US4194955A - Ultraviolet curable self-pigmented coating composition - Google Patents
Ultraviolet curable self-pigmented coating composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4194955A US4194955A US05/960,203 US96020378A US4194955A US 4194955 A US4194955 A US 4194955A US 96020378 A US96020378 A US 96020378A US 4194955 A US4194955 A US 4194955A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- coating composition
- mils
- composition
- styrene
- weight percent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of oxygen-containing monomers as defined in group C08F16/00
- C08F261/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of oxygen-containing monomers as defined in group C08F16/00 on to polymers of unsaturated aldehydes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D129/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Coating compositions based on hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D129/14—Homopolymers or copolymers of acetals or ketals obtained by polymerisation of unsaturated acetals or ketals or by after-treatment of polymers of unsaturated alcohols
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S525/00—Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 series
- Y10S525/931—Blend of stated incompatibility
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
- Y10T428/31627—Next to aldehyde or ketone condensation product
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
- Y10T428/31645—Next to addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
- Y10T428/31649—Ester, halide or nitrile of addition polymer
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31678—Of metal
- Y10T428/31688—Next to aldehyde or ketone condensation product
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31678—Of metal
- Y10T428/31692—Next to addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
Definitions
- Ultraviolet curable coating compositions are well known in the art. Their use has been increasing rapidly in recent years because of coating industry efforts to reduce polluting effluents. Another major concern has been a reduction in the amount of energy required to ultimately cure the coatings to the desired degree of crosslinking.
- non-pigmented coatings curars
- cure response has not been a problem in most instances apparently because clear coatings allow substantial through-and-through penetration of the film by the ultraviolet light.
- pigmented coatings a different problem has become apparent, particularly with white, titanium dioxide-based coatings.
- cure response properties have in many cases been so reduced that the coating did not cure below the surface leaving a non-cured liquid subsurface, or the coating remained soft and tacky. For this reason, there has been continuing development effort to provide new coating systems which minimize pollution problems and which are less energy-intensive.
- U.S. Pat. No. 3,642,672 describes a polyester resin composition which cures under heat and pressure to form a rigid product which is characterized by an optically heterogeneous appearance.
- the composition comprises a thermoplastic cellulose ester, an unsaturated polyester, and a polymerizable monomer.
- U.S. Pat. No. 3,907,656 describes a process in which the cure of a paint film having a binder that is polymerizable by irradiation is improved by providing entrapped opacifying gas bubbles within the paint film.
- the opacifying entrapped gas bubbles permit the use of less opacifying pigment such as titania.
- the film contains granules which entrap preformed opacifying gas bubbles.
- Optical opacity is achieved either by absorption of the incident light or by scattering of the incident light, or by a combination thereof.
- U.S. Pat. No. 3,984,584 describes the production of opaque coatings and films with compositions which contain (1) photosensitized light curing condensation resins having double bond values of 0.18 to 0.45; ((2) fillers having low covering capacity; (3) film forming cellulose derivatives or vinyl chloride copolymers; and (4) a non-reactive solvent.
- U.S. Pat. No. 3,993,798 describes a cured opaque coating with high hiding power produced from a normally transparent polyester paste filler composition.
- the composition consists essentially of unsaturated polyester, copolymerizable monomer, sensitizer, accelerator, non-reactive solvent and plasticizer, and filler material of low hiding power.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,005,244 describes an ultraviolet light curable coating composition
- an ultraviolet curable component which shrinks upon curing, a non-curable component, and a photoinitiator.
- the curable component and the non-curable component phase separate and dentritic microfractures appear at phase boundries to provide opacity to the cured coatings.
- an ultraviolet radiation curable coating composition comprising a homogeneous blend of (1) polyvinyl butyral, (2) vinyl acetate, (3) polymerizable monomer selected from trimethylolpropane triacrylate and pentaerythritol triacrylate, and (4) a photoinitiator.
- a typical curable coating composition of the present invention is a transparent low viscosity liquid medium which is transmissive of both visible and ultraviolet light.
- the invention composition After it has been coated on a substrate and cured by exposure to ultraviolet radiation, the invention composition has the appearance and properties of a hard glossy, white opaque-enamel film.
- the optical opacity of the cured coating has excellent hiding power and a high level of whitening effect, which is indicative of low absorption and maximum scattering of incident light.
- this invention provides a light-transmissive coating composition which is ultraviolet radiation curable to a white opaque film comprising (1) between about 5 and 20 weight percent of polyvinyl butyral, (2) between about 35 and 45 weight percent of vinyl acetate, (3) between about 35 to 45 weight percent of polymerizable monomer selected from trimethylolpropane triacrylate and pentaerythritol triacrylate, and (4) between about 1 and 10 weight percent of an ultraviolet-sensitive photoinitiator.
- polyvinyl butyral is an essential feature of a present invention coating composition.
- Polyvinyl butyral appears to be unique in the ability to impart optical opacity to the type of coating systems described herein. As demonstrated in Example III, either no optical opacity or a low level of optical opacity is imparted by a broad variety of resins which were screened as a coating composition component in comparison with polyvinyl butyral. It is to be noted additionally that polyvinyl formal is also unsatisfactory as an optical opacifier in comparison with polyvinyl butyral.
- the polyvinyl butyral resin component has an average molecular weight in the range between about 10,000 and 50,000, and most preferably in the range between about 30,000 and 40,000. Further, it is preferred that the free hydroxyl content is less than about 15 weight percent, calculated as weight percent of polyvinyl alcohol.
- Polyvinyl butyral of 34,000-38,000 average molcular weight is a white free-flowing powder.
- the viscosity of a 15 percent solution in 60:40 toluene/ethanol is about 100-200 cps when measured at 25° C. with a Brookfield Viscometer.
- Another important feature of a present invention coating composition is the presence of vinyl acetate as a first polymerizable composition component, and the presence of trimethylolpropane and/or pentaerythritol triacrylate as a second polymerizable component.
- Another feature of a present invention coating composition is the presence of an ultraviolet-sensitive photoinitiator.
- a conventional photoinitiator is suitable for incorporation in a present invention ultraviolet radiation curable coating composition.
- high energy ionizing particle irradiation, high energy ionizing electromagnetic radiation or actinic light may be employed as a source of radicals.
- the photoinitiator component is employed in a quantity between about 0.5 and 15 weight percent, based on total composition weight.
- the preferred quantity of photoinitiator will usually average in the range between about 1 and 10 weight percent.
- the photoinitiator component is selected to provide fast cure response when the curable resin coating composition is exposed to low energy activation from a light source having a wavelength in the range between about 2000 and 6000 angstroms.
- Suitable light sources are sunlamps, mercury arcs, carbon arcs, tungsten filament lamps, xenon arcs, krypton arcs, and the like.
- the preferred resin compositions of this invention are curable in less than about 5 seconds when irradiated with ultrviolet light at room temperature.
- the radiation emitting source is preferably within about twelve inches of the coating surface being cured.
- the photoinitiator component can be added as a single compound or a mixture of compounds.
- suitable photoinitiator compounds are those disclosed in Chemical Reviews, 68 (No. 2), 125 (1968), and in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,840,390; 3,864,133; and the like.
- Typical photoinitiator compounds include acyloin and derivatives thereof, such as benzoin, benzoin methyl ether, benzoin ethyl ether, benzoin isopropyl ether, benzoin isobutyl ether, desyl bromide, and ⁇ -methylbenzoin; diketones such as benzil and diacetyl, etc.; organic sulfides such as diphenyl monosulfide, diphenyl disulfide, desyl phenyl sulfide, and tetramethylthiuram monosulfide; S-acyl dithiocarbamates, such as S-benzoyl-N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamate and S-(p-chlorobenzoyl)-N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamate; phenones such as acetophenone, ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ -tribromoacetophenone, o-nitro-
- an amine can also be incorporated in the invention curable resin composition to accelerate the rate of curing by light radiation when the photoinitiator is an aryl ketone.
- Amines that exhibit this synergistic rate-enhancing effect include triethanolamine, tributylamine, triethylamine, and the like.
- a stabilizer component can be included in the coating composition.
- the stabilizer component can be a single compound or a mixture of compounds, and can be selected from the broad variety of compounds known in the art for stabilizing coating formulations to the action of heat and light.
- stabilizer compounds include barium, cadmium and zinc soaps and phenates, basic lead compounds, organo-tin compounds such as dialkyl tin mercaptides and dialkyltin maleates, thiolauric anhydride and n-butyl stannoic acid, epoxidized oil, alkyl diphenyl phosphites, triaryl phosphites, phenyl salicylates, benzophenones and benzotriazoles, and the like.
- organo-tin compounds such as dialkyl tin mercaptides and dialkyltin maleates, thiolauric anhydride and n-butyl stannoic acid, epoxidized oil, alkyl diphenyl phosphites, triaryl phosphites, phenyl salicylates, benzophenones and benzotriazoles, and the like.
- Other stabilizer compounds known and used in the art are listed in U.S. Pat. No
- the quantity of stabilizer component employed in a present invention coating composition will usually vary in the range between about 0.5 and 5 weight percent, based on total composition weight. On the average the quantity of stabilizer will vary in the range between about 1 and 4 weight percent.
- Employing a combination of stabilizer compounds e.g., a tin compound and a thiuram sulfide compound) is advantageous since the combination appears to impart a synergistic enhancement of stabilizer effect.
- an extender pigment which is generally transparent to both ultraviolet and visible light.
- suitable extender pigments are finely divided particles of silica, barytes, calcium carbonate, talc, magnesium, silicate, aluminum silicate, etc.
- the extender pigments do not ordinarily provide significant additional hiding, but they accelerate the rate at which opacity is obtained.
- Extender pigment is generally present in an amount in the range of from about 0 to about 40 percent by weight of the coating composition. An amount in the range of from about 0 to about 15 percent is most often preferred.
- a present invention ultraviolet radiation curable coating composition is readily prepared by the simple expediency of blending and dissolving the composition components together at room temperature with stirring until a homogeneous solution is obtained.
- the coating of substrates with an invention coating composition is accomplished by conventional application techniques such as spraying, dipping, curtain and roll coating, and the like.
- Substrates which may be coated with a composition of this invention may vary widely in their properties.
- Organic substrates such as wood, fiberboard, particle board, composition board, paper, cardboard and various polymers such as polyesters, polyamides, cured phenolic resins, cured aminoplasts, acrylics, polyurethanes and rubber may be used.
- Inorganic substrates are exemplified by glass, quartz and ceramic materials.
- Many metallic substrates may be coated. Exemplary metallic substrates are iron, steel, stainless steel, copper, brass, bronze, aluminum, magnesium, titanium, nickel, chromium, zinc, and alloys.
- the coated substrate is exposed to electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength above about 2000 angstroms and up to about 6000 angstroms.
- the optimal exposure time will vary, depending on such factors as film thickness, temperature, radiation power and the like.
- a mercury vapor radiation power of about 200 watts per linear inch set at a distance of 12 inches from the coating surface, a present invention curable resin coating will cure within about 0.1-0.25 seconds.
- a present invention cured coating composition exhibits excellent resistance to solvents and corrosive chemicals.
- Example II illustrates the resistance of an ultraviolet radiation cured coating composition to the action of solvents such as ethanol and methyl ethyl ketone, and to the action of chemicals such as sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide.
- This Example illustrates the production of present invention white opaque coatings in comparison with coatings not in accordance with this invention.
- compositions 3 and 4 in accordance with the present invention cured to glossy opaque coatings at film thicknesses of 3 and 6 mils.
- Compositions not in accordance with this invention cured to glossy transparent coatings at all three film thicknesses.
- This Example illustrates the chemical resistance properties of a present invention ultraviolet radiation cured coating compotion.
- composition listed in TABLE II was prepared and coated on an aluminum substrate in a 6 l mil thickness, and cured by 5 passes at 100 fpm under a 200 watt/inch medium pressure mercury lamp in air.
- This Example illustrates a screening of coating compositions not in accordance with the present invention.
- coating compositions differ from a present invention coating composition in that the polyvinyl butyral resin component has been replaced by a different kind of resin component.
- compositions cured with some degree of opaqueness, e.g., some of the compositions which contained styrene-butadiene, vinyltoluene-butadiene, styrene-acrylate, polyacrylate, chlorinated rubber or polyvinyl acetate as the resin component.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Abstract
This invention provides a substantially transparent curable coating composition which upon curing with ultraviolet radiation converts into a glossy opaque film. The invention ultraviolet radiation curable coating composition comprises a homogeneous blend of (1) polyvinyl butyral, (2) vinyl acetate, (3) trimethylolpropane triacrylate and/or pentaerythritol triacrylate, and (4) a photoinitiator.
Description
Ultraviolet curable coating compositions are well known in the art. Their use has been increasing rapidly in recent years because of coating industry efforts to reduce polluting effluents. Another major concern has been a reduction in the amount of energy required to ultimately cure the coatings to the desired degree of crosslinking. In non-pigmented coatings (clears) cure response has not been a problem in most instances apparently because clear coatings allow substantial through-and-through penetration of the film by the ultraviolet light. However, with pigmented coatings a different problem has become apparent, particularly with white, titanium dioxide-based coatings. In these instances, cure response properties have in many cases been so reduced that the coating did not cure below the surface leaving a non-cured liquid subsurface, or the coating remained soft and tacky. For this reason, there has been continuing development effort to provide new coating systems which minimize pollution problems and which are less energy-intensive.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,642,672 describes a polyester resin composition which cures under heat and pressure to form a rigid product which is characterized by an optically heterogeneous appearance. The composition comprises a thermoplastic cellulose ester, an unsaturated polyester, and a polymerizable monomer.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,907,656 describes a process in which the cure of a paint film having a binder that is polymerizable by irradiation is improved by providing entrapped opacifying gas bubbles within the paint film. The opacifying entrapped gas bubbles permit the use of less opacifying pigment such as titania. The film contains granules which entrap preformed opacifying gas bubbles. Optical opacity is achieved either by absorption of the incident light or by scattering of the incident light, or by a combination thereof.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,984,584 describes the production of opaque coatings and films with compositions which contain (1) photosensitized light curing condensation resins having double bond values of 0.18 to 0.45; ((2) fillers having low covering capacity; (3) film forming cellulose derivatives or vinyl chloride copolymers; and (4) a non-reactive solvent.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,993,798 describes a cured opaque coating with high hiding power produced from a normally transparent polyester paste filler composition. The composition consists essentially of unsaturated polyester, copolymerizable monomer, sensitizer, accelerator, non-reactive solvent and plasticizer, and filler material of low hiding power.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,005,244 describes an ultraviolet light curable coating composition comprising an ultraviolet curable component which shrinks upon curing, a non-curable component, and a photoinitiator. As the composition is cured by exposure to ultraviolet light, the curable component and the non-curable component phase separate and dentritic microfractures appear at phase boundries to provide opacity to the cured coatings.
There remains a need for new and improved ultraviolet light curable coating systems which satisfy more stringent pollution standards and energy conservation measures.
Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to provide a coating composition which is curable under minimal application of ultraviolet radiation.
It is another object of this invention to provide a low viscosity coating composition which is ultraviolet radiation curable as a 100 percent solids system.
It is a further object of this invention to provide a substantially transparent non-pigmented coating composition which is ultraviolet curable to a glossy white opaque enamel film on a substrate.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention shall become apparent from the accompanying description and examples.
One or more objects of the present invention are accomplished by the provision of an ultraviolet radiation curable coating composition comprising a homogeneous blend of (1) polyvinyl butyral, (2) vinyl acetate, (3) polymerizable monomer selected from trimethylolpropane triacrylate and pentaerythritol triacrylate, and (4) a photoinitiator.
Before it is cured by exposure to ultraviolet radiation, a typical curable coating composition of the present invention is a transparent low viscosity liquid medium which is transmissive of both visible and ultraviolet light.
After it has been coated on a substrate and cured by exposure to ultraviolet radiation, the invention composition has the appearance and properties of a hard glossy, white opaque-enamel film. The optical opacity of the cured coating has excellent hiding power and a high level of whitening effect, which is indicative of low absorption and maximum scattering of incident light.
In a preferred embodiment this invention provides a light-transmissive coating composition which is ultraviolet radiation curable to a white opaque film comprising (1) between about 5 and 20 weight percent of polyvinyl butyral, (2) between about 35 and 45 weight percent of vinyl acetate, (3) between about 35 to 45 weight percent of polymerizable monomer selected from trimethylolpropane triacrylate and pentaerythritol triacrylate, and (4) between about 1 and 10 weight percent of an ultraviolet-sensitive photoinitiator.
The presence of the polyvinyl butyral component is an essential feature of a present invention coating composition. Polyvinyl butyral appears to be unique in the ability to impart optical opacity to the type of coating systems described herein. As demonstrated in Example III, either no optical opacity or a low level of optical opacity is imparted by a broad variety of resins which were screened as a coating composition component in comparison with polyvinyl butyral. It is to be noted additionally that polyvinyl formal is also unsatisfactory as an optical opacifier in comparison with polyvinyl butyral.
In the preparation of a present invention coating composition, it is preferred that the polyvinyl butyral resin component has an average molecular weight in the range between about 10,000 and 50,000, and most preferably in the range between about 30,000 and 40,000. Further, it is preferred that the free hydroxyl content is less than about 15 weight percent, calculated as weight percent of polyvinyl alcohol.
Polyvinyl butyral of 34,000-38,000 average molcular weight is a white free-flowing powder. The viscosity of a 15 percent solution in 60:40 toluene/ethanol is about 100-200 cps when measured at 25° C. with a Brookfield Viscometer.
Another important feature of a present invention coating composition is the presence of vinyl acetate as a first polymerizable composition component, and the presence of trimethylolpropane and/or pentaerythritol triacrylate as a second polymerizable component.
As demonstrated in Example I and Table I, even when polyvinyl butyral is a composition component, optical opacity is not achieved if vinyl acetate is not a component, or if trimethylolpropane triacrylate and/or pentaerythritol triacrylate is not a component. Hence, vinyl pyrrolidone or styrene cannot be substituted for vinyl acetate, and tetraethylene glycol diacrylate or trimethylolethane triacrylate cannot be substituted for trimethylolpropane triacrylate and/or pentaerythritol triacrylate.
Another feature of a present invention coating composition is the presence of an ultraviolet-sensitive photoinitiator. A conventional photoinitiator is suitable for incorporation in a present invention ultraviolet radiation curable coating composition. While not preferred, in lieu of the chemical free radical photoinitiators, high energy ionizing particle irradiation, high energy ionizing electromagnetic radiation or actinic light may be employed as a source of radicals.
The photoinitiator component is employed in a quantity between about 0.5 and 15 weight percent, based on total composition weight. The preferred quantity of photoinitiator will usually average in the range between about 1 and 10 weight percent.
The photoinitiator component is selected to provide fast cure response when the curable resin coating composition is exposed to low energy activation from a light source having a wavelength in the range between about 2000 and 6000 angstroms. Suitable light sources are sunlamps, mercury arcs, carbon arcs, tungsten filament lamps, xenon arcs, krypton arcs, and the like. The preferred resin compositions of this invention are curable in less than about 5 seconds when irradiated with ultrviolet light at room temperature. The radiation emitting source is preferably within about twelve inches of the coating surface being cured.
The photoinitiator component can be added as a single compound or a mixture of compounds. Illustrative of suitable photoinitiator compounds are those disclosed in Chemical Reviews, 68 (No. 2), 125 (1968), and in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,840,390; 3,864,133; and the like. Typical photoinitiator compounds include acyloin and derivatives thereof, such as benzoin, benzoin methyl ether, benzoin ethyl ether, benzoin isopropyl ether, benzoin isobutyl ether, desyl bromide, and α-methylbenzoin; diketones such as benzil and diacetyl, etc.; organic sulfides such as diphenyl monosulfide, diphenyl disulfide, desyl phenyl sulfide, and tetramethylthiuram monosulfide; S-acyl dithiocarbamates, such as S-benzoyl-N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamate and S-(p-chlorobenzoyl)-N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamate; phenones such as acetophenone, α,α,α-tribromoacetophenone, o-nitro-α,α,α-tribromoacetophenone, benzophenone, and p,p-tetramethyldiaminobenzophenone; sulfonyl halides such as p-toluenesulfonyl chloride; and the like.
If desired, an amine can also be incorporated in the invention curable resin composition to accelerate the rate of curing by light radiation when the photoinitiator is an aryl ketone. Amines that exhibit this synergistic rate-enhancing effect include triethanolamine, tributylamine, triethylamine, and the like.
As an optical feature, a stabilizer component can be included in the coating composition. The stabilizer component can be a single compound or a mixture of compounds, and can be selected from the broad variety of compounds known in the art for stabilizing coating formulations to the action of heat and light.
The various types of stabilizer compounds include barium, cadmium and zinc soaps and phenates, basic lead compounds, organo-tin compounds such as dialkyl tin mercaptides and dialkyltin maleates, thiolauric anhydride and n-butyl stannoic acid, epoxidized oil, alkyl diphenyl phosphites, triaryl phosphites, phenyl salicylates, benzophenones and benzotriazoles, and the like. Other stabilizer compounds known and used in the art are listed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,510,035; 3,200,093; 3,485,788; 3,940,355; 3,944,717; and the like. An additional listing is set forth in "Polyvinyl Chloride", H. A. Sarvetnick; Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, N. Y., (1969).
The quantity of stabilizer component employed in a present invention coating composition will usually vary in the range between about 0.5 and 5 weight percent, based on total composition weight. On the average the quantity of stabilizer will vary in the range between about 1 and 4 weight percent. Employing a combination of stabilizer compounds (e.g., a tin compound and a thiuram sulfide compound) is advantageous since the combination appears to impart a synergistic enhancement of stabilizer effect.
Another optional ingredient for inclusion in a coating composition is an extender pigment which is generally transparent to both ultraviolet and visible light. Examples of suitable extender pigments are finely divided particles of silica, barytes, calcium carbonate, talc, magnesium, silicate, aluminum silicate, etc. The extender pigments do not ordinarily provide significant additional hiding, but they accelerate the rate at which opacity is obtained. Extender pigment is generally present in an amount in the range of from about 0 to about 40 percent by weight of the coating composition. An amount in the range of from about 0 to about 15 percent is most often preferred.
A present invention ultraviolet radiation curable coating composition is readily prepared by the simple expediency of blending and dissolving the composition components together at room temperature with stirring until a homogeneous solution is obtained.
The coating of substrates with an invention coating composition is accomplished by conventional application techniques such as spraying, dipping, curtain and roll coating, and the like.
Substrates which may be coated with a composition of this invention may vary widely in their properties. Organic substrates such as wood, fiberboard, particle board, composition board, paper, cardboard and various polymers such as polyesters, polyamides, cured phenolic resins, cured aminoplasts, acrylics, polyurethanes and rubber may be used. Inorganic substrates are exemplified by glass, quartz and ceramic materials. Many metallic substrates may be coated. Exemplary metallic substrates are iron, steel, stainless steel, copper, brass, bronze, aluminum, magnesium, titanium, nickel, chromium, zinc, and alloys.
The coated substrate is exposed to electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength above about 2000 angstroms and up to about 6000 angstroms. The optimal exposure time will vary, depending on such factors as film thickness, temperature, radiation power and the like. Generally, with a mercury vapor radiation power of about 200 watts per linear inch set at a distance of 12 inches from the coating surface, a present invention curable resin coating will cure within about 0.1-0.25 seconds.
While not being bound by any theory or mechanism of optical opacity formation in the ultraviolet radiation cured coating film, electron microscopy would seem to indicate that the whitening effect (i.e., the scattering of incident light) is due to the presence of insoluble beads of polyvinyl butyral in the thermoset crosslinked matrix of polymerized vinyl acetate and trimethylolpropane triacrylate and/or pentaerthyritol triacrylate components.
In addition to having a glossy white enamel appearance, a present invention cured coating composition exhibits excellent resistance to solvents and corrosive chemicals. Example II illustrates the resistance of an ultraviolet radiation cured coating composition to the action of solvents such as ethanol and methyl ethyl ketone, and to the action of chemicals such as sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide.
The following examples are further illustrative of the present invention. The reactants and other specific ingredients are presented as being typical, and various modifications can be devised in view of the foregoing disclosure within the scope of the invention.
This Example illustrates the production of present invention white opaque coatings in comparison with coatings not in accordance with this invention.
The ingredients listed in Table I were formulated into coating compositions and cast on glass at the film thicknesses indicated, and then ultraviolet radiation cured by 3 passes at 20 fpm under a 200 watt/inch medium pressure mercury lamp in air.
Compositions 3 and 4 in accordance with the present invention cured to glossy opaque coatings at film thicknesses of 3 and 6 mils. Compositions not in accordance with this invention cured to glossy transparent coatings at all three film thicknesses.
TABLE I
__________________________________________________________________________
Variation in Multifunctional Monomer
Composition 1 2 3 4 5 6
__________________________________________________________________________
Polyvinyl butyral
10 10 10 10 10 10
(B-79 Monsanto)
Vinyl Acetate -- -- 40 40 40 40
Vinyl pyrrolidone
40 -- -- -- -- --
Styrene -- 40 -- -- -- --
Trimethylolpropane triacrylate
40 40 40 -- -- --
Pentaerythritol triacrylate
-- -- -- 40 -- --
Tetraethylene glycol diacrylate
-- -- -- -- 40 --
Trimethylolethane triacrylate
-- -- -- -- -- 40
Benzoin ethyl ether
9 9 9 9 9 9
Dibutyl tin maleate
1 1 1 1 1 1
Solution Clarity
Clear
No Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
Solution
Whitening Effect
6 mils no -- yes yes no no
3 mils no -- yes yes no no
1 mil no -- no no no no
Whitening Index.sup.(1)
6 mils -- -- 94.3
83.2
-- --
3 mils -- -- 84.0
72.2
-- --
1 mil -- -- -- -- -- --
__________________________________________________________________________
.sup.(1) Whitening Index refers to L scale measurements on a Hunter
Associates Lab. Color/Difference Meter D25D2.
This Example illustrates the chemical resistance properties of a present invention ultraviolet radiation cured coating compotion.
The composition listed in TABLE II was prepared and coated on an aluminum substrate in a 6 l mil thickness, and cured by 5 passes at 100 fpm under a 200 watt/inch medium pressure mercury lamp in air.
TABLE II
______________________________________
Chemical Resistance Properties
Composition 7 8
______________________________________
Polyvinyl butyral (B-79, Monsanto)
10 10
Vinyl acetate 40 40
Microlith Blue 4GT (Ciba-Geigy)
5 --
Trimethylolpropane triacrylate
40 40
Benzoin ethyl ether 9 9
Dibutyl tin maleate 1 1
______________________________________
Films cured on aluminum at 6 mil, 5 passes at 100 fpm.
Chemical Resistance (24 hrs.)
7 8
______________________________________
10% Sulfuric acid no effect no effect
10% Sodium hydroxide no effect no effect
10% Acetic acid no effect no effect
Ethyl Alcohol slight slight
swelling swelling
Methyl ethyl ketone slight slight
swelling swelling
Merthiolate etched etched
______________________________________
This Example illustrates a screening of coating compositions not in accordance with the present invention.
These coating compositions differ from a present invention coating composition in that the polyvinyl butyral resin component has been replaced by a different kind of resin component.
The resins listed in TABLE III are supplied by the companies indicated below.
______________________________________
Pliolite HML, Goodyear
Unirez 7003, Union Camp
Pliolite VTL, Goodyear
RJ-100, Monsanto
Pliolite S5A, Goodyear
18-290, Amoco
Pliolite S5E, Goodyear
Pentalyn K, Hercules
Chlorowax 70, Diamond Shamrock
N/C 1/4"RS, Hercules
Acryloid B-16,Rohm and Haas
SMA 1000A, Arco
Parlon S-5, Hercules
50-42, Dupont
Vitel PE-100, Union Carbide
EPON 1001, Shell
Vitel PE-200, Union Carbide
Estane 5715, Goodrich
AYAC, Union Carbide
Estane 5703, Goodrich
VMCC, Union Carbide
Estane 5707F-1, Goodrich
QYOH, Union Carbide
Estane 5714F-1, Goodrich
Saran F-310, Dow Estane 5603F-2, Goodrich
______________________________________
It is to be noted that almost all of the coating compositions screened did not cure to an opaque film.
Several of the coating compositions cured with some degree of opaqueness, e.g., some of the compositions which contained styrene-butadiene, vinyltoluene-butadiene, styrene-acrylate, polyacrylate, chlorinated rubber or polyvinyl acetate as the resin component.
None of the opaque films produced by the above indicated coating compositions exhibited the high degree of whiteness characteristic of a cured film of a present invention coating composition which contain polyvinyl butyral as the non-polymerizable resin component. The whiteness of a present invention cured coating composition is comparable in appearance to that of a titania-containing enamel.
TABLE III
__________________________________________________________________________
Composition 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
__________________________________________________________________________
2
Pliolite HML (styrene-acrylate)
10 30 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Pliolite VTL (vinyl-toluene-butadiene)
-- -- 10 30 -- -- -- -- -- --
Pliolite ACL (styrene-acrylate)
-- -- -- -- 10 30 -- -- -- --
Pliolite S5A (styrene-butadiene)
-- -- -- -- -- -- 10 30 -- --
Pliolite S5E (styrene-butadiene)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 10 30
Chlorowax 70 (chlorinated paraffin, 70%)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Acryloid B-66 (acrylic)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Parlon S-5 (chlorinated rubber)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Vitel PE-100 (polyester)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Vitel PE-200 (polyester)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
AYAC (polyvinyl acetate)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
VMCC (polyvinyl chloride)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
QYOH (polyvinyl chloride)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Saran F-310 (polyvinylidene chloride)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Unirez 7003 (maleic rosin ester)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
RJ-100 (styrene-allyl alcohol)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
18-290 (polystyrene) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Pentalyn K (rosin ester)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
N/C "1/4" RS (nitrocellulose)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
SMA 1000A (styrene-maleic anhydride)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Trimethylolpropane triacrylate
40 30 40 30 40 30 40 30 40 30
Vinyl acetate 40 30 40 30 40 30 40 30 40 30
Benzoin ethyl ether 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
Dibutyl tin maleate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Solution Clarity Milky
Milky
Milky
Clear
Clear
Clear
Milky
Clear
Milky
Clear
Whitening Effect
6 mils yes yes yes yes yes yes yes no yes yes
3 mils yes no no no yes no no no yes no
1 mil yes no no no no no no no no no
Whitening Index
6 mils 96.9
84.1
94.7
81.8
95.9
83.7
87.5
81.1
94.8
75.
3 mils 88.6
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
1 mil 83.2
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
__________________________________________________________________________
Composition 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
__________________________________________________________________________
Pliolite HML (styrene-acrylate)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Pliolite VTL (vinyl-toluene-butadiene)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Pliolite ACL (styrene-acrylate)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Pliolite S5A (styrene-butadiene)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Pliolite S5E (styrene-butadiene)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Chlorowax 70 (chlorinated paraffin, 70%)
10 30 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Acryloid B-66 (acrylic)
-- -- 10 30 -- -- -- -- -- --
Parlon S-5 (chlorinated rubber)
-- -- -- -- 10 30 -- -- -- --
Vitel PE-100 (polyester)
-- -- -- -- -- -- 10 30 -- --
Vitel PE-200 (polyester)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 10 30
AYAC (polyvinyl acetate)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
VMCC (polyvinyl chloride)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
QYOH (polyvinyl chloride)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Saran F-310 (polyvinylidene chloride)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Unirez 7003 (maleic rosin ester)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
RJ-100 (styrene-allyl alcohol)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
18-290 (polystyrene) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Pentalyn K (rosin ester)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
N/C "1/4" RS (nitrocellulose)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
SMA 1000A (styrene-maleic anhydride)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Trimethylolpropane triacrylate
40 30 40 30 40 30 40 30 40 30
Vinyl acetate 40 30 40 30 40 30 40 30 40 30
Benzoin ethyl ether 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
Dibutyl tin maleate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Solution Clarity Cloudy
Cloudy
Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
No No No No
Solu-
Solu-
Solu-
Solu-
Whitening Effect tion
tion
tion
tion
6 mils no no yes no yes no no no no no
3 mils no no yes no yes no no no no no
1 mil no no no no no no no no no no
Whitening Index
6 mils -- -- 89.2
-- 88.1
-- -- -- -- --
3 mils -- -- 76.1
-- 74.2
-- -- -- -- --
1 mil -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
__________________________________________________________________________
Composition 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38
__________________________________________________________________________
Pliolite HML (styrene-acrylate
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Pliolite VTL (vinyl-toluene-butadiene)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Pliolite ACL (styrene-acrylate)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Pliolite S5A (styrene-butadiene)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Pliolite S5E (styrene-butadiene)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Chlorowax 70 (chlorinated paraffin, 70%)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Acryloid B-66 (acrylic)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Parlon S-5 (chlorinated rubber)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Vitel PE-100 (polyester)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Vitel PE-200 (polyester)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
AYAC (polyvinyl acetate)
10 30 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
VMCC (polyvinyl chloride)
-- -- 10 30 -- -- -- -- -- --
QYOH (polyvinyl chloride)
-- -- -- -- 10 30 -- -- -- --
Saran F-310 (polyvinylidene chloride)
-- -- -- -- -- -- 10 30 -- --
Unires 7003 (maleic rosin ester)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 10 30
RJ-100 (styrene-allyl alcohol)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
18-290 (polystyrene) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Pentalyn K (rosin ester)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
N/C "1/4" RS (nitrocellulose)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
SMA 1000A (styrene-maleic anhydride)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Trimethylolpropane triacrylate
40 30 40 30 40 30 40 30 40 30
Vinyl acetate 40 30 40 30 40 30 40 30 40 30
Benzoin ethyl ether 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
Dibutyl tin maleate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Solution Clarity Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear
Milky
Milky
No No Clear
Clear
Solu-
Solu-
tion
tion
Whitening Effect
6 mils yes no yes no no no no no no no
3 mils yes no yes no no no no no no no
1 mil no no no no no no no no no no
Whitening Index
6 mils 92.8
-- 84.2
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
3 mils 78.2
-- 71.8
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
1 mil -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
__________________________________________________________________________
Composition 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
__________________________________________________________________________
Pliolite HML (styrene-acrylate)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Pliolite VTL (vinyl-toluene-butadiene)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Pliolite ACL (styrene-acrylate)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Plioloite S5A (styrene-butadiene)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Pliolite S5E (styrene-butadiene)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Chlorowax 70 (chlorinated paraffin, 70%)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Acryloid B-66 (acrylic)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Parlon S-5 (chlorinated rubber)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Vitel PE-100 (polyester)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Vitel PE-200 (polyester)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
AYAC (polyvinyl acetate)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
VMCC (polyvinyl chloride)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
QYOH (polyvinyl chloride)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Saran F-310 (polyvinylidene chloride)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Unirex 7003 (maleic rosin ester)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
RJ-100 (styrene-allyl alcohol)
10 30 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
18-290 (polystyrene) -- -- 10 30 -- -- -- -- -- --
Pentalyn K (rosin ester)
-- -- -- -- 10 30 -- -- -- --
N/C "1/4" RS (nitrocellulose)
-- -- -- -- -- -- 10 30 -- --
SMA 1000A (styrene-maleic anhydride)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 10 30
Trimethylolpropane triacrylate
40 30 40 30 40 30 40 30 40 30
Vinyl acetate 40 30 40 30 40 30 40 30 40 30
Benzoin ethyl ether 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
Dibutyl tin maleate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Solution Clarity Clear
Clear
No No No No Clear
No No No
Solu-
Solu-
Solu-
Solu- Solu-
Solu-
Solu-
tion
tion
tion
tion tion
tion
tion
Whitening Effect
6 mils no no no no no no no no no no
3 mils no no no no no no no no no no
1 mil no no no no no no no no no no
Whitening Index
6 mils -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
3 mils -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
1 mil -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
__________________________________________________________________________
Composition 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58
__________________________________________________________________________
50-42 (polyvinyl alcohol)
10 30 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Cellulose acetate propionate
-- -- 10 30 -- -- -- -- -- --
Cellulose acetate butyrate
-- -- -- -- 10 30 -- -- -- --
Shellac -- -- -- -- -- -- 10 30 -- --
Epon 1001 (epoxy-bis A)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 10 30
Estane 5715 (polyurethane)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Estane 5703 (polyurethane)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Estane 5707F-1 (polyurethane)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Estane 5714F-1 (polyurethane)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Estane 5703F-2 (polyurethane)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Trimethylolpropane triacrylate
40 30 40 30 40 30 40 30 40 30
Vinyl acetate 40 30 40 30 40 30 40 30 40 30
Benzoin ethyl ether 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 1
Dibutyl tin maleate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Solution Clarity No No Clear
No Clear
No Solution - - - - - - - - - - -
Solu-
Solu- Solu-
tion
tion tion
Whitening Effect
6 mils no no no no no no no no no no
3 mils no no no no no no no no no no
1 mil no no no no no no no no no no
Whitening Index
6 mils -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
3 mils -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
1 mil -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
__________________________________________________________________________
Composition 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68
__________________________________________________________________________
50-42 (polyvinyl alcohol)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Cellulose acetate propionate
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Cellulose acetate butyrate
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Shellac -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Epon 1001 (epoxy-bis A)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Estane 5715 (polyurethane)
10 30 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Estane 5703 (polyurethane)
-- -- 10 30 -- -- -- -- -- --
Estane 5707F-1 (polyurethane)
-- -- -- -- 10 30 -- -- -- --
Estane 5714F-1 (polyurethane)
-- -- -- -- -- -- 10 30 -- --
Estane 5703F-2 (polyurethane)
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 10 30
Trimethylolpropane triacrylate
40 30 40 30 40 30 40 30 40 30
Vinyl acetate 40 30 40 30 40 30 40 30 40 30
Benzoin ethyl ether 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
Dibutyl tin maleate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Solution Clarity
No Solution - - - - - - - - - -
No Solution - - - - - - - - - -
Whitening Effect
6 mils no no no no no no no no no no
3 mils no no no no no no no no no no
1 mil no no no no no no no no no no
Whitening Index
6 mils -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
3 mils -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
1 mil -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
__________________________________________________________________________
Claims (3)
1. A light-transmissive coating composition which is ultraviolet radiation curable to a white opaque film comprising (1) between about 5 and 20 weight percent of polyvinyl butyral, (2) between about 35 and 45 weight percent of vinyl acetate, (3) between about 35 and 45 weight percent of polymerizable monomer selected from trimethylolpropane triacrylate and pentaerythritol triacrylate, and (4) between about 1 and 10 weight percent of an ultraviolet-sensitive photoinitiator.
2. A coating composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the polyvinyl butyral component has an average molecular weight in the range between about 10,000 and 50,000.
3. A coating composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the polyvinyl butyral component contains less than about 15 percent of free hydroxyl, calculated as weight percent polyvinyl alcohol.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/960,203 US4194955A (en) | 1978-11-13 | 1978-11-13 | Ultraviolet curable self-pigmented coating composition |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/960,203 US4194955A (en) | 1978-11-13 | 1978-11-13 | Ultraviolet curable self-pigmented coating composition |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US4194955A true US4194955A (en) | 1980-03-25 |
Family
ID=25502936
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/960,203 Expired - Lifetime US4194955A (en) | 1978-11-13 | 1978-11-13 | Ultraviolet curable self-pigmented coating composition |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4194955A (en) |
Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4308119A (en) * | 1979-02-21 | 1981-12-29 | Panelgraphic Corporation | Abrasion-resistant optical coating composition containing pentaerythritol based polyacrylates and cellulose esters |
| US4373007A (en) * | 1980-11-03 | 1983-02-08 | Panelgraphic Corporation | [Non-photoinitialio] non-photocatalyzed dipentaerythritol polyacrylate based coating compositions exhibiting high abrasion resistance |
| US4399192A (en) * | 1980-01-07 | 1983-08-16 | Panelographic Corporation | Radiation cured abrasion resistant coatings of pentaerythritol acrylates and cellulose esters on polymeric substrates |
| US4407855A (en) * | 1980-01-07 | 1983-10-04 | Panelographic Corporation | Method for forming an abrasion resistant coating from cellulose ester and pentaerythritol acrylates |
| US4555319A (en) * | 1981-12-21 | 1985-11-26 | Monsanto Company | Radiation-curable compositions comprising isocyanuric acid-acrolein derivatives |
| US4568564A (en) * | 1983-07-05 | 1986-02-04 | Permagrain Products, Inc. | Impregnated wood product having a bleached or white appearance and process for making the same |
| US4710539A (en) * | 1981-11-02 | 1987-12-01 | W. R. Grace & Co. | Heat activatable adhesive or sealant compositions |
| US5370968A (en) * | 1990-04-26 | 1994-12-06 | W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Photocurable elements having two photocurable layers |
| US5674623A (en) * | 1991-05-18 | 1997-10-07 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Photocurable film adhesives |
| US6331582B1 (en) | 1999-05-03 | 2001-12-18 | Solutia Inc. | Low gloss coating |
| WO2002008346A1 (en) * | 2000-07-24 | 2002-01-31 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Method for coating substrates |
| US6841605B1 (en) * | 1998-09-24 | 2005-01-11 | Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd. | Adhesive composition for metal foil, and adhesive-coated metal foil, metal-clad laminate and related materials using the same |
| US20060003901A1 (en) * | 2004-07-02 | 2006-01-05 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien (Henkel Kgaa) | Dry film lubricant |
| US20060134406A1 (en) * | 2003-01-22 | 2006-06-22 | Lintec Corporation | Pressure sensitive adhesive sheet, method of protecting semiconductor wafer surface and method of processing work |
| US20110151225A1 (en) * | 2009-12-22 | 2011-06-23 | Michael Damian Bowe | Opaque wet, see-through dry weather-resistive barriers and methods for making |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3907656A (en) * | 1971-11-11 | 1975-09-23 | Scm Corp | Process for ultraviolet pigmented hardening of pigmented paint films |
| US3993798A (en) * | 1972-06-19 | 1976-11-23 | Basf Farben & Fasern Aktiengesellschaft | Cured opaque coating with high hiding power produced from normally transparent polyester paste filler compositions |
| US4005244A (en) * | 1974-09-30 | 1977-01-25 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Ultraviolet light curable opacifying compositions |
| US4054498A (en) * | 1976-08-09 | 1977-10-18 | American Can Company | White photopolymerizable epoxide compositions |
| US4118366A (en) * | 1972-12-27 | 1978-10-03 | Basf Farben & Fasern Ag | Compositions for the production of opaque coatings by radiation |
-
1978
- 1978-11-13 US US05/960,203 patent/US4194955A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3907656A (en) * | 1971-11-11 | 1975-09-23 | Scm Corp | Process for ultraviolet pigmented hardening of pigmented paint films |
| US3993798A (en) * | 1972-06-19 | 1976-11-23 | Basf Farben & Fasern Aktiengesellschaft | Cured opaque coating with high hiding power produced from normally transparent polyester paste filler compositions |
| US4118366A (en) * | 1972-12-27 | 1978-10-03 | Basf Farben & Fasern Ag | Compositions for the production of opaque coatings by radiation |
| US4005244A (en) * | 1974-09-30 | 1977-01-25 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Ultraviolet light curable opacifying compositions |
| US4054498A (en) * | 1976-08-09 | 1977-10-18 | American Can Company | White photopolymerizable epoxide compositions |
Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4308119A (en) * | 1979-02-21 | 1981-12-29 | Panelgraphic Corporation | Abrasion-resistant optical coating composition containing pentaerythritol based polyacrylates and cellulose esters |
| US4399192A (en) * | 1980-01-07 | 1983-08-16 | Panelographic Corporation | Radiation cured abrasion resistant coatings of pentaerythritol acrylates and cellulose esters on polymeric substrates |
| US4407855A (en) * | 1980-01-07 | 1983-10-04 | Panelographic Corporation | Method for forming an abrasion resistant coating from cellulose ester and pentaerythritol acrylates |
| US4373007A (en) * | 1980-11-03 | 1983-02-08 | Panelgraphic Corporation | [Non-photoinitialio] non-photocatalyzed dipentaerythritol polyacrylate based coating compositions exhibiting high abrasion resistance |
| US4710539A (en) * | 1981-11-02 | 1987-12-01 | W. R. Grace & Co. | Heat activatable adhesive or sealant compositions |
| US4555319A (en) * | 1981-12-21 | 1985-11-26 | Monsanto Company | Radiation-curable compositions comprising isocyanuric acid-acrolein derivatives |
| US4568564A (en) * | 1983-07-05 | 1986-02-04 | Permagrain Products, Inc. | Impregnated wood product having a bleached or white appearance and process for making the same |
| US5370968A (en) * | 1990-04-26 | 1994-12-06 | W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Photocurable elements having two photocurable layers |
| US5674623A (en) * | 1991-05-18 | 1997-10-07 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Photocurable film adhesives |
| US6841605B1 (en) * | 1998-09-24 | 2005-01-11 | Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd. | Adhesive composition for metal foil, and adhesive-coated metal foil, metal-clad laminate and related materials using the same |
| US6331582B1 (en) | 1999-05-03 | 2001-12-18 | Solutia Inc. | Low gloss coating |
| WO2002008346A1 (en) * | 2000-07-24 | 2002-01-31 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Method for coating substrates |
| US6737122B2 (en) | 2000-07-24 | 2004-05-18 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Method for coating substrates |
| US20060134406A1 (en) * | 2003-01-22 | 2006-06-22 | Lintec Corporation | Pressure sensitive adhesive sheet, method of protecting semiconductor wafer surface and method of processing work |
| US20060003901A1 (en) * | 2004-07-02 | 2006-01-05 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien (Henkel Kgaa) | Dry film lubricant |
| US20110151225A1 (en) * | 2009-12-22 | 2011-06-23 | Michael Damian Bowe | Opaque wet, see-through dry weather-resistive barriers and methods for making |
| US8722149B2 (en) | 2009-12-22 | 2014-05-13 | Rohm And Haas Company | Opaque wet, see-through weather-resistive barriers and methods for making |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US4194955A (en) | Ultraviolet curable self-pigmented coating composition | |
| US4900763A (en) | Ultraviolet radiation curable vehicles | |
| US3898349A (en) | Polyene/polythiol paint vehicle | |
| US4048036A (en) | Process for producing films of low gloss by exposure to ultraviolet light | |
| CA1233931A (en) | Photosensitive hydroxyalkylphenones | |
| US5013768A (en) | Photopolymerizable coating composition and process for forming a coating having a stereoscopic pattern | |
| CA1155703A (en) | Process for production of protective layers for photographic materials by irradiating a coating composition containing an acrylic compound and photoinitiator | |
| US4265976A (en) | Radiation-curable coated article having moisture barrier propetes | |
| JPS6017104B2 (en) | water resistant photo paper support | |
| GB1591556A (en) | Uv curable coating compositions | |
| SK137199A3 (en) | Alkyl-bisacylphosphinoxide mixtures | |
| US20070269720A1 (en) | Alkali-Developable, Colored Photosensitive Resin Composition and Color Filter Using The Alkali-Developable, Colored Photosensitive Resin Composition | |
| GB2119810A (en) | UV and thermally curable, thermoplastic-containing compositions | |
| WO2006109572A1 (en) | Reactive epoxy carboxylates and actinic radiation curable resin compositions containing the same | |
| US4016306A (en) | Process for forming a coated film in water | |
| EP0662991A1 (en) | Pigmented compositions and methods for producing radiation curable coatings of very low gloss | |
| EP0511860B1 (en) | Photocurable compositions | |
| CA1078098A (en) | Radiation curable coatings | |
| US3993798A (en) | Cured opaque coating with high hiding power produced from normally transparent polyester paste filler compositions | |
| US4100329A (en) | Drafting film | |
| US4201642A (en) | Radiation-curable coating composition having utility as a moisture barrier film | |
| GB1442790A (en) | Coating composition | |
| US4055430A (en) | Light sensitive material containing an ethylene compound dye former, an organic polymer compound containing chlorine and a plasticizer | |
| US3817924A (en) | Polymeric ultraviolet light stabilizers prepared from phenol formaldehyde condensates | |
| US5004762A (en) | Radiation curable compositions based on 4-acetoxystyrene and 4-hydroxystyrene homopolymers |