US4263049A - Fibre-reinforced product and method of preparing same - Google Patents
Fibre-reinforced product and method of preparing same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4263049A US4263049A US06/082,547 US8254779A US4263049A US 4263049 A US4263049 A US 4263049A US 8254779 A US8254779 A US 8254779A US 4263049 A US4263049 A US 4263049A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- product
- fibres
- set forth
- cementitious
- eucalyptus
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 244000166124 Eucalyptus globulus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000867 polyelectrolyte Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 claims 8
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 claims 6
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011518 fibre cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000165963 Eucalyptus camaldulensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004692 Eucalyptus globulus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000006361 Eucalyptus saligna Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000003679 aging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005802 health problem Effects 0.000 description 1
- NXLOLUFNDSBYTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N retene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=C(C(C)C)C=C3C=CC2=C1C NXLOLUFNDSBYTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
- C04B18/18—Waste materials; Refuse organic
- C04B18/24—Vegetable refuse, e.g. rice husks, maize-ear refuse; Cellulosic materials, e.g. paper, cork
- C04B18/248—Vegetable refuse, e.g. rice husks, maize-ear refuse; Cellulosic materials, e.g. paper, cork from specific plants, e.g. hemp fibres
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Definitions
- This invention relates to a cementitious product reinforced by cellulosic fibres and optionally synthetic fibres.
- Products made from asbestos cement present many advantageous properties, such as a high bending strength, excellent resistance against attack by chemicals and good ageing properties.
- asbestos cement products suffer from the serious drawback that the manufacture and handling of such products present such serious health problems that is may be expected that the use of asbestos fibres as reinforcement in cementitious products will be prohibited in a few years.
- the strength mentioned above is unsatisfactory because a bending strength of at least 165 kp/cm 2 is considered to be a minimum one in order to permit the replacement of asbestos cement products by products reinforced by cellulosic fibres.
- the reinforcing fibres are at least partly composed of eucalyptus fibres.
- eucalyptus fibres should be understood as discrete fibres obtained by defibration of eucalyptus wood.
- eucalyptus fibres which are suitable for use in the cementitious product of the invention are fibres of Eucalyptus saligna, Eucalyptus globulus and Eucalyptus camaldulensis.
- fibres which have been prepared by a sulphate process and which have been bleached.
- Cellulosic fibres were dispersed in 1 liter water and 5 liters additional water and optionally rock wool fibres were added. Subsequently, the mixture thus obtained was stirred for 5 minutes before Portland cement was added.
- a polyelectrolyte (“Reten 123 x") was added in an amount of 4.2 ppm. Stirring was continued for one additional minute and the mixture was then transferred to a sheet mould comprising a net covered by a sheet of filter paper. The mixture was then dewatered by suction and the layer thus formed on the sheet of filter paper was compressed at increasing pressures (1 minute at 5 kp/cm 2 , 1 minute at 10 kp/cm 2 and 1 minute at 15 kp/cm 2 ).
- the plates thus prepared were stored at room temperature and a relative humidity of 100% and the bending strength and density were measured.
- the cementitious products of the invention preferably contain eucalyptus fibres in an amount of 3-10% by weight based on the weight of the cementitious product.
- the fibrous reinforcement comprises both eucalyptus fibres and synthetic mineral fibres, e.g. rock wool fibres.
- a cementitious product comprising such a combination of fibres as fibrous reinforcement presents excellent properties for practical use.
- the toughness of the product is high and, therefore, it can be handled without break.
- a composition is particularly useful for the manufacture of roofing plates which should be capable of withstanding blows and impacts without breakage.
- the latter is preferably present in an amount of 5-10% by weight based on the total weight of the reinforced product.
- mineral fibres comprises fibres prepared from naturally occurring minerals.
- synthetic mineral fibres are rock wool fibres, glass fibres and slag fibres.
- the invention also relates to a method of preparing a fibre-reinforced cementitious product as described above.
- the method of the invention comprises the steps of disperging eucalyptus fibres preferably in an amount of 3-10% by weight based on the weight of the final product and optionally mineral fibres in water by stirring, adding while continuously stirring the dispersion, a cement and optionally a polyelectrolyte and moulding and storing the mixture thus formed so as to form the desired product.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Tubular Articles Or Embedded Moulded Articles (AREA)
- Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
A fibre-reinforced cementitious product comprising a fibre reinforcement, at least partly consisting of eucalyptus fibres.
Description
This invention relates to a cementitious product reinforced by cellulosic fibres and optionally synthetic fibres.
It is well known to use asbestos fibres for the reinforcement of cementitious products. Thus, asbestos fibres find widespread use in the manufacture of asbestos cement roofing plates, such as plates sold under the trade name "Eternit".
Products made from asbestos cement present many advantageous properties, such as a high bending strength, excellent resistance against attack by chemicals and good ageing properties.
However, asbestos cement products suffer from the serious drawback that the manufacture and handling of such products present such serious health problems that is may be expected that the use of asbestos fibres as reinforcement in cementitious products will be prohibited in a few years.
It is well known to utilize a mixture of asbestos fibres and cellulosic fibres as reinforcement in the production of asbestos cement products.
However, attempts to fully replace asbestos fibres by cellulosic fibres in fibre-reinforced cementitious products and in amounts of from 0.5 to 20% by weight have failed to produce products having satisfactory strength properties. Thus, the maximum obtainable binding strength (after storage for 4 weeks) for fibre-reinforced cement products comprising pine-wood cellulosic fibres is only about 165 kp/cm2. Such bending strength is obtained by using reinforcing fibres in an amount of 4% by weight and this strength does not increase significantly when the amount of fibres is increased.
The strength mentioned above is unsatisfactory because a bending strength of at least 165 kp/cm2 is considered to be a minimum one in order to permit the replacement of asbestos cement products by products reinforced by cellulosic fibres.
Surprisingly it has been found that a specific type of cellulosic fibres are capable of producing a high reinforcing effect when used as reinforcing fibres in cementitious products and that the bending strength of such fibre-reinforced cementitious products is considerably higher than the above mentioned minimum value.
Thus, in the fibre-reinforced cementitious product of the invention the reinforcing fibres are at least partly composed of eucalyptus fibres.
The term "eucalyptus fibres" should be understood as discrete fibres obtained by defibration of eucalyptus wood.
By using eucalyptus fibres in fibre-reinforced cementitious products a bending strength of above 220 kp/cm2 (after storage for 4 weeks) has been obtained. Thus, the strength is increased by more than 30% compared to products reinforced by pine-wood fibres.
Examples of different types of eucalyptus fibres which are suitable for use in the cementitious product of the invention are fibres of Eucalyptus saligna, Eucalyptus globulus and Eucalyptus camaldulensis.
It is preferred to use fibres which have been prepared by a sulphate process and which have been bleached.
The reinforcing effect of both eucalyptus fibres and pine-wood fibres on cementitious products has been investigated by tests. These tests were carried out in the following manner:
Cellulosic fibres were dispersed in 1 liter water and 5 liters additional water and optionally rock wool fibres were added. Subsequently, the mixture thus obtained was stirred for 5 minutes before Portland cement was added.
After stirring for 5 minutes, a polyelectrolyte ("Reten 123 x") was added in an amount of 4.2 ppm. Stirring was continued for one additional minute and the mixture was then transferred to a sheet mould comprising a net covered by a sheet of filter paper. The mixture was then dewatered by suction and the layer thus formed on the sheet of filter paper was compressed at increasing pressures (1 minute at 5 kp/cm2, 1 minute at 10 kp/cm2 and 1 minute at 15 kp/cm2).
Subsequently, 5 layers of filter paper were placed on each side of the fibre cement plate formed and the plate was compressed for 2 minutes at a pressure of 60 kp/cm2.
The plates thus prepared were stored at room temperature and a relative humidity of 100% and the bending strength and density were measured.
The composition of the tested fibre cement samples and their properties are reported in Table 1.
TABLE 1
__________________________________________________________________________
Corrected Bending
Strength after
Measured Bending Strength kp/cm.sup.2
Storage for 4
Number of
After After After Weeks and at a
Reinforcing Fibres
Measure-
Storage
Storage
Storage
Density,
Density of 1.7
Type Amount, %
ments
for 1 Week
for 2 Weeks
for 4 Weeks
g/cm.sup.3
g/cm.sup.3
__________________________________________________________________________
Eucalyptus-
1 8 111 ± 13
157 ± 12
138 ± 15
1.88 ± 0.03
113 ± 14
fibres
Eucalyptus-
2 8 118 ± 9
143 ± 16
155 ± 20
1.88 ± 0.03
128 ± 15
fibres
Eucalyptus-
3 8 153 ± 8
153 ± 4
172 ± 11
1.81 ± 0.01
150 ± 9
fibres
Eucalyptus-
4 8 177 ± 5
199 ± 12
208 ± 14
1.78 ± 0.02
191 ± 14
fibres
Eucalyptus-
5 8 193 ± 10
198 ± 10
226 ± 8
1.73 ± 0.03
219 ± 12
fibres
Eucalyptus-
10 2 147 ± 7
-- -- 1.58 ± 0.02
169 ± 6*
fibres
Eucalyptus-
20 10 125 ± 10
148 ± 10
183 ± 12
1.35 ± 0.02
290 ± 12
fibres
Eucalyptus-
30 10 91 ± 11
101 ± 9
117 ± 10
1.08 ± 0.03
291 ± 12
fibres
None 0 10 86 ± 46
-- 134 ± 32
1.78 ± 0.11
122 ± 22
Pine-Wood
1 8 123 ± 17
146 ± 30
124 ± 27
1.73 ± 0.11
124 ± 39
Fibres
Pine-Wood
2 8 130 ± 6
149 ± 3
141 ± 10
1.72 ± 0.10
139 ± 23
Fibres
Pine-Wood
3 8 180 ± 17
176 ± 3
170 ± 11
1.77 ± 0.02
156 ± 11
Fibres
Pine-Wood
4 8 177 ± 16
163 ± 5
169 ± 13
1.72 ± 0.08
162 ± 17
Fibres
Pine-Wood
5 8 148 ± 18
175 ± 21
171 ± 27
1.72 ± 0.02
165 ± 23
Fibres
__________________________________________________________________________
*After storage for 1 week.
The data set forth in Table 1 show that the reinforcing effect of eucalyptus fibres increases with increasing fibre contents up to about 5% and that no significant improvement of the strength is obtained at higher fibre contents. Therefore, the cementitious products of the invention preferably contain eucalyptus fibres in an amount of 3-10% by weight based on the weight of the cementitious product.
In a preferred embodiment of the fibre-reinforced cementitious product of the invention the fibrous reinforcement comprises both eucalyptus fibres and synthetic mineral fibres, e.g. rock wool fibres. A cementitious product comprising such a combination of fibres as fibrous reinforcement presents excellent properties for practical use.
Thus, the toughness of the product is high and, therefore, it can be handled without break. Thus, such a composition is particularly useful for the manufacture of roofing plates which should be capable of withstanding blows and impacts without breakage.
This is evidenced by the work required to cause breakage which work can be determined by integrating the area below a deflection curve obtained by measuring the deflection of a specimen supported at its ends at varying loads, the abscissa defining the deflection and the ordinate the load.
By testing different materials it has been found that the work required to cause breakage is 5.5 for a cementitious product containing 5% by weight of eucalyptus fibres and 7.7 for a product containing 5% by weight of eucalyptus fibres and 5% by weight of rock wool fibres. These figures are based on the definition that the work required to cause breakage of a product consisting of cement is 1.
By using the above mentioned combination of fibres as a reinforcement in cementitious products, a product is obtained which is resistant to the formation of shrinkage cracks which may occur when the reinforcing fibres are eucalyptus fibres only. Consequently, the weathering resistance of the product and in particular the frost resistance is increased by using said combination of fibres.
When using both eucalyptus and synthetic mineral fibres as reinforcement, the latter is preferably present in an amount of 5-10% by weight based on the total weight of the reinforced product.
The term "mineral fibres" comprises fibres prepared from naturally occurring minerals. Examples of synthetic mineral fibres are rock wool fibres, glass fibres and slag fibres.
The invention also relates to a method of preparing a fibre-reinforced cementitious product as described above.
The method of the invention comprises the steps of disperging eucalyptus fibres preferably in an amount of 3-10% by weight based on the weight of the final product and optionally mineral fibres in water by stirring, adding while continuously stirring the dispersion, a cement and optionally a polyelectrolyte and moulding and storing the mixture thus formed so as to form the desired product.
Claims (15)
1. An asbestos-free, fiber-reinforced cementitious product comprising a major portion of a cementitious material and a reinforcing quantity of a fibrous material including a sufficient amount of eucalyptus fibers to provide a final product having improved bending strength characteristics.
2. A cementitious product as set forth in claim 1 wherein said eucalyptus fibers are present in an amount of from 3% to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the product.
3. A cementitious product as set forth in claim 1 wherein a sufficient quantity of said eucalyptus fibers are present to provide a bending strength of at least 165 kp/cm2 after storage for four weeks.
4. A cementitious product as set forth in claim 1 wherein said fibrous material also includes synthetic fibers.
5. A cementitious product as set forth in claim 4 wherein said synthetic fibers are present in an amount of from 5% to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the product.
6. A cementitious product as set forth in claim 2 wherein said fibrous material also includes synthetic fibers.
7. A cementitious product as set forth in claim 6 wherein said synthetic fibers are present in an amount of from 5% to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the product.
8. A method of preparing an asbestos-free, fiber-reinforced cementitious product comprising:
dispersing in water a reinforcing quantity of a fibrous material including a sufficient amount of eucalyptus fibers to provide a final product having improved bending strength characteristics;
stirring said dispersion while adding cementitious material thereto;
molding the mixture thus formed; and
storing the molded product.
9. A method as set forth in claim 8 wherein a polyelectrolyte is added along with the cementitious material during said stirring step.
10. A method as set forth in claim 8 wherein said fibrous material also includes synthetic fibers.
11. A method as set forth in claim 8 wherein said eucalyptus fibers are present in an mount of from 3% to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the product.
12. A method as set forth in claim 8 wherein a sufficient quantity of said eucalyptus fibers are present to provide a bending strength of at least 165 kp/cm2 after storage for four weeks.
13. A method as set forth in claim 10 wherein said synthetic fibers are present in an amount of from 5% to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the product.
14. A method as set forth in claim 11 wherein said fibrous material also includes synthetic fibers.
15. A method as set forth in claim 14 wherein said synthetic fibers are present in an amount of from 5% to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the product.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK4507/78 | 1978-10-10 | ||
| DK450778A DK145118C (en) | 1978-10-10 | 1978-10-10 | FIBER ARMED CEMENT PRODUCT AND PROCEDURES FOR PRODUCING THE SAME |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US4263049A true US4263049A (en) | 1981-04-21 |
Family
ID=8134172
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/082,547 Expired - Lifetime US4263049A (en) | 1978-10-10 | 1979-10-09 | Fibre-reinforced product and method of preparing same |
Country Status (17)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4263049A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5556059A (en) |
| AT (1) | AT379361B (en) |
| BE (1) | BE879275A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1128556A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH642899A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2940623C2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK145118C (en) |
| ES (1) | ES484895A0 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI65226C (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2440343A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2033887B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1123787B (en) |
| LU (1) | LU81764A1 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7907375A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO147419C (en) |
| SE (1) | SE431199B (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4369201A (en) * | 1980-03-04 | 1983-01-18 | Harald Kober | Method of manufacturing reinforced fibers for mineral structural materials, and a structural element of a fiber-reinforced mineral structural material |
| US4985119A (en) * | 1987-07-01 | 1991-01-15 | The Procter & Gamble Cellulose Company | Cellulose fiber-reinforced structure |
| US6164034A (en) * | 1998-08-31 | 2000-12-26 | Poly Proximates, Inc. | Fiber-reinforced molded plastic roofing unit and method of making the same |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS59131551A (en) * | 1983-01-16 | 1984-07-28 | 松下電工株式会社 | Manufacture of inorganic hardened body |
| DE3517778A1 (en) * | 1985-05-17 | 1987-01-15 | 23 Szamu Allami Epitoeipari Va | METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BODIES, IN PARTICULAR OF COMPONENTS |
| DE10046387C1 (en) * | 2000-09-20 | 2002-05-23 | In Ter Consult Greiz Ingenieur | Production of wood concrete products used in tropical regions of Africa comprises mixing Portland cement, cement with grinding additives or blast furnace cement, finely divided additives, water, binding regulator, pressing and drying |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US827977A (en) * | 1906-01-10 | 1906-08-07 | Paul Dickinson | Composition of matter. |
| US844530A (en) * | 1906-09-22 | 1907-02-19 | Franz Musil Edler Von Mollenbruck | Manufacture of cement. |
| US3062669A (en) * | 1957-01-28 | 1962-11-06 | Dilnot Sidney | Light weight aerated concrete |
| US3438853A (en) * | 1966-02-10 | 1969-04-15 | Armstrong Cork Co | Process of curing hardboard containing wood fibers and portland cement |
| US3969567A (en) * | 1973-03-13 | 1976-07-13 | Tac Construction Materials Ltd. | Improvements in and relating to board products |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR873830A (en) * | 1941-03-28 | 1942-07-21 | New reinforced cement system with fiber reinforcement | |
| GB1425035A (en) * | 1972-03-22 | 1976-02-18 | Univ Toronto | Orthopaedic structure |
| DE2461781C2 (en) * | 1974-12-30 | 1982-09-23 | Cape Boards and Panels Ltd., Uxbridge | Process for the production of an asbestos-free, refractory molded body |
| BE857870A (en) * | 1976-08-17 | 1977-12-16 | Commw Scient Ind Res Org | FIBER REINFORCED CEMENT COMPOSITIONS |
-
1978
- 1978-10-10 DK DK450778A patent/DK145118C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1979
- 1979-10-04 NL NL7907375A patent/NL7907375A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1979-10-06 DE DE2940623A patent/DE2940623C2/en not_active Expired
- 1979-10-08 FI FI793108A patent/FI65226C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-10-08 LU LU81764A patent/LU81764A1/en unknown
- 1979-10-09 CA CA337,168A patent/CA1128556A/en not_active Expired
- 1979-10-09 JP JP13070079A patent/JPS5556059A/en active Granted
- 1979-10-09 BE BE0/197534A patent/BE879275A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-10-09 NO NO793239A patent/NO147419C/en unknown
- 1979-10-09 AT AT658779A patent/AT379361B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-10-09 SE SE7908333A patent/SE431199B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-10-09 GB GB7935003A patent/GB2033887B/en not_active Expired
- 1979-10-09 US US06/082,547 patent/US4263049A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1979-10-09 CH CH906279A patent/CH642899A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-10-09 FR FR7925059A patent/FR2440343A1/en active Granted
- 1979-10-10 IT IT2636679A patent/IT1123787B/en active
- 1979-10-10 ES ES484895A patent/ES484895A0/en active Granted
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US827977A (en) * | 1906-01-10 | 1906-08-07 | Paul Dickinson | Composition of matter. |
| US844530A (en) * | 1906-09-22 | 1907-02-19 | Franz Musil Edler Von Mollenbruck | Manufacture of cement. |
| US3062669A (en) * | 1957-01-28 | 1962-11-06 | Dilnot Sidney | Light weight aerated concrete |
| US3438853A (en) * | 1966-02-10 | 1969-04-15 | Armstrong Cork Co | Process of curing hardboard containing wood fibers and portland cement |
| US3969567A (en) * | 1973-03-13 | 1976-07-13 | Tac Construction Materials Ltd. | Improvements in and relating to board products |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4369201A (en) * | 1980-03-04 | 1983-01-18 | Harald Kober | Method of manufacturing reinforced fibers for mineral structural materials, and a structural element of a fiber-reinforced mineral structural material |
| US4985119A (en) * | 1987-07-01 | 1991-01-15 | The Procter & Gamble Cellulose Company | Cellulose fiber-reinforced structure |
| US6164034A (en) * | 1998-08-31 | 2000-12-26 | Poly Proximates, Inc. | Fiber-reinforced molded plastic roofing unit and method of making the same |
| US6290885B1 (en) | 1998-08-31 | 2001-09-18 | Poly Proximates, Inc. | Method of making a fiber-reinforced molded plastic roofing unit |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2940623C2 (en) | 1986-02-13 |
| DK450778A (en) | 1980-04-11 |
| FI65226C (en) | 1984-04-10 |
| NO147419C (en) | 1983-04-06 |
| LU81764A1 (en) | 1980-01-24 |
| ATA658779A (en) | 1985-05-15 |
| FR2440343A1 (en) | 1980-05-30 |
| CH642899A5 (en) | 1984-05-15 |
| DE2940623A1 (en) | 1980-04-24 |
| AT379361B (en) | 1985-12-27 |
| FI793108A7 (en) | 1980-04-11 |
| IT7926366A0 (en) | 1979-10-10 |
| DK145118B (en) | 1982-09-06 |
| NO147419B (en) | 1982-12-27 |
| NL7907375A (en) | 1980-04-14 |
| SE431199B (en) | 1984-01-23 |
| SE7908333L (en) | 1980-04-11 |
| JPS5556059A (en) | 1980-04-24 |
| FI65226B (en) | 1983-12-30 |
| NO793239L (en) | 1980-04-11 |
| CA1128556A (en) | 1982-07-27 |
| IT1123787B (en) | 1986-04-30 |
| DK145118C (en) | 1983-02-07 |
| GB2033887A (en) | 1980-05-29 |
| GB2033887B (en) | 1983-01-19 |
| FR2440343B1 (en) | 1983-01-07 |
| BE879275A (en) | 1980-02-01 |
| ES8102067A1 (en) | 1980-12-16 |
| JPS6156179B2 (en) | 1986-12-01 |
| ES484895A0 (en) | 1980-12-16 |
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