US427409A - Cultivator - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 5 SheetsSheet 1.

I. O. FIELD. QULTIVATOR.

No. 427,409. Patented May 6, 1890.

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(No Model.)

F. O. FIELD.

GULTIVATOR.

5 Sheets-Sheet 2.

Patented May-6,- 1890.

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F. G. FIELD. QULTIVATOR.

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(No Model.) 5 Sheds-Sheet 5.

P. O. FIELD. I

, GULTIVATOR. No. 427,409; Patented May 6-, 1890.

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U TE ST res FRED O. FIELD,.OF KIANTONE, NEWV YORK.

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SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 427,409, dated May 6, 1890.

Application filed January 23, 1890. $erial No. 337,841. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRED O. FIELD, a citizen of the United States, residing at Kiantone, in the county of Chautauqua and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Cultivators; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to cultivators; and it consists in certain novel features of construction and combination of parts, whereby the implement may be quickly and easily adapted for use in marking out, covering, cultivating corn and other crops, and also be used for broadcast work when desired.

I have illustrated my invention in the accom pan yi n g drawings, and it is fully disclosed in the following description and claims.

In the drawings, Figure 1 represents a plan view of my improved cultivator. Fig. 2 is a similar view of the same, certain details being changed, as indicated in full and dotted lines, to adapt it for different purposes. Fig. 3 is a central longitudinal section of the machine. Fig. tis a perspective view of a shovelblade used with the machine. Figs. 5 and 6 are details illustrating the method of connectin g the draft-bars with the main frame. Figs. 7, 8, and 9 are details of part-s of the construction. Fig. 10 is a detail of the mechanism for adjusting the cultivator-frames vertically. Figs. 11, 12, 13, and 11 are details of parts of the construction. Figs. 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, and 20 are details of parts adapted for use with the machine.

One of the objects of my invention is to provide a cultivator which will operate on the earth included between a row and the adjacent row on both sides of the same, and each part of the cultivator has movements independently to adapt each to the ground it My improved cultivator is also so construct-ed and arranged that the cultivatorteeth may be removed from the draft-bars and 011e, two, three, or more shovels provided on certain of said draft-bars, when the machine is adapted for marking ground. The machine may also be provided with scrapingshovels arranged in pairs for operating on both sides of two rows of hills, and the machine is then adapted to be used for covering or hilling corn, potatoes, &c., or the machine may be provided with a full set of cultivatorteeth, as shown in Fig. 1, and used for working plowed ground and the like.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, A represents the axle of the machine, supported by suitable wheels at a. To the axle A is secured the main frame of themachine, which consists in this instance of two forwardly-extending bars a a, secured to the axle A and connected adjacent to their forward extremities by the cross-bar B, to which they are also rigidly attached. The rearwardly-extending portions 0 C of the tongue are pivotally secured to the bars a a, as shown, or to the axle A, and engage vertical brackets or standards Z) Z), secured to the cross-bar B. These brackets are provided with slots, and bolts pass through said parts 0 C, engaging said slots, which are provided with suitable nuts, and by this means the horizontal line of draft can be determined and the adjustment of the frame of the machine secured, as seen in Fig. 14. The cross-bar B is also provided with a brace-bar B',which passes over the tops of the brackets b, and may engage recesses in the same, if desired. This bar is preferably rigidly secured to the cross-bar at one end, and its other end is provided with a screw-threaded portion and nut, which engages a suitable bracket 19, secured to the bar B, whereby the brace may be tightened by screwing up the nut, as will be seen in Fig. 14.

I prefer to provide the axle A with a seat A, as shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 8.

The extremities of the cross-bar B are provided with the swinging bars D, connected thereto by horizontal bolts in such a manner as to allow the ends of the same ayertical swinging movement. The ends of the bars D are provided, preferably on the under side, with bracket-castings d, (see Figs. 5 and 6,) which consist of rectangularly-disposed plates provided with webs or ears (2 and 01 having bolt-holes therein. The webs (Z are engaged by similar ears 6 of connecting-rods E, and the parts are pivotally secured together by means of bolts 6', thus allowing the free ends of the connecting-rods to rise and fall freely.

The main draft-bars F of the two cultivator-frames are pivotally secured to the connecting-bars E by means of bolts 6 located at a short distance from their free ends,which are provided with curved slots concentric with such point of pivoting. The draft-bars are also provided with a bolt 6 and nut engaging said slot, and by this means the draftbars are free to swing laterally on the pivotiug-bolt,whilc they are securely connected to the frame at two points. The draft-bars F are given a twist into a vertical plane just in rear of this connection with the connectingbars E, and each of said draft-bars is pro- .vided with a supplemental draft-bar F, connected to said draft-bar F by means of an inclined offset f, which is bolted thereto, said offsets extending away from the center of the machine. The inner draft-bar F is also provided with an additional supplemental bar F extending inwardly to near the center of the machine.

The draft-bars which form each of the two cultivator-frames are of graduated lengths, the center one extending farthest to the rear and the remaining bars 011 either side being graduated, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Each of the draft-bars is provided with a C-shaped shank G, adj ustably secured in position, the lower end of which is provided with a cultivator-blade G. The said shank G is pivoted to the draft-bar at a point a short distance from the upper end of the same, andprovided adjacent to such end with a series of apertures arranged concentrically with the point of pivoting, as shown in the drawings,whereby the adjustment of said shank in a vertical plane is secured. I prefer, however, to employ the construction shown in Figs. 11, 12, and 13 to effect such adjustment. In these figures I have shown the draft-bar provided with two disks f f, each having radial serrations engaging those of the opposing disk. The rear face of each disk is provided with a groove or recess f adapted to receive the draft-bar F and shank G, respectively, and a bolt provided with a suitable nut passes through all the parts and holds them securely together when adjusted. \Vhen it is desired to adjust the shank G to another position, the nut is loosened, the plates ff separated until the plate having the shank G seated therein can be turned, and said shank properly adjusted. The nut is then tightened on the bolt and the parts drawn together, when the shank will by means of the serrations of said plate be held firmly in its adjusted position.

In order to prevent the lateral movement and, consequent straining of the draft-bars andto render the cultivator-frames more rigid, I provide a cross-bar F which extends laterally of the frame and is secured to each of the draft-bars, or I may employ two or more of such cross-bars or connect parts of said draftbars together by means of one cross-bar and connect the remaining bars thereto by means of another cross-bar, as shown in full lines in Figs. 1 and 2, all the bars F F being connected by the cross-bar F and short crossbar F being employed to connect bar F with the remaining bars. This could all be elfected by means of one bar, if desired, as indicated in full and dotted lines, Fig. 1.' In connecting the draft and cross bars I employ the clip shown in Figs. '7, 8, and 9, which consists of the straps f f embracing the draft-bar and connected together at the top by the bridge f, beneath which passes the cross-bar F A binding-screw f passes through said bridge f and engages the cross-bar, thereby clamping the parts firmly together. By this construction the lateral adjustment of the draftbar can be quickly and easily effected by merely loosening the screw f adjusting the said bar to the proper position, and then tightening the screw and clamping the parts.

In order to maintain the two parts in their relative positions, I provide the brace-rod F which is pivotally connected to the ear (Z of the bracket-casting d on the swinging bars D, the other end being provided with a slot engaged by a bolt passing through the draft-bar F, as shown in Fig. 9. By this construction the cultivator-frames may be adjusted nearer together or farther apart by loosening the said bolts and adjusting each frame, as will be readily seen. I also provide means for raising and lowering the cultivator-frames, so that they may be raised out of contact with the ground when it is desired to move the machine without operating on the soil, as in transportation, and the depth to which the teeth are allowed to sink into the soil in op eration may also be controlled and regulated. To this end I provide a rock-shaft H, which is mounted in suitable bearings upon the axle of the machine and extends longitudinallyof the same. This shaft is provided at suitable points with lever-arms h, the free ends of which are connected by means of chains or otherwise with the cultivator-frames. One end of said shaft is provided with means for rotating the same to raise the cultivator-frame when desired.

In order to arrange a construction which may be easily controlled from the seat of the machine, I provide the shaft II with a gearwheel h, gearing with a second wheel or segment 7L2, mounted on a short shaft secured to an upright support from the axle. This second gear wheel or segment is provided with an operating-lever 7L3, cast integrally therewith or secured thereto, which is in turn provided with a locking device 7L4, adapted to engage a segmental rack 7L5, secured to the standard or support. The locking device h is preferably controlled from the handle of the lever 7L3, as is usual.

Vhen it is desired to use the machine for working or pulverizing plowed land, it is arranged as shown in Fig. 1, and in addi-.

tion to the number of teeth and draft-bars before described the bar F will also be pro- ICO vided with an offset and bar F (shown in dotted lines,) extending rearwardly and provided with a similar cultivator tooth, as shown. It will be seen that in the constructions before described, with regard to the method of connecting the swinging bars D, the connecting-bars E, and draft-bars to the main cross-bar, the cultivator-frames are allowed to rise and fall, and also to have a twisting motion, thereby preventing the straining of any part by the unevenness of the ground or other cause. \Vhen the cultivator is used in this form and it is not desired to permit the two frames to have the independent twisting movement, the bar F may be connected to bar F by a bar.

In the use of the machine for the various purposes for which it is adapted the only changes made will be in the arrangement of the teeth or blades employed,the arrangement of the frame remaining substantially the same.

hen the machine is used as a cultivator for rowed crops, this bar F will be removed, and the machine will then operate on all the space between one row, over which the center of the machine will pass, and the next adjacent row 011 each side of such middle row, thus cultivating both sides of the middle row and one side each of two others. The machine may also be quickly and readily adapted to serve as a marker for marking out rows by removing all of the teeth on the draft-bars of each cultivator-frame and providing such bars and the bar F with marking blades or shovels, as shown in full lines, Fig. 2. I also employa blade or shovel K, (shown in detail, Fig. &, and in dotted lines in Fig. 2,) which consists of a curved plate attached tothestandard G, (here shown as formed of a strip of metal bent with its great est width in a horizontal plane and held in an inclined position with respect to the line of draft.) The forward portion of such blade is also given a point is at its lower edge, as shown.

I m ay, if found desirable, provide this shovel K with an adjusting-clip to be attached to the draft-bars, in which case the standard G will preferably be constructed as shown and above described. This clip consists of a plate adapted to be secured to the draft-bar by means of bolts and nuts and provided at each end with a laterally-extendin g ear 76, each provided with an aperture to receive a bolt. A bolt is passed through one of said apertures, and will engage the standard G at a point a little back from its upper extremity, the stan dard being provided adjacent to its end with a wider portion k having a curved slot therein. A bolt passing through the forward ear 0 engages said slot, and by this construction the lateral adjustment of the blade K maybe easily secured. I may, however, construct the standard Gof metal, having its greatest width in a vertical plane, as in the forms shown in Fig. 3, if desired.

In Fig. 2, on the right-hand cultivator-frame, I have shown (in dotted lines) the shovels K arranged so that their rear extremities are closer together than their forward ends, which incline outwardly. \Vhen used in this manner, they will be very effective in covering corn or other crops. By adjusting the bars F upon the bar F the shovel-blades can be brought into the desired relation to effect the covering of the crop or separated to hill the crop, as desired. On the leftrhand frame I have shown them in reversed position, in which they will cut the earth away from the hills, and may be used in this relation when it is desired to throw the soil away from the plants. It will of course be understood that the shovels K will be arranged alike on. both frames, both positions being here shown to avoid unnecessary multiplicity of drawings.

In Fig. 15 I have shown anotherform of clip for attaching the hilling-shovels to the draftbars, wherebythe same may be adjusted both in a vertical and horizontal direction. In this construction the draft-bar is provided with a disk f, having radial serrations, as in Fig. 12. A similarplatef having similar serrations on its opposite face, is placed in engagement with the plate f. This plate f is provided with ears k 70 as shown in Fig. 4, to which is attached the standard of the shovel K. A bolt is passed through the said plates f and f and the draft-bar F and holds the parts in their adjusted position. By this construction it will be seen that the shovel may be adjusted laterally by means of the bolt passing through the forward ear 7.2 and the slot of the standard, and it may also be tilted byloosening the nut holding the plates ff together and changing their relative positions, as before described.

Then the device is used to cultivate or work plowed ground, I prefer usually to employ a flat spring-tooth, as shown in Figs. 16 and 17 This tooth is formed in such a manner that when it is secured to the draft-bar the portion of the tooth at the opposite eX- tremity from the earth-engaging point will form a shoe or runner to engage the upper portion of soil as the machine passes over it and regulate the depth to which the tooth may penetrate, at the same time lessening the draft of the same by preventing the tooth from going in too deep.

I provide the draft-bar F with the serrated plate f, as before described, and also provide a second plate f to engage the same. The bolt f which passes through the plates and draft-bar, is provided with a slotted port-ion f adjacent to its head, as shown in Fig. 19, or it may be in the form of a hook, as shown in Fig. 20. The flat spring-tooth K is engaged by the said bolt intermediate its ends, either by passing through said slot or by engaging said hook, and by tightening the nut on said bolt the tooth will be firmly clamped to its draft-bar at any point of its length. By this means the portion K of the tooth at the end opposite its point is made to act as a runner or shoe, and by adjusting the tooth at different points the tooth may be made to penetrate to a greater or less depth, as desired.

In order to secure the tooth to the plate f to prevent its turning the bolt, I may form the bolt with a square or polygonal portion to engage a similar aperture in the plate, as shown in Figs. 18 and 19, or I may provide the plate with outwardly-extending lugs f adapted to engage the said tooth, as desired. I also provide a mechanism for tilting the cultivator-frames in either direction on their longitudinal axes from the drivers seat, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3. In these drawings I have shown the front portions of each of the bars a provided with a casting M, having ears m adjacent to its forward extremities, in which are pivoted horizontal leversN. The outer ends of the levers N are connected by links a with the inner ends of the respective cross-bars D of the cultivatorframes. To the rear portions of the castings M is secured an arched bar 0, said bar 0 and levers N being in a plane suftieientlyhigh to allow the bars 0 of the tongue to be adjusted relatively to the frame, as seen in Fig. 3. Upon the arch 0, adjacent to its center, is a bell-crank lever O, pivoted in suitable ears. The lever O has a forwardly-extending arm connected by vertical links 0 with the inner ends of levers N, and an upwardly-extending arm, which is connected by a connecting-rod p with a hand-lever P, suitably mounted on the machine adjacent to the drivers seat. By moving this lever P forward it will be seen the inner ends of the bars D will be depressed, and by moving said lever rearward the bars will be raised, thus allowing the twisting movement of the frames to be governed and controlled from the drivers seat.

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent; is-

1. A cultivator provided with two cultivatorframes secured at a fixed distance apart, said frames being capable of independent vertical movement, and having an independent oscillating movement on an axis parallel with the line of draft, substantially as described.

2. A cultivator provid ed with two cultivatorframes adjustable to different fixed distances apart, said frames having an independent vertical movement, and having also an independent oscillating movement on an axis parallel with the line of draft, substantially as described.

3. A cultivator provided with two cultivatorframes, each frame having an independent vertical movement and pivoted to oscillate independently on an axis parallel with the line of draft, substantially as described.

at. The combination, with a wheel-supported frame, of two bars secured to the said frame by pivots extending parallel with the line of draft and two cultivator-frames pivoted to the said bars by transverse horizontal pivots, substantially as described.

5. In a cultivator, the combination, with a wheel-supported frame, of one or more con necting-bars pivoted to said frame by transverse horizontal pivots, a cultivator-frame pivoted to said connecting-bars by vertical pivots, and a pivoted brace-bar adjustably secured to said cultivator-frame, substantially as described.

G. In a cultivator, the combination, with a means for tightening it, substantially as described.

7. In a cultivator, the combination, with a fixed frame having a transversely-extending bar forming the forward part of the same, of a tongue or pole pivoted in rear of said bar and extending over the same, vertical standards or brackets on said bar, an adjustable brace-rod extending longitudinally of said bar and engaging the tops of said standards or brackets, and an adjustable connection between the said standards and said tongue or pole, substantially as described.

8. In a cultivator, the combination, with a wheel-supported frame, of one or more eultivators connected with said frame, each of said cultivators being composed of two parts pivoted to the said supported frame and eapable of lateral movement, a brace-bar connecting one part with the frame, and a bar connecting the two parts of the cultivator,- substantially as described.

. 9. The combination,withawheel-supported frame, of two bars, each pivoted in line with the line of draft, two cultivator-frames attached to said bars, and operating means for tilting said pivoted bars, substantially as described.

In testimony whercof I affix m y signature in presence of two witnesses.

FRED C. FIELD.

Witnesses:

GEO. S. GIFFORD, \V. R. BOTSFORD.

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