US433082A - jones - Google Patents

Description

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' P. W. JONES.

DYNAMO TELEGRAPHY.

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F. W. JONES. DYNAMO TELEGRAPHY. No. 433,082. latented July 29, 1890.

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F. W. JONES.

DYNAMO TELEGRAPHY.

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F. W. JONES.

DYNAMO TELEGRAPHY. No. 433.082. Patented July 29, 1890.

(No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 6.' P. W. JONES.

4 DYNAMO TELEGRAPHY. No. 433,082. Patented July 29, 1890.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FRANCIS XV. JONES, OF NEXV YORK, N. Y.

DYNAMO-TELEGRAPHY.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 433,082, dated July 29, 1890.

Application filed June 11,1889. Serial No. 313,918. (No model.)

To aZZ whont it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANCIS W. JONES, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Dynamo-Telegraphy, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to arrangements of circuits and apparatus at a telegraph-office, and is of utility especially in those cases where the local and branch or loop circuits leading to branch offices are supplied with current from dynamo-machines.

The object of my invention is to provide a means whereby branch lines may be readily connected to local circuits, or local circuits may be interconnected, and the potential of the source feeding the lines may be automatically adjusted to the varied conditions occurring with the various connections.

The object of my invention is also to avoid the danger of damage to apparatus in local circuits from heavy currents passing from main lines to earth at the telegraph-station.

My invention consists in the combination, with a spring-jack of any usual construction, of asupplemental or auxiliary switch actuated by the wedge of the spring-jack and hating contacts of different potential adapted, respectively, to the resistance of the normal local circuit and to the added resistance of the branch or loop line to be connected to the local, whereby on insertion of the wedge the switch may be automaticallychanged to connect the circuit to a source of diiferent potential, as will be hereinafter set forth.

Myinvention consists, further, in the combination,broadly, with anyspring-jack, of an electric switch actuated by the spring-jack wedge and electric apparatus of any description in a connection between the switch and jack and in a circuit formed normally through the switch and spring-jack, wherebyon insertion of the spring-jack the connections of such circuit at the switch shall be automatically and simultaneously changed for any purpose.

My invention consists, also, in the particular combinations of apparatus and circuits, hereinafter described in connection with the accompanying drawings, and then claimed.

In the accom panyin g drawings, Figure l is a general diagram of circuits and apparatus embodying my invention. Figs.2and 3 illustrate the condition of parts of the apparatus when a local circuit is connected to a branch or loop circuit. Fig. etis a diagram illustrat ing the connection of local circuits of a duplex or quadruplex telegraph apparatus for the purpose of repeating from one line to another. Fig. 5 illustrates two sets of quadruplex telegraphs connected so that one line may repeat to the other, and shows, also, a branch-office line connected at the same time into the local circuits, so as to form in eltect extensions of the sending and receiving 10- cals. Fig. 6 illustrates a modification in the manner of securing a difference of potential at the contacts of the switch connected to the local circuit. Figs. 7 and 8 show, in side elevation and plan, respectively, modifications in the mechanical construction of the spring jack. Figs. 9 and 10 show, in side elevation and plan, respectively, another modification. Fig. 11 shows a further modification in the manner of controlling the circuits of a resistance to secure difference of potential at the switch connected to the local circuit. Fig. 12 illustrates, in side elevation, a further mechanical variation in the construction of the spring-jack. Fig. 13 illustrates a modification in the spring-jack plug or wedge and the circuit connect-ed thereto. Fig. 14 is a vertical section through one of the artificial resistance-tubes.

A and B indicate the local apparatus in the local sending and receiving circuits of two sets of duplex or quadruplex apparatus. Eachset may be either that for the number one or number two side of a quadruplex telegraph. the relays and transmitters 011 such sets are omitted for the sake of clearness.

In each set A B, R I indicates a relay; S, a sounder; T, the electro-magnet which operates the lever of a transmitter controlling the main-line current, and K a key in the local circuit with the electro-magnet of the transmitter T. The local containing the instruments S R is the receiving local, and thelocal containing the instruments '1 K is the sending local, of each set. The circuit for each sending or transmitting local is completed on The main lines and connections with one side through the contact-jaws a b of a spring-jack of any usual or suitable construction, a being the fixed jaw to which one end of the local circuit is connected to earth, and b the movable jaw which is connected to earth or to a return-circuit. The other terminal of each local circuit connects with a switch 0, adapted to be operated by the insertion of a wedge between the jaws of the spring-jack.

The switch C may be of any desired construction, its purpose being simply to change the potential of the current supplied to the local circuit passing through the spring-jack jaws, or,' in case a wedge is inserted, tolsuch circuit passing through the conductor con nected to the wedge. A simple form of switch consists simply of a spring mounted on the spring-jack lever, but insulated therefrom and adapted to play between two contactstops 0 cl, which I propose to make of different potential by connecting them to dynamo sources of different electro-motive forces. As will be presently described this difference of potential may be secured by cutting out or in artificial resistances. The normal contact, as c, of each switch 0 connects through an artificial resistance R the purpose of which is te reduce the current supplied to the local circuit, so that the amount of current shall be, say, two-tenths of an ampere, more orless, as

' desired, but shall in any case be not so great as to injuriously heat the apparatus. Each resistance R to which a contact 0 is connected, is connected at its opposite terminal to a bar or conductor D, secured beneath a suitable board and in turn connected directly or indirectly with one of a bank of dynamos F. In the presentinstance I have illustrated this connection as being made throughone of a series of main conductors G, which in this case are supposed to connect a station at which the dynamos F are located with the office at which the telegraph apparatus is located. The wires shown connecting the bars D with the conductors G are in this case simple leader-wires. The opposite contacts (Z of the switches 0 connect to the bars G2 of a switch board. Opposite each bar G2 are placed a number of conductorblocks g, adapted to be connected to bars G by the insertion of plugs. The lower blocks gof the several switch-bars G2 are shown so connected. The blocks g are connected through resistances R with'the dynamos or with conductors G,.which derive current from such dynamos. The various dynamos of the bank F are preferably of different potential, as indicated by the letters 48 24: 12 6" 2 the figures indicating the number of volts potential of each.

The resistances R in the several circuits are of different value, depending upon the volts potential of the machine in whose circuit they are placed, the design being in any case to cut down the current to the particu lar requirements of each of the several circuits connected to the same dynamo. By means of the switch-board described the higher potential dynamos may be changed to any spring-jack by suitable blocks. Thus, for instance, while the two-volt machine regularly supplies the normal points of the switches O to work the locals when each has its circuit completed independently of the others or of branch circuits, the other point of the switch C may be connected, by means of the switch-bars and pegs, to either of the dynamos of greater potential, according to the current required for the particular branch wire to be connected.

S R indicate respectively the sounder and the relay of a single Morse wire. The sounder and the relay contacts are in a local-circuit conductor from one of the resistances in the connection to the '[WO-S'Oli] machine, and the connection is made, as shown, from the resistance through the sounder to the front contact of the relay. The relay-lever itself is connected directly to earth or to a return-wire. The purpose of this is to provide for the case of an accidental connection between the core of a relay and the main line helix, and a simultaneous connection of the armaturelever with the core, as frequently happens by adjustment of the core against the armature. In this condition, if a heavy current should pass over the main line and through the heli xas, for instance, acurrent of lightningsuch current would pass directly to earth by way of the core and armature instead of'passing over the local circuit and through the local dynamos to earth, as it might do if the order of connections were reversed and the relay-armature were connected to such local dynamo while its front stop were connected to earth. H H are bars of spring-jack wedges connected by a flexible co1;d. Each wedge is provided with a live or conducting and a dead or insulating length at the ends which are adapted to be inserted between the jaws of the spring-jack.

I indicates abran ch ofiice, from which wires 10 and 11 lead to the main office, said wires terminating, respectively, in other spring-jack wedges H H similar to those just mentioned and adapted for insertion in thejaws of each spring-jack. The wire 10 includes at the branch office an ordinary sounder, and is the wire for the receiving side of a duplex or quadruplex telegraph. The wire 11, including at the branch office a key and sounder, is the wire for the sending side, and is adapted, by means of its plug H to be connected at pleasure to the local sending-circuit of a duplex or quadruplex, so that said sending-wire will form in effect an extension of the local circuit, including the instruments K T. Under such conditions of connection it will ofcourse be understood that the local circuit is closed by the operator who manipulates the key K. The means for so closing it is the ordinary switch connected with each key.

WVith the set E, I have shown other switches L L The switch Lis an ordinary two-point switch interposed between one side of the 10- cal circuit and the switch O, and forming in effect a switch by which the local circuit may be grounded and at the same time disconnected from the switch 0 and the dynamo. The switch L is a switch in the ground or return connection from the movable jaw of the spiingjack. Its office is to open such connections under conditions to be presently described. The movable spring-jack jaw connects also, as shown,with a point of the switch L, such connection being in fact that which puts the switch L in connection with the ground through switch L By the connections of the switch C (indicated in Fig. l and alreadydescribed) itis obvious that through point e the local circuit passing through the spring-jack may be in connection with a dynamo source of one potential, and through the eontact-point (Z of said switch it may be put in connection with a dynamo of different potential-as, for instance, the six-volt machine-or, by properly changing the connections on the switch-board, may, through a block g near the strip G be placed in connection with a source of even higher potential, according to the length and resistance of the branch circuit leading to the branch office, or according to the length and resistance of any other circuit which is to be made a continuation of the local circuit normally passing through the jaws of the spring-jack.

In the normal condition of the several spring-jack switches it will be seen that each dynamo-circuit passing through a switch G is completed through the local circuit and the jaws of a spring-jack to earth. In order to connect a branch oflice to the local circuits of a duplex or quadruplex set so that such branch oflice shall receive a message and be able to transmit a message in the same way as the main office, it is only necessary to insert the plug ll ll of the wires 10 11 into the spring-jack jaws of either set A or B, as indicated in Figs. 2 and 3.

In Fig. 2 the branch ofiice is shown connected to set A. In this case the insertion of the wedges operates the switches C, thus changing the connection of the local circuit to a dynamo of higher potential adapted to the increased resistance introduced by the connection of the branch line. The circuit of the six-voltdynamois now in eaehinstanee through the contact-stop (Z, switch 0, sounder and relay contacts, and block a of the springjack to the conducting side of the spring-jack wedge, and thence by the branch or local office wire to earth. The conducting side of each wedge breaks the direct connection to earth for the local circuit. If the connection of the branch oflice is to be made with a set B, having the switches L L such switches are left in their normal position, and the condition of the circuits and apparatus is as indicated in Fig. 3. If it is desired to connect two sets of duplex or quadruplex telegraphs so that the message received from one point may be retransmitted automatically to another through the sets of duplex or quadruplex connected, the spring-jack blocks 11 H are inserted in the several spring-jacks in the manner indicated in Fig. 4, and the switches L, of one set are changed so as to place one side of the local circuits of such set into di rect connection with the earth or return-wire, instead of leaving them in connection with their dynamo-machines and with the substitute dynamo, which is placed in connection with the local circuit by the action of the wedge H The circuits of the two sets under these conditions may be readily traced as follows: The transmitting-local for setAis connected with a six-volt dynamoand the circuit passes by wedge H, inserted into the springjack for such local to the spring-jack H of the receiving-local for set 13, thence to the switch L of such set, and to earth. The additional potential'of the six-volt dynamo substituted by the insertion of the wedge II now supplies the local of increased resistance, consisting of. the two locals and the connectingwires. In the same manner the receivinglocal of the set A forms circuit through the transmitting-local of the set B, directly to earth. By this arrangement one set may repeat to another.

If it be desired that the condition of Fig. 4 be maintained and that at the same time the branch otfice may receive the message repeated from one set to the other, the wedges H II of the branch-oflice lines are inserted in addition, after the manner indicated in Fig. 5, and the switches L are turned to break the ground connection from the spring-jack lever. The switches L are maintained in the position shown as forminga connection from thespringjack lever to the local circuit. If it be supposed that the sets A B are at an oflice-say, New York-and that set A is connected to Philadelphia while set E is connected to Bos ton, then with the wedges H 11 inserted as shown the branch oflice will receive the message repeated from Boston to Philadelphia through the local apparatus. The circuit 'for the sending side of the branch ofiice will then bestarting from the signal side of the ofiice Afrom a six-volt, dynamo through the receiving-local of set A by way of the connected wedges to the transmitting-local of the set B, to switch L, to the spring-jack lever, to the conducting side of wedge H and to and through the branch office. The re ceiving side will be in the local circuit formed through the sending side of set A and the receiving side of set 13 in a similar way, the branch line forming the receiving side being made in effect an extension of the connected locals of A and B through the contact of the conducting side of the wedge H with the spring-jack jaw, a condition made possible by the turning of the switch L to break the direct ground connection from one side of the lever through the switch L, and it exists in the arrangement shown in Fig. 4.

The adjustment of potential, secured automatically by the operation of the switch 0 when the wedge is inserted, might be obtained with the arrangement shown in Fig. 6, where the two points of the switch are connected with the same dynamo, but through paths of different resistance, the point 0 being connected through an artificial resistance R of some considerable amount, and'point d being connected directly with the dynamo. In the condition shown it is obvious that the potential at the point 0, when the local circuit is completed directly through the spring-jackjaws, is less than it is when the branch circuit is connected as an extension of said local and the switch is at the same time turned to the point (I, which, being connected directly to the dynamo, is of greater potential. It is obvious also that the same effect might be obtained by simply shunting out resistance after the manner indicated in Fig. 11, the point 01 being connected to the dynamo independently of the resistance R which latter is constantly in circuit, but is shunted when the wedge is inserted.

Other mechanical constructions of springjack and switch might be used-as, for instance, such as that indicated in Fig. 12,where the switch C is a spring placed in position to be engaged by the wedge directly and to have a contact carried by said spring 0 forced over against a contact d, by means of which the resistance is shunted.

Another mechanical construction adapted to the purpose is indicated in Figs. 7 and 8, where the switch-lever O is aseparate lever of insulating material pivoted beside the springjack lever and adapted to be engaged by the wedge on insertion for operating the springjack, or such switch 0 might consist of a spring carried directly by the spring-jack lever on the side thereof, as shown in Figs. 9 and 10, andadapted to play between the two contactstops 0 d, which in this instance would be reversed in position from the position indicated in Fig. 1.

While my construction of spring-jack and switch and connections of the same are es- I pecially useful in those cases where telegraph apparatus is. included in the circuit formed through the switch and spring-jack, I do not limit myself to such use of the same, but design to include any apparatus placed in the said connection and employed under conditions where it is desirable to include the same at pleasure in connection with another circuit of added or difierent resistance or requirements.

A convenient way of mounting the artificial resistance R is shown in Fig. 14. The resistance-wire may be made of German sil- Ver and is double wound, as indicated, to remove self-induction. It is wound upon a tube of tin open at the top and having ventilating-openings near its bottom, as indicated at t, which permit the ingress of air and circulation of the same to the interior of the ing-post Q may be attached at pleasure the leading-wires, which are carried to the switchboard. The bindingpost P is in direct electrical connection through the board with the conductor D,which extends beneath the same and to which the binding-post of the other resistances upon the same board are simultaneously connected.

What I claim as my invention is 1. In an electric switch, the combination, with the spring-jack, of a supplemental switch connected to the normally-open contact-point and arranged, upon insertion of the wedge, to place in circuit generators of varying potential, and one or more wedges, to which are connected loops, relaying-circuits, and branch circuits, arranged to automatically cut out grounds and extend the circuit, all substantially as shown and described.

2. The combination, with a spring-jack, of a supplemental switch device actuated by the spring-jack wedge and having two contacts of diiferent potential, as and for the purpose described.

3. The combination, with a spring-jack, of a supplemental switch actuated by the springjack wedge and sources of electricity of different electro-mot-ive force connected to different contacts of said switch.

4. In an electric switch, the combination, with a spring-jack, of resistances electrically connected in circuit between said jack and the generator while said jack is in a normal condition,and a wedge arranged to insert additional circuits and at the same time cause said spring-jack to close on a contact-point connected directly to the generator, thus antomatically cutting out said resistances, substantially as shown and described.

5. In a dynamo-telegraph system, the combination, with local receiving and transmitting circuits containing, respectively, relaymagnets and the actuating-magnets for transmitters, of spring-jacks, through the jaws of which the said local circuits are normally completed, and pairs of spring-jack wedges electrically connected by a flexible conductor and having each live and dead sides opposite one another, as and for the purpose described.

6. The combination, substantially as described, of local receiving and transmitting circuits, of spring-jacks through which said circuits are normally completed, two-point electric switches actuated by the spring-jack wedges, generators of difierent potential connected to opposite points of the switches, and flexible conductors connecting the pairs of the spring-jack wedges.

7. The combination, with a local circuit and spring-j ack through the contact-j aws of which said local is normally completed, of a supplemental switch actuated by the spring-jack Wedge and having opposite insulated contacts, generators of different potential connected respectively to said contacts, and a branch or separate office-circuit having connection to the spring-jack wedge, as and for the purpose described.

8. In an electric switch, the combination, with the spring-jack, of an auxiliary switch,

connections from said switch to the springjack contacts and one or more wedges, all arranged to automatically change the potential of current and to change from ground to one or more extended circuits by the insertion of a wedge or Wedges, substantially as shown and described.

9. The combination, with a spring-jack, of an auxiliary two-point switch mechanically connected to a movable jaw of the jack, generators of different potential connected respectively to the switch-points, and an electrical connection from the switch to a contact of the jack containing translating devices, as and for the purpose described.

10. The combination,with a spring-jack and apparatus in a circuit normally completed through contact-jaws of the spring-jack, of a supplemental switch actuated by the springjaclc Wedge, and connected to the circuit through the spring-jack, and a branch or separate office-circuit connected to a wedge of the springjack, as and for the purpose de.- scribed.

11. The combination, with two spring-jacks normally completing the circuits of different sets of apparatus, of a grounding-switch interposed between one side of the apparatus and a generator which finds circuit normally through the apparatus and the normally-closed spring-jack contacts.

12. In an electric switching apparatus, the combination of a spring-jack normally connected to one potential,a normally-open c011- tact-point connected to a switch carrying generators of varying potential, and a wedge connected to branch circuits arranged to automatically change the relations of the circuits, with circuit making and breaking switches'L and L placed in the local circuit, substantially as shown and described.

13. The combination, with the spring-jack, of a circuit making and breaking switch in the connection from a contact of the jack to the rcturn'circuit, and connections from said contact to a switch in the circuit leading through the translating devices to the opposite contact of the spring-jack, as and for the purpose described.

14. The combination, with the grounded line containing a relay-instrument, of the local circuit also grounded and having its dynamo and receiving apparatus connected to the front steps of the relay, the relay-lever itself being connected directly to ground, as and for the purpose described.

Signed at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, this 6th day of June, A. D. 1889.

FRANCIS W. JONES.

itnesses:

WM. 11. CAPEL, THos. F. CONREY.

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