珠集团股份有限公司 | Raw stone glaze, raw stone ceramic tile and preparation method thereof |
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