US432206A - Commutator-brush - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) A

F. MGLAUGHLIN.

GQMMU'TATOB BRUSH.

* No. 432,206. Patented July 15, 1890.

. UNITED ,STATESV PATENT' OFFICE;

JAMES F. li'lCLAUGlllilN, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

eo M M UTATOR- B Rosi-1 SPECIFICATION forming pai-t of Letters Patent No, 432,206, dated .my l15, 1890- Application filed March 19, 1890.

certain new and useful Improvements in Commutatorjllrushes, -of which the following is 'a specification. l

My invention has reference to improvements Yin collector-brushes for dynamo-electric generators and motors, the object being to render carbon brushes, which are now gem orally employed in dynamo-electric machines,

more durable withoutimpairing the general utility of suel1-b1uslies. y

It has been` found that if the collectorbrushes for dynamo-electric machines are made of' carbon the sparking heretofore 0bserved whenmetallic brushes were usedl is almost entirely avoided, owing to the perfect eontaet which a body oficarbon is capable of making with a moving surface. Collector,- brushcs of this character, however, have this disadvantage, that by reason of the lack of .homogeneity of the carbon and by reason of the brittleness of the same t-he edges of the contact-surfaces are frequently broken away, whereby the extent of contact-surface is reduced and the brush is consumed much more rapidly than would otherwise be the case. It also frequently occurs that a carbon. brush breaks away altogether betweenl its contactfa-ce and the brush-holder, and frequent renewals of new collector-brushes are therefore necessary. To obviate in a measure this lastmeutioned defect, it has been found necessary to reduce the distance between the brushholder and the face of the eommutator to a minimum, for the longer the collector-brush is the greater is the liability of its being broken ifmade of such brittle substance as carbon. lily my improvement l overcome all these objections in a Very simple manner, as will appear .from the following detailed deseiiptioinin which reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part thereof, and in which Figure l represents a perspective view of the eommutator of a dynamo-electric machine provided with a collector-brush of my iin-- proved construction. Fi v view of my improved collector-brush with the is a sectional` sereinement. uit muret) brush-holder and adjusting devices for the same, the sect-ion being' taken on line u: zu, Fig. 1.

Fig. 3'is an end view ol' the brnsh-55 holder with a pivoted frame supporting the l feeding mechanismswung open; and Fig. 'is asect-ional viewon the 1ine`y/ //,-l `ig. 3,with

the feeding' mechanism in position.`

Likek numerals-of .reference indicato like 6o parts all throughout the d awingL of 4any ordinary or 'improved 'construetion,

has, as shown in the drawings, pivoted con centriewith its avis an arm 2, which has seL cured at its free enda su pporting-rod 3, e.\` tending parallel with the axis of the commutatOr-cylinder, and upon which is adj ust'ably Secured the brush-holder fr. lt will be understood that there are devices for 'rocking the arm 2 and ixin'g it in any desired position, whereby the position of the brush with relation to' the commutator-eylinder may be adjusted in any ordinary and well-knou-'n manner.'` Such mechanism is for this reason not shown. The brushholder proper consists of a casting 4, for'med with a wide. slot 5,:ulap1rul toreceive and guide 'the eolloetor-ln'ush (3, which latter has the general outline of a' flat prislnatie plate, with its free end formed to bear at all points upon the sin-lime ol'` the c0mniuta-tor-cylinder, as usual. 'lo one end of the brush-holder is pivoted the frame 7, which supports the mechanism for feeding the brush forward, as it wears olT by use. lt consists in a bar S, having` on its outer face secured a bracket 0, and this frame when in the position shown in liigs. l, 2, and l closes one end of the slot 5, und in this position a hooked end-l0, formed at the free end of bnr oo 8, eugagesthe shank of a screw il, h vwhieh it is locked. There is a square hole formed both in the bracket Si and in the plate S, the

.two holes being in alignment, and through -be seen that by the mechanism .so 12o-de-A ICO folloiifer '14 bearing upon the rear end of the `these devices for the sake description.-

' carbon plates -With copper plates betweenl :'in any desired manner, and I do not Iherein scribed-the tension ofthe spring 15 may be adjusted' after tliebrusli 6 has been inserted into the slot 5 of the brush-holder 4, with a brush, While the' forward end of the brush bears upon the coinniutator-eylinder l. 1 n

All these devices forsupporting, adjusting, and feeding the collector-brush maybe varied claim the saine, and 'I have only illustrated of completeness of My present improvement is altogether coni'ined tothe construction -of the collectorbriish, which I will now describe. As shown in the drawings, this brush consists of alteriiate laininzie of metal I8 and of carbon I9, the carbon being preferably of a fine and uniform grain, while the metal I prefer, without,

per. I thus `assemble alternate layers of copper and carbon and secure the same together by rivets or bolts 20, and by preference the opposite wide faces of .the brush 'are fornied of' copper.v In fact, I may use a singlercarbon plate having a. copper facing-plate 18, 'ap-l plied to both broad faces.

of two carbon plates with a copper plate between them and a copper plate onjth'e outer face of each carbon plate, I preir'e'ir;y It will be' understood' that I niay use more than two thein, together with outer copper facing-plates. A collector-brush thus constructed with alternate layers of carbon and metal has the ad-l vantages of carbon and copper brushes conibined Without the disadvantages of either of them. The'good intimate Contact produced by the Simple carbon brush is also secured by linnn. La,

by agentle pressure; Y lio-Wever, being eonned te the sani'e, is cop- 'r The construction, however, shown in the drawings, consisting in y composite brush ,wliile the freedom from danger of chipping or breaking oit which is l tween its contact-face and the brush-holder, -for there isno'dangerof breaking, as inthe simple carbon brush. Y

In the drawings I have shown rivets 2O for securing -the alternate lamina; of carbon and i copper together, and in order to prevent t-lie cracking of the carbon plates by theact of riveting these rivets fw'ill preferably be niade of seine very soft iiietal, such as lead or tin; but lharder rivets may be used without (ianger of cracicii'ig or breaking the carbon if the .riveting is done by heating the rivets in place by the passage of a current of electricity through the saine and then upsetting the ends l. A eoniiniitator-brush for. 'dynaino-elecitrieinachines, consisting of valternate strips or plates of carbon-and metal, 4substantially as described',

2.' A" coniinutator-brusb4 for 'dynamo-electric machines, consisting of alternate strips or plates of copper and ca rbon, substantially as descrieed. -A 3. A commentator-brush 'for dynamoelec tric machines, consisting of a series of alter-` nate strips or platecsof carbon and metal, the

two subscribing witnesses.

JAMES F. MCLAUGIILIN. lVitncsses: i II. I?. REARDON, HERBERT l. KER.

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