US424939A - Power-hammer - Google Patents

Description

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F. W. TAYLOR.

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3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

(No Model.)

F. W. TAYLOR.

POWER HAMMER.

Patented Apr. 1,1890.

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N. PETERS Phnuunmgnpher, washington. D. C.

UNITED STATES PATENT EEICE.

FREDERICK XV. TAYLOR,V OF PHILADLPHIA, PENNSYLVAIA.

POWER- HAM IVI ER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters' Patent No. 424,939, dated April 1, 1890.

Application led March S, 1890. Serial No. 343,096. (No model.)

To @ZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FREDERICK W. TAYLOR, of the city and county of Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Power Hammers, (closely allied to an improvement in the same the application for which was lately led by me and is now still pending in the Patent Office;) and I do hereby declare that the following is an exact description of my invention, reference being had to the drawings which accompany and form ypart of this specification.

My invention relates to the supporting structure or frame of power-hammers.

Heretofore powerhammers have usually been constructed with rigid frames accompanied with certain disadvantages incident thereto, to wit: constant jarring and vibration, rapidly deteriorating the whole structure, injurious strains arising from misdirected blows and otherwise, and the difficulty of making requisite adjustments from time to time and of renewing injured or deteriorated portions of the frame. Some powerhammers have been constructed with flexible frames; but among these difficulty has been met with in obtaining the necessary stiffness required to guidev the blows. In the use of these hammers experience demonstrates that at times, owing to the elasticity of the parts, the structural inaccuracies in the fitting thereof, the great jarring and vibration incident to the characterlof the work the hammer is required to perform, the unequal and twisting strains resulting from misapplied work, and the irregular surface or `uneven bending of the material being operated upon, lateral strains or side impulses of a sort most inj urious to the ordinary power-hammer frame are generated between the tup and the tup-guides at the moment the blow of the hammer is delivered, and heretofore the legs of the frame have generally been attached either directly to the lower part of the cylinder or to au entablature secured to the lower part thereof in such yposition that the center of gravity of the cylinder, entablature, piston, and pistonrod has been located considerably above the entablature and the point of connection of the legs thereto. ln this old and common construction the injurious lateral shocks or side impulses above referred to are whollyreceived by the naked legs of the frame and by them largely transmitted 'to the entablature and cylinder, which practically results in shortening the life of the hammer and leads directly to premature fracturing of the legs or stripping the cylinder from off the entablature. In flexible frames the guides for the tup are so sprung by these blows that the hammer-rod and stuffing-box of the cylinder are often greatly injured.

Now the object of my present invention is to remedy the above-mentioned defects, and to attain greater efficiency and durability by taking up and distributing throughout the several members of the frame in the least flestructive manner and with the best effect the great shocks, strains, and vibrations incident to the character of the work power-hammers are called upon to perform.

It is further my object to obtain a ready meansof adjustment in relation to theworking parts and the means whereby the deteriorated portion of the frame may be renewed without involving the whole structure.

It is furthermore a feature of this my invention that the -entablature carrying the cylinder is preferably so arranged upon and encircles the cylinder that any shocks or impulses which are not absorbed or taken up by the frame of the machine at or near the tup-guides and are transmitted to the cylinder and entablature shall be exerted in a plane approximating the center of gravity of the combined mass of the cylinder, entablature, piston, and piston-rod when the hammer has reached its point of impact or is within the limits of the range in which its effective blow is delivered, thereby reducing the danger' of fracturing the cylinder and its adjacent parts to a minimum and strengthening and steadying the entire structure.

These objects l have successfullyv accomplished by the combination with more or less liexible legs of certain central braces in connection with a modification of the entablature-braces described vin my concurrent application.

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1 is the cylinder, 2 the piston, and 3 the piston-rod, the functions andV inode of operation of which are well understood.

-l is the entablature er part of the trame by which the cylinder is secured. 'lhis part may be made integral 01 separate from the cylinder, as is found expedient; but I prefer to make the cylinder attachment as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, where it consists of a casing embracing the lower part et' the cylinder and extending well up upon it, the object being to prevent, as'much as possible, vibrator-y motion due to ilexure, and with the same object in view I further prefer that the points where the combined mass of the cylinder, entablature, piston, and piston-red is supported and braced shall lie in a horizontal plane, passing through or near to the center of gravity of the said mass at the time the blow is delivered.

5 5 are legs, each of which may be made in one piece, as shown in Figs. 3 and '-1, or the upper and lower portions (designated, respectively, 5 and 5) may be made separate from the rest, as shown in Fig. l. It is most desirable that the upper and lower portions of the legs should be made of thin but wide slabs of metal, in order that they may bend readily without passing the elastic limit of the metal when the central portion receives a heavy blow from the tup, and for this reason it is also desirable that the central portions should be comparatively massive, so that by their inertia they may tend te absorb the shocks occasioned by these blows.

6 is the tup, and 7 are the guides for the tup.

S are distance-pieces, the function of which is to prevent the legs from being thrust together and binding the tup.

9 is the top die, 10 the bottom die, and 11 the anvil.

12 are the base-plates on which the frame rests and through which it is belted.

13 13 are the central braces, which may consist of any suitable sort of rods extending from the central portion of the legs either to the foundation or the earth, or to some object attached to the ground. flhey need not necessarily be tension-braces. Struts extending diagonally to the ground and abutting either directly upon it or upon an elastic cushion, as shown in Fig. 10, would be equivalentdevices. The object of these braces is to take up the shock from the side blows of the tup and to secure the machine at or near the part where the blows arcdelivcred. The braces 13 are anchored, preferably, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, by being attached to the shoes 17, which are bolted securely to the shoe-plates 1S.

15 l5 are entablatu rc-braces, which, with the struts 16, act in transmitting any motion in the central portions of the legs to the entablature without placing the legs under the injurious transverse strains before mentioned, and they further prevent the flexible legs from being sprung away from the tup.

20 2O are bolts, which, though not essential, I have found very desirable, as will hereinafter appear. '.lhey pass from the legs en one side of the machine through tothe legs on the other side, and may be provided with nuts on both ends.

In place of the above-mentioned bolts, the central portions of the legs may be fashioned integral or fastened to one another in any other suitable manner, such as riveting', &c.

The peculiar merits of myimproved powerhammer will be made apparent by the brief description of the manner in which the strains are taken up and distributed. As was before stated, in beating down the work between the dies a side impulse is frequently given to the tup-we will say, for example, from the left to the right-in consequence of which, in my machine, a direct thrust is put upon the struts 1G on the right-hand side. This thrust is taken up by the braces 15 15 on the same side, which, being long and through a limited distance perfectly elastic, act as powerful springs, and communicate, without shock, tension strains down to the ground and up to the cnta-blature. The upper tension strain passes through the entablature and down to the ground on the other side by the braces 15 15 en t-he left. It will be seen that the struts 1G on the left arc thrown into compression, tending to thrust in the central portions of the legs against which they abut; but this inward movement is checked by the elastic tup-guide braces which are attached to them. After the impulse has ceased it will be seen that the tup-guide braces 13 on the right, acting' as a spring, prevent sudden recoil of the legs on that side. It will also be seen that, owing to the construction of the upper and lower portions of the legs, a slight flexure and adaptation will take place as they are thrown into compression.

ly the use of the bolts 2O 20,which are themselves elastic tension members, the strains on one side of the machine will be partly transmitted directly over te the other side, where they will be taken up by the tup-guide braces 13 on that side.

In place of the tension-braces 13, (shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3,) compression members or struts may be used, as shown in Fig. et, and their function still remains the same, only in this case the strains are taken up by struts en the same side as the blew, instead of, as

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in the case of tension-braces, on the opposite side. v

It will be seen that as the frame is iiexible by making the proper adjustments in the several braces a certain range in horizontal directions can be given to the top die over the bottom die without materially disturbing the vertical position of the hammer-rod, and this may often be found very advantageous. The adjustments referred to may be made by altering the length of the adjustable struts 16 and the length of the tup-guide braces 13, as shown in Fig. 3, or in any other suitable and convenient way.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In the frame of a tup-hammer, the combination, with the legs having tup-guiding portions secured to one another, of tup-guide braces, as the tension-rods 13, or their equivalent struts, attached to the tup guiding portions of said legs and secured to suitable anchorages outside the legs, and said anchorages, substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described.

2. In the frame of a tup-hammer, the combination, with the legs having tup-guiding portions secured to one another and the en together with the .said anchorages, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

3. In the frame of a tup-hammer, the combination, with the flexible legs having tupguiding portions secured to one another and the entablature, of external entablaturebraces consisting of elastic tension members attached to the upper portions of the structure andplaced outside the legs and secured to suitable anchorages, the said tension members being made in two or more sections and provided with struts adjustable in length and abutting against the central portions of the legs, and adjustable tup-guide braces secured to suitable anchorages outside the legs, together with the said anchorages, all substantially as and for the purposes specified.

4. In the frame of a tup-hammer, the combination, with the legs having tup-guiding portions secured to one another, each leg being made in two or more articulated sections, and the entablature, of external entablaturebraces consisting of elastic tension members attached to the upper portion of the structure and placed outside the legs and secured to suitable anchorages, the said tension members being made in two or more sections and provided with struts abutting against the central portions of the legs, and tup-guide braces attached to the tup-guiding portions of the legs and secured to suitable anchorages outside the legs, together with the said anchorages, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

5. In a power-hammer, the combination, with the cylinder, its pist-on, and piston-rod, of the frame comprising an entablature embracing the cylinder and supports and braces upholding and bracing the cylinder in a plane passing through or near the center of gravity of the combined'mass of the cylinder, entablature, piston, and piston-rod when the hammer has reached its point of impact, as an for the purposes described.

FREDERICK WV. TAYLOR.

Witnesses:

J osHUA MATLACK, Jr., J. A. GoLDsBoRoUeH.

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