US430215A - Hiram stevens maxim - Google Patents
Hiram stevens maxim Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US430215A US430215A US430215DA US430215A US 430215 A US430215 A US 430215A US 430215D A US430215D A US 430215DA US 430215 A US430215 A US 430215A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- chamber
- air
- solvents
- evaporator
- pans
- Prior art date
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- Expired - Lifetime
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- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 44
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 12
- FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N [(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-4,5-dinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)-6-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-4,5,6-trinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dinitrooxy-6-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-4-yl] nitrate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O1)O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+](=O)[O-])[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 4
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/06—Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply
- F26B21/08—Humidity
- F26B21/086—Humidity by condensing the moisture in the drying medium, which may be recycled, e.g. using a heat pump cycle
Definitions
- My invention relates to the manufacture of explosives and to apparatus therefor.
- the object of my present invention is to provide for the recovery of the whole or nearly the whole of the solvents used in the manufacture of such explosive material, and which in the drying of the said explosive material as heretofore practiced are evaporated and lost; and my said invention comprises an improved method of treating the pyroxyline or dissolved gun-cotton for this purpose.
- My said invention also comprises improved apparatus hereinafterdescribed.
- I cause heated air or other gas to pass over or in contact with the surface of the dissolved gun-cotton in a drying-chamber or evaporator, so that as the solvents are evaporated they are taken up or absorbed by the air or other gas, and I then conduct the air or other gas carrying the volatilized solvents to a cold chamber or condenser, in which the said solvents condense and from which they may be drawn off in a liquid state. I then reheat the air or other gas passing from the cold chamber and again cause it to pass through the drying-chamber or evaporator, the air or other gas being thus caused to circulate continuously through the entire apparatus.
- A is the drying-chamber or evaporator, in
- pans or trays B B which are arranged a series of pans or trays B B of any suitable shape, and preferably arranged as shown-that is to say, the said pans B B are arranged one above another and extend alternately from either side or end of the chamber A to within a short distance from the opposite side or end thereof, so that the air and vaporpassing through the said chamber must follow a circuitous path.
- the cold chamber 0 is the cold chamber or condenser, with which the upper end of the drying-chamber or evaporator A is connected by pipes D D for the passage of the vaporized solvents.
- the cold chamber or condenserO is connected by a pipe E with a heater F, for heating the air during its return to the drying or evaporating chamber-A, with the lower end of which the said heater is connected by a pipe G.
- the cold chamber 0 is placed in a tank or vessel H, through which water or other cooling-liquid is caused to flow.
- the said cold chamber is provided with a discharge-pipe J, having a stop-cock J, beneath which a bottle or other receptacle K may be placed for the reception of the liquid solvent discharged from the said chamber.
- a fan-blower L or other suitable apparatus, is provided for causing the continuous circulation of the air through the dryingchamber, the cold chamber or condenser, and the heater.
- a small pipe a is provided above each of the pans B B, for the introduction of the pyroXyline or explosive material into the said pans. These pipes a may communicate with a larger pipe or main, suitable cocks being provided where necessary.
- the cold chamber or condenser O is preferably constructed with a series of small tubes 0 to increase the area or amount of cooling-surface.
- T -e-operation of the apparatus above described is as follows, viz: The pans or trays B B being charged with pyroxyline, the fan L is started and the air circulated through the apparatus. The air is warmed in pass ing through the heater F and ascends between the pans B B in the drying-chamber or evaporator A, and absorbs or takes up a large quantity of the vapor of the solvent or solvents contained in the said pans. The air is then discharged into the cold chamber 0, wherein the solvents condense and fall into the bottle or receptacle K.
- I sometimes provide, in combination with the pipe G, one or more chambers M, containing hygroscopic material-such as calcium chloridethrough which the air will pass in its circulation through the apparatus, and whereby all the aqueous vapor will be removed from the air, so that the liquid which falls into the bottle or other receptacle K will be free from water, and the explosive material which is being dried will not undergo any change such as having its surface whitened-as is the case when dried in presence of moisture, but will be transparent and very homogeneous.
- hygroscopic material-such as calcium chloridethrough which the air will pass in its circulation through the apparatus, and whereby all the aqueous vapor will be removed from the air, so that the liquid which falls into the bottle or other receptacle K will be free from water, and the explosive material which is being dried will not undergo any change such as having its surface whitened-as is the case when dried in presence of moisture, but will be transparent and very homogeneous.
- the pans or trays in the chamber A are removable. They are preferably arranged in such a manner that they may be lifted out all together. I prefer to make the pans, or, at least, the bottoms of the same, of glass or similar material.
- the drying-chamber or evaporator A and the heater F should be inclosed in casings of Wood or other suitable material, as shown,
- the heater F is provided with acoil F, through which steam, hot Water, or other heating medium is to be passed.
- WVhat I claim is The herein-described method of recovering solvents used in the manufacture of explosive material, which consists in exposing the dissolved material in receptacles in a dryingchamber or evaporator and maintaining a constant circulation of air or gas through said evaporator, and acondensing-chamber in communication therewith, heating said air or gas before it enters the evaporator, as set forth.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
Description
. H. s. MAXIM.
REGOVERING SOLVENTS FROMEXPLOSIVES.
No. 430,215. Patented June 17 1890.
UNITED STATES HIRAH STEVENS MAXIM, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.
RECOVERING SOLVENTS FROM EXPLOSIVES.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 430,215, dated June 17, 1890.
Application filed March 4, 1890. serial No. 342,644. (No model.) Patented in England December 20, 1888, No.18,663.
To all whom it Hwy concern.-
Be it known that I, HIRAM STEvENs MAXIM, mechanical engineer, a citizen of the United States, and a residentof London, England, have invented new and useful Improvements Relating to the Manufacture of Explosives and to Apparatus therefor, (for which Ihave obtained a patentin Great Britain, No. 18,663, bearing dateDecembei-20, 1888,) of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawing.
My invention relates to the manufacture of explosives and to apparatus therefor.
In the production of explosive material by the treatment of gunscotton with a solvent such as acetone, ethylic acetate, ether, or the like-considerable loss of the solvent generally occurs in the drying of the'product, thus generally enhancing the cost of manufacture of the explosive material.
The object of my present invention is to provide for the recovery of the whole or nearly the whole of the solvents used in the manufacture of such explosive material, and which in the drying of the said explosive material as heretofore practiced are evaporated and lost; and my said invention comprises an improved method of treating the pyroxyline or dissolved gun-cotton for this purpose.
My said invention also comprises improved apparatus hereinafterdescribed.
According to my method of recovering the said solvents, I cause heated air or other gas to pass over or in contact with the surface of the dissolved gun-cotton in a drying-chamber or evaporator, so that as the solvents are evaporated they are taken up or absorbed by the air or other gas, and I then conduct the air or other gas carrying the volatilized solvents to a cold chamber or condenser, in which the said solvents condense and from which they may be drawn off in a liquid state. I then reheat the air or other gas passing from the cold chamber and again cause it to pass through the drying-chamber or evaporator, the air or other gas being thus caused to circulate continuously through the entire apparatus.
I have shown in vertical longitudinal central section in the accompanying drawing the apparatus for carrying out this invention.
A is the drying-chamber or evaporator, in
which are arranged a series of pans or trays B B of any suitable shape, and preferably arranged as shown-that is to say, the said pans B B are arranged one above another and extend alternately from either side or end of the chamber A to within a short distance from the opposite side or end thereof, so that the air and vaporpassing through the said chamber must follow a circuitous path.
0 is the cold chamber or condenser, with which the upper end of the drying-chamber or evaporator A is connected by pipes D D for the passage of the vaporized solvents. The cold chamber or condenserO is connected by a pipe E with a heater F, for heating the air during its return to the drying or evaporating chamber-A, with the lower end of which the said heater is connected by a pipe G. The cold chamber 0 is placed in a tank or vessel H, through which water or other cooling-liquid is caused to flow. The said cold chamber is provided with a discharge-pipe J, having a stop-cock J, beneath which a bottle or other receptacle K may be placed for the reception of the liquid solvent discharged from the said chamber. A fan-blower L, or other suitable apparatus, is provided for causing the continuous circulation of the air through the dryingchamber, the cold chamber or condenser, and the heater.
A small pipe a, is provided above each of the pans B B, for the introduction of the pyroXyline or explosive material into the said pans. These pipes a may communicate with a larger pipe or main, suitable cocks being provided where necessary. The cold chamber or condenser O is preferably constructed with a series of small tubes 0 to increase the area or amount of cooling-surface.
T -e-operation of the apparatus above described is as follows, viz: The pans or trays B B being charged with pyroxyline, the fan L is started and the air circulated through the apparatus. The air is warmed in pass ing through the heater F and ascends between the pans B B in the drying-chamber or evaporator A, and absorbs or takes up a large quantity of the vapor of the solvent or solvents contained in the said pans. The air is then discharged into the cold chamber 0, wherein the solvents condense and fall into the bottle or receptacle K.
The air freed from the vaporized solvents is again passed through the heater F and evaporator A, and so on. By the operation above described the whole or nearly the whole of the solvent or solvents which would otherwise be lost is recovered. The said solvent or solvents may thus be used and recovered a great number of times.
One great advantage arising from the employment of acurrent of heated air, as above described, is that the evaporation proceeds Without the formation of bubbles, such as would be formed if the material were directly heated sufliciently to cause the solvent or solvents to evaporate at the normal pressure of the atmosphere.
I sometimes provide, in combination with the pipe G, one or more chambers M, containing hygroscopic material-such as calcium chloridethrough which the air will pass in its circulation through the apparatus, and whereby all the aqueous vapor will be removed from the air, so that the liquid which falls into the bottle or other receptacle K will be free from water, and the explosive material which is being dried will not undergo any change such as having its surface whitened-as is the case when dried in presence of moisture, but will be transparent and very homogeneous.
The pans or trays in the chamber A are removable. They are preferably arranged in such a manner that they may be lifted out all together. I prefer to make the pans, or, at least, the bottoms of the same, of glass or similar material.
The drying-chamber or evaporator A and the heater F should be inclosed in casings of Wood or other suitable material, as shown, The heater F is provided with acoil F, through which steam, hot Water, or other heating medium is to be passed.
WVhat I claim is The herein-described method of recovering solvents used in the manufacture of explosive material, which consists in exposing the dissolved material in receptacles in a dryingchamber or evaporator and maintaining a constant circulation of air or gas through said evaporator, and acondensing-chamber in communication therewith, heating said air or gas before it enters the evaporator, as set forth.
In testimony whereof I havehereunto signed my name in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.
I-IIRAM STEVENS MAXIM Witnesses:
DAVID YOUNG, CHAS. B. BURDON.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US430215A true US430215A (en) | 1890-06-17 |
Family
ID=2499122
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US430215D Expired - Lifetime US430215A (en) | Hiram stevens maxim |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US430215A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3317406A (en) * | 1963-05-01 | 1967-05-02 | Kim D Beard | Hot air desalinization apparatus |
-
0
- US US430215D patent/US430215A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3317406A (en) * | 1963-05-01 | 1967-05-02 | Kim D Beard | Hot air desalinization apparatus |
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