US4167451A

US4167451A - N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone refining unit control system

Info

Publication number: US4167451A
Application number: US05/952,895
Authority: US
Inventors: Avilino Sequeira, Jr.; Frank L. Barger
Original assignee: Texaco Inc
Current assignee: Texaco Inc
Priority date: 1978-10-19
Filing date: 1978-10-19
Publication date: 1979-09-11
Anticipated expiration: 1998-10-19

Abstract

A system controls a refining unit in which the refining unit includes an extractor receiving N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solvent, hereafter referred to as MP, and charge oil, one of which is at a predetermined flow rate while the other flow rate is to be controlled and providing raffinate and extract mix. The control system includes sensors sensing the flow rate, the gravity, the viscosity, the refractive index and the sulfur content of the charge oil. Other sensors sense the flow rate of the MP and the temperature of the extract mix. The signals from the sensors are provided to control apparatus which controls the other flow rate of the charge oil and the MP flow rates in accordance with the signals from the sensors.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to control systems in general and, more particularly, to control systems for oil refining units.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A refining unit treats charge oil with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solvent, hereafter referred to as MP, in an extractor which provides raffinate and extract mix. The raffinate is subsequently processed to yield refined oil. The MP is recovered from the raffinate and from the extract mix and returned to the extractor. A system controlling the refining unit includes a gravity analyzer, viscosity analyzers, a refractometer and a sulfur analyzer. The analyzers analyze the charge oil and provide corresponding signals. Flow rate sensors sense the flow rates of the charge oil and the MP entering the extractor and provide flow rate signals. One of the flow rates of the charge oil and the MP flow rate is a constant flow rate while the other flow rate is controllable. The controllable flow rate is controlled in accordance with the signals provided by the refractometer, all the sensors and the analyzers.

The objects and advantages of the invention will appear more fully hereinafter from a consideration of the detailed description which follows, taken together with the accompanying drawings wherein one embodiment of the invention is illustrated by way of example. It is to be expressly understood, however, that the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as defining the limits of the invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a simplified block diagram of a control system, constructed in accordance with the present invention, for controlling an oil refining unit shown in partial schematic form.

FIG. 2 is a simplified block diagram of the control means shown in FIG. 1.

FIGS. 3 through 23 are simplified block diagrams of the H computer, the K signal means, the H signal means, the KV computer, the VI signal means, the SUS computer, the SUS₂₁₀ computer, the VI_DWC.sbsb.O computer, the VI_DWC.sbsb.P computer, the ΔRI computer, the J computer, the J computer, the VI_DWC.sbsb.O computer, the ΔRI computer, the J computer, the J computer, the VI_DWC.sbsb.O computer, the RI computer, the J computer, the J computer and the selection means, respectively, shown in FIG. 2.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

An extractor 1 in a refining unit receiving charge oil by way of a line 4 and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solvent, hereafter referred to as MP, by way of a line 7 and providing raffinate to recovery by way of a line 10, and an extract mix to recovery by way of a line 14. The raffinate is subsequently processed to yield refined oil. The temperature in extractor 1 is controlled by cooling water passing through a line 16. A gravity analyzer 20 viscosity analyzers 23 and 24, a refractometer 26 and a sulfur analyzer 28, sample the charge oil in line 4 and provide signals API, KV₂₁₀, KV₁₅₀, RI and S, respectively, corresponding to the API gravity, the flash point, the kinematic viscosity at 210° F., and the kinematic viscosity at 150° F., the refractive index and the sulfur content, respectively, of the charge oil.

A flow transmitter 30 in line 4 provides a signal CHG corresponding to the flow rate of the charge oil in line 4. Another flow transmitter 33 in line 7 provides a signal SOLV corresponding to the MP flow rate. A temperature sensor 38, sensing the temperature of the extract mix leaving extractor 1, provides a signal T corresponding to the sensed temperature. All signals hereinbefore mentioned are provided to control means 40.

Control means 40 provides signal C to a flow recorder controller 43. Recorder controller 43 receives signals CHG and C and provides a signal to a valve 48 to control the flow rate of the charge oil in line 4 in accordance with signals CHG and C so that the charge oil assumes a desired flow rate. Signal T is also provided to temperature controller 50. Temperature controller 50 provides a signal to a valve 51 to control the amount of cooling water entering extractor 1 and hence the temperature of the extract-mix in accordance with its set point position and signal T.

The following equations are used in practicing the present invention for light sweet charge oil, that is a charge oil having a sulfur content equal to or less than a predetermined sulfur content and having kinematic viscosity, corrected to a predetermined temperature, equal to or less than a first predetermined kinematic viscosity:

H.sub.210 =lnln(KV.sub.210 +C.sub.1)                       1.

where H₂₁₀ is a viscosity H value for 210° F., KV₂₁₀ is the kinematic viscosity of the charge oil at 210° F. and C₁ is a constant having a preferred value of 0.6.

H.sub.150 =lnln(KV.sub.150 +C.sub.1)                       2.

where H₁₅₀ is a viscosity H value for 150° F., and KV₁₅₀ is the kinematic viscosity of the charge oil at 150° F.

k.sub.150 =[c.sub.2 -ln(T.sub.150 +C.sub.3)]/C.sub.4,      3.

where K₁₅₀ is a constant needed for estimation of the kinematic viscosity at 100° F., T₁₅₀ is 150, and C₂ through C₄ are constants having preferred values of 6.5073, 460 and 0.17937, respectively.

H.sub.100 =H.sub.210 +(H.sub.150 -H.sub.210)/K.sub.150,    4.

where H₁₀₀ is a viscosity H value for 100° F.

kv.sub.100 =exp[exp(H.sub.100)]-C.sub.1,                   5.

where KV₁₀₀ is the kinematic viscosity of the charge oil at 100° F.

sus=c.sub.5 (kv.sub.210)+[c.sub.6 +c.sub.7 (kv.sub.210)]/[c.sub.8 +c.sub.9 (kv.sub.210)+c.sub.10 (kv.sub.210).sup.2 +c.sub.11 (kv.sub.210).sup.3 ](c.sub.12),                                              6.

where SUS is a factor needed in equation 7 and C₅ through C₁₂ are constants having preferred values of 4.6324, 1.0, 0.03264, 3930.2, 262.7, 23.97, 1.646 and 10^-5, respectively.

SUS.sub.210 =[C.sub.13 +C.sub.14 (C.sub.15 -C.sub.16)]SUS, 7.

where SUS₂₁₀ is the viscosity in Saybolt Universal Seconds at 210° F. and C₁₃ through C₁₆ are constants having preferred values of 1.0, 0.000061, 210 and 100, respectively.

VI.sub.DWC.sbsb.O =-C.sub.17 -C.sub.18 (S)+C.sub.19 (KV.sub.210).sup.2 +C.sub.20 (VI).sup.2 +C.sub.21 (S).sup.2 +C.sub.22 (API)(KV.sub.210)-C.sub.23 (KV.sub.210)(VI)+C.sub.24 (VI)(S), 8.

where VI is the viscosity index of the light charge oil for 0° F. and C₁₇ through C₂₄ are constants having preferred values of 18.067, 51.155, 1.0108, 0.0084733, 2.2188, 1.0299, 0.34233 and 0.67215, respectively.

VI.sub.DWC.sbsb.p =VI.sub.DWC.sbsb.O +(POUR)[C.sub.25 -C.sub.26 lnSUS.sub.210 +C.sub.27 (lnSUS.sub.210).sup.2 ],          9.

where VI_DWC.sbsb.P and Pour are the viscosity index of the dewaxed product at a predetermined temperature and the pour point of the dewaxed product, respectively, and C₂₅ through C₂₇ are constants having preferred values of 2.856, 1.18 and 0.126, respectively.

ΔVI=VI.sub.RO -VI.sub.DWC.sbsb.O =VI.sub.RP -VI.sub.DWC.sbsb.P, 10.

where VI_RO and VI_RP are the viscosity indexes of the refined oil at 0° F., and at the predetermined temperature, respectively.

ΔRI=[C.sub.28 +C.sub.29 (KV.sub.210)-C.sub.30 (S).sup.2 +C.sub.31 (ΔVI)(API)-C.sub.32 (API).sup.2 +C.sub.33 (API)(KV.sub.210)+C.sub.34 (VI).sup.2 -C.sub.35 (KV.sub.210)(VI)+C.sub.36 (VI)(S)+C.sub.37 (ΔVI)(KV.sub.210)]C.sub.38,                         11.

where ΔRI is the change in refractive indexes between the light charge oil and the raffinate and C₂₈ through C₃₈ are constants having preferred values of 99.848, 41.457, 32.735, 0.11641, 0.37573, 23635, 0.03488, 1.3274, 1.2068, 0.25432 and 10^-4, respectively.

J=-C.sub.39 +C.sub.40 (ΔRI)+C.sub.41 (S).sup.2 -C.sub.42 (KV.sub.210)(T)+C.sub.43 (VI) -C.sub.44 (S)+C.sub.45 (ΔRI)(ΔVI)-C.sub.46 (ΔVI)(T),           12.

where J is the MP dosage for the light sweet charge oil and C₃₉ through C₄₆ having preferred values of 31.022, 12315, 558.75, 0.08962, 2.9954, 860.35, 496.1 and 0.062708, respectively.

C=(SOLV)(100)/J                                            13.

for light sour charge oil, that is a charge oil having a sulfur content greater than the predetermined sulfur content and having temperature corrected kinematic viscosity equal to or less than the first predetermined kinematic viscosity, equations 1 through 10 and 13 are used. However, equation 12 is replaced by the following equation 14.

J=C.sub.47 -C.sub.48 (ΔVI)-C.sub.49 (KV.sub.210).sup.2 -C.sub.50 (S)(T)+C.sub.51 (KV.sub.210)(T) -C.sub.52 (VI)+C.sub.53 (ΔRI)(ΔVI),                                   14.

where J is the MP dosage for light sour charge oil and C₄₇ through C₅₃ are constants having preferred values of 1495.9, 28.791, 23.287, 2.8512, 0.6435, 3.7239 and 639.44, respectively.

For medium sweet charge oil, that is a charge oil having a sulfur content equal to or less than the predetermined sulfur content and having a temperature corrected kinematic viscosity greater than the first predetermined kinematic viscosity but equal to or less than a second predetermined kinematic viscosity, equations 1 through 7, 9, 10 and 13 are used, along with the following three equations:

VI.sub.DWC.sbsb.O =C.sub.54 -C.sub.55 (VI)+C.sub.56 (S).sup.2 -C.sub.57 (RI)(API) +C.sub.58 (API)(VI)-C.sub.59 (API)(S),          15.

where VI_DWC.sbsb.O is the viscosity index of the medium charge oil at 0° F. and C₅₄ through C₅₉ are constants having preferred values of 838.96, 11.504, 3.1748, 19.19, 0.42412 and 0.38322, respectively.

ΔRI=[C.sub.60 -C.sub.61 (ΔVI)-C.sub.62 (KV.sub.210).sup.2 +C.sub.63 (VI).sup.2

   -c.sub.64 (kv.sub.210)(api)+c.sub.65 (Δvi)(kv.sub.210)

   +c.sub.66 (api)(s)-c.sub.67 (vi)(s)-c.sub.68 (Δvi).sup.2 ]c.sub.69,                                                16.

where ΔRI is the change in refractive index between the medium charge oil and the raffinate and C₆₀ through C₆₉ are constants having preferred values of 386.48, 14.544, 1.4528, 0.01232, 1.4923, 2.4913, 27.217, 8.3297, 0.056978, and 10^-4, respectively.

J=C.sub.70 +C.sub.71 (ΔRI)-C.sub.72 (T)+C.sub.73 (T).sup.2 +C.sub.74 (S)(T)

  +c.sub.75 (kv.sub.210)(t)-c.sub.76 (vi)-c.sub.77 (s)-c.sub.78 (Δri)(t)

  +c.sub.79 (Δri)(Δvi),                        17.

where J is the MP dosage for the medium sweet charge oil and C₇₀ through C₇₉ are constants having preferred values of 271.97, 83944, 4.648, 0.026 549,11.487, 0.32774, 4.6927, 3103.3, 610.25 and 759.81, respectively.

Medium sour charge oil is a charge oil having a sulfur content greater than the predetermined sulfur content and having a temperature corrected kinematic viscosity greater than the first predetermined kinematic viscosity but equal to or less than the second predetermined kinematic viscosity.

For medium sour charge oil, equations 1 through 7, 9, 10, 13, 15 and 16 are used along with the following equation:

J=C.sub.80 +C.sub.81 (ΔRI)+C.sub.82 (S).sup.2 -C.sub.83 (VI).sup.2 +C.sub.84 (T).sup.2

  +c.sub.85 (s)(t)-c.sub.86 (kv.sub.210)(t)-c.sub.87 (s)-c.sub.88 (Δri)(t)

  +c.sub.89 (Δri)(Δvi),                        18.

where J is the MP dosage for the medium sour charge oil and C₈₀ through C₈₉ are constants having preferred values of 690.21, 51327, 115.13, 0.078784, 0.034373, 3.7926, 0.41528, 974.48, 404.34 and 218.61, respectively.

Heavy sweet charge oil is charge oil having a sulfur content equal to or less than the predetermined sulfur content and having a temperature corrected kinematic viscosity greater than the second predetermined kinematic viscosity.

For heavy sweet charge oil, equations 1 through 7, 9, 10 and 13 are used as well as the following equations:

VI.sub.DWC.sbsb.O =C.sub.90 -C.sub.91 (RI)+C.sub.92 (API).sup.2 -C.sub.93 (RI)(S)+C.sub.94 (KV.sub.210)(VI) +C.sub.95 (KV.sub.210)(S), 19.

where VI_DWC.sbsb.O is the viscosity index of the heavy charge oil at 0° F. and C₉₀ through C₉₅ are constants having preferred values of 600.63, 434.96, 0.14988, 6.9334, 0.01532 and 0.79708, respectively.

ΔRI=[-C.sub.96 +C.sub.97 (API).sup.2 -C.sub.98 (S).sup.2 +C.sub.99 (ΔVI)(KV.sub.210)+C.sub.100 (ΔVI)(S)+C.sub.101 (KV.sub.210)(S)]C.sub.102,                                20.

where ΔRI is the change in refractive index between the heavy charge oil and the raffinate and C₉₆ through C₁₀₂ are constants having preferred values of 436.46, 0.89521, 11.537, 0.26756, 0.96234, 3.007 and 10^-4, respectively.

J=-C.sub.103 +C.sub.104 (ΔVI)+C.sub.105 (T).sup.2 -C.sub.106 (S)+C.sub.107 (ΔRI)(ΔVI)-C.sub.108 (ΔVI)(T), 21.

where J is the MP dosage for the heavy sweet charge oil and C₁₀₃ through C₁₀₈ are constants having preferred values of 363.41, 37.702, 0.020911, 492.43, 543.2 and 0.27069, respectively.

Heavy sour charge oil is a charge oil having a sulfur content greater than the predetermined sulfur content and having a temperature corrected kinematic viscosity greater than the second predetermined kinematic viscosity.

For heavy sour charge oil, equations 1 through 7, 9, 10, 13, 19 and 20 and the following equation:

J=C.sub.109 -C.sub.110 (ΔVI)+C.sub.111 (S).sup.2 -C.sub.112 (VI).sup.2 -C.sub.113 (S)(T)

  +c.sub.114 (kv.sub.210)(t)+c.sub.115 (kv.sub.210)+c.sub.116 (Δri)(t)

  +c.sub.117 (Δri)(Δvi),                       22.

where J is the solvent dosage for heavy sour charge oil and C₁₀₉ through C₁₁₇ are constants having preferred values of 1.3254, 9.5485, 55.4, 0.05189, 2.3087, 0.042058, 15.767, 27.712 and 280.25, respectively.

Referring now to FIG. 2, signal KV₂₁₀ is provided to an H computer 50 in control means 40, while signal KV₁₅₀ is applied to an H computer 50A. It should be noted that elements having a number and a letter suffix are similar in construction and operation as to those elements having the same numeric designation without a suffix. All elements in FIG. 2, except elements whose operation is obvious, will be disclosed in detail hereinafter.

Computers

50 and 50A provide signals E₁ and E₂ corresponding to H₂₁₀ and H₁₅₀, respectively, in equations 1 and 2, respectively, to H signal means 53. K signal means 55 provides a signal E₃ corresponding to the term K₁₅₀ in equation 3 to H signal means 53. H signal means 53 provides a signal E4 corresponding to the term H₁₀₀ in equation 4 to the KV computer 60 which provides a signal E₅ corresponding to term KV₁₀₀ in accordance with signal E₄ and equation 5 as hereinafter explained.

Signals E₅ and KV₂₁₀ are applied to VI signal means 63 which provides a signal E₆ corresponding to the viscosity index.

An SUS computer 65 receives signal KV₂₁₀ and provides a signal E₇ corresponding to the term SUS in accordance with the received signals and equation 6 as hereinafter explained.

An SUS 210 computer 68 receives signal E₇ and supplies signal E₈ corresponding to the term SUS₂₁₀ in accordance with the received signal and equation 7 as hereinafter explained.

A VI_DWC.sbsb.O computer 70 receives signal KV₂₁₀, API, S and E₆ and provides a signal E₉ corresponding to the term VI_DWC.sbsb.O in accordance with the received signals and equation 8 as hereinafter explained.

A VI_DWC.sbsb.P computer 72 receives signal E₈ and E₉ and provides a signal E₁₀ corresponding to the term VI_DWC.sbsb.P in accordance with the received signals and equation 9. Subtracting means 76 performs the function of equation 10 by subtracting signal E₁₀ from voltage V₉ corresponding to the term VI_RP, in equation 10, to provide a signal E₁₁ corresponding to the term ΔVI in equation 10.

A ΔRI computer 78 receives signals API, KV₂₁₀, S, E₁₁ and E₆ and provides a signal E₁₂ corresponding to a term ΔRI, in accordance with the received signals and equation 11, as hereinafter explained.

A J computer 80 receives signals KV₂₁₀, S, T, E₆, E₁₁ and E₁₂ and provides a signal E₁₃ corresponding to the term J in accordance with the received signals and equation 12 as hereinafter explained.

It should be noted that the dosage J just previously described, is for light sweet charge oil. As the rest of the operation of control means 40 continues to be described it will be noted that there will be a J signal for each of the different types of charge oil, that is, light sweet charge oil, light sour charge oil, medium sweet charge oil, medium sour charge oil, heavy sweet charge oil and heavy sour charge oil. It will be appreciated that since there is no previous switching being done that each J computer will provide a J signal, so that there will be six J signals. However, only one of them is a correct and proper signal and that one signal being associated with the charge oil that is in line 4. Therefore, the J signals such as signal E₁₃, are applied to selection means 81, which will be described in greater detail hereinafter. Selection means 81 selects the proper J signal as determined in accordance with signal KV₂₁₀ and S and provides the selected J signal to a divider 84. A multiplier 85 multiplies signal SOLV with a direct current voltage V₂ corresponding to a value of 100 to provide a signal corresponding to the term (SOLV)(100) in equation 13. The signal from multiplier 85 is divided into the signal from selection means 81 to provide signal C.

Another J computer 88 provides a signal E₁₅ corresponding to the J factor in equation 14 for light sour charge oil. J computer 88 receives signals S, T, KV₂₁₀, E₆, E₁₁ and E₁₂ and provide signal E₁₅ in accordance with the received signal and equation 14.

Another VI_DWC.sbsb.O computer 93 receives signals RI, S, API and E₆ and provides a signal E₁₇ corresponding to the term VI_DWC.sbsb.O in equation 15 in accordance with the received signals and equation 15 as hereinafer explained. A VI_DWC.sbsb.P computer 72A provides a signal E₁₈ corresponding to the term VI_DWC.sbsb.P in equation 9, in accordance with signals E₈ and E₁₇ and equation 9. Subtracting means 76A subtracts signal E₁₈ from voltage V₉ to provide a signal E₁₉ corresponding to the term ΔVI in equation 10.

A ΔRI computer 95 receives signals KV₂₁₀, API, S, E₆ and E₁₉ and provides a signal E₂₀ corresponding to the term RI in equation 16, in accordance with the received signals and equation 16 as hereinafter explained. A J computer 97 receives signals KV₂₂₀, S, E₆, E₁₉ and E₂₀ and provides a signal E₂₁ corresponding to the J factor in equation 17 for medium sweet charge oil in accordance with the received signals and equation 17 as hereinafter explained. Signal E₂₁ is applied to selection means 81.

A J computer 97 receives signals KV₂₁₀, S, T, E₆, E₁₉ and E₂₀ and provides a signal E₂₁ corresponding to the J factor in equation 17 for medium sweet charge oil in accordance with the received signals and equation 17 as hereinafter explained.

Another J computer 98 receives signals KV₂₁₀, S, T, E₆, E₂₀ and E₁₉ and provides a signal E₂₂ corresponding to the J factor in equation 18 for medium sour charge oil in accordance with the received signals and equation 18 as hereinafter explained. Signal E₂₂ is supplied to selection means 81.

A VI_DWC.sbsb.O computer 100 receives signals KV₂₁₀, API, S, RI and E₆ and provides a signal E₂₃ corresponding to the term VI_DWC.sbsb.O in equation 19, in accordance with the received signals and equation 19 as hereinafter explained.

A VI_DWC.sbsb.P computer 72B provides a signal E₂₄ corresponding to the term VI_DWC.sbsb.P in equation 9 in accordance with the received signals E₈ and E₂₃ and equation 9. Subtracting means 76B subtracts signal E₂₄ from voltage V₉ to provide a signal E₂₅ corresponding to the term ΔVI in equation 10.

A ΔRI computer 104 receives signals KV₂₁₀, API, S and E₂₅ and provides a signal E₂₆, corresponding to the term ΔRI in equation 20, in accordance with the received signals and equation 20.

A J computer 107 receives signals S, T, E₂₅ and E₂₆ to provide a signal E₂₇ corresponding to the J term for heavy sweet charge oil in equation 21 in accordance with the received signals and equation 21. Since E₂₇ is applied to selection means 81.

A J computer 110 receives signals KV₂₁₀, S, T, E₆, E₂₅ and E₂₆ to provide a signal E₂₈ corresponding to the J factor for heavy sour charge oil in accordance with the received signals and equation 22, as hereinafter explained. Signal E₂₈ is provided to selection means 81.

Referring now to FIG. 3, H computer 50 includes summing means 112 receiving signal KV₂₁₀ and summing it with a direct current voltage C₁ to provide a signal corresponding to the term [KV₂₁₀ +C₁ ] shown in equation 1. The signal from summing means 112 is applied to a natural logarithm function generator 113 which provides a signal corresponding to the natural log of the sum signal which is then applied to another natural log function generator 113A which in turn provides signal E₁.

Referring now to FIG. 4, K signal means 55 includes summing means 114 summing direct current voltages T₁₅₀ and C₃ to provide a signal corresponding to the term [T₁₅₀ +C₃ ] which is provided to a natural log function generator 113B which in turn provides a signal corresponding to the natural log of the sum signal from summing means 114. Subtracting means 115 subtracts the signal provided by function generator 113B from a direct current voltage C₂ to provide a signal corresponding to the numerator of equation 3. A divider 116 divides the signal from subtracting means 115 with a direct current voltage C₄ to provide signal E₃.

Referring now to FIG. 5, H signal means 53 includes subtracting means 117 which subtracts signal E₁ from signal E₂ to provide a signal corresponding to the term H₁₅₀ -H₂₁₀, in equation 4, to a divider 118. Divider 118 divides the signal from subtracting means 117 by signal E₃. Divider 118 provides a signal which is summed with signal E₁ by summing means 119 to provide signal E₄ corresponding to H₁₀₀.

Referring now to FIG. 6, a direct current voltage V₃ is applied to a logarithmic amplifier 120 in KV computer 60. Direct current voltage V₃ corresponds to the mathematical constant e. The output from amplifier 120 is applied to a multiplier 122 where it is multiplied with signal E₄. The product signal from multiplier 122 is applied to an antilog circuit 125 which provides a signal corresponding to the term exp [H₁₀₀ ] in equation 5. The signal from circuit 125 is multiplied with the output from logarithmic amplifier 120 by a multiplier 127 which provides a signal to antilog circuit 125A. Signal 125A is provided to subtracting means 128 which subtracts a direct current voltage C₁ from signal 125A to provide signal E₅.

Referring now to FIG. 7, VI signal means 63 is essentially memory means which is addressed by signals E₅, corresponding to KV₁₀₀, and signal KV₂₁₀. In this regard, a comparator 130 and comparator 130A represent a plurality of comparators which receive signal E₅ and compare signal E₅ to reference voltages, represented by voltages R₁ and R₂, so as to decode signal E₅. Similarly,

comparators

130B and 130C represent a plurality of comparators receiving signal KV₂₁₀ which compare signal KV₂₁₀ with reference voltages RA and RB so as to decode signal KV₂₁₀. The outputs from

comparators

130 and 130B are applied to an AND gate 133 whose output controls a switch 135. Thus, should

comparators

130 and 130B provide a high output, AND gate 133 is enabled and causes switch 135 to be rendered conductive to pass a direct current voltage V_A, corresponding to a predetermined value, as signal E₆ which corresponds to VI. Similarly, the outputs of

comparators

130 and 130C control an AND gate 133A which in turn controls a switch 135A to pass or to block a direct current voltage V_B. Similarly, another AND gate 133B is controlled by the outputs from comparators 130A and 130B to control a switch 135B so as to pass or block a direct current voltage V_C. Again, an AND gate 133C is controlled by the outputs from comparators 130A and 130C to control a switch 135C to pass or to block a direct current voltage V_D. The outputs of switches 135 through 135C are tied together so as to provide a common output.

Referring now to FIG. 8, the SUS computer 65 includes

multipliers

136, 137 and 138 multiplying signal KV₂₁₀ with direct current voltages C₉, C₇ and C₅, respectively, to provide signals corresponding to the terms C₉ (KV₂₁₀), C₇ (KV₂₁₀) and C₅ (KV₂₁₀), respectively in equation 6. A multiplier 139 effectively squares signal KV₂₁₀ to provide a signal to

multipliers

140, 141. Multiplier 140 multiplies the signal from multiplier 139 with a direct current voltage C₁₀ to provide a signal corresponding to the term C₁₀ (KV₂₁₀)² in equation 6. Multiplier 141 multiplies the signal from multiplier 139 with signal KV₂₁₀ to provide a signal corresponding to (KV₂₁₀)³. A multiplier 142 multiplies the signal from multiplier 141 with a direct current voltage C₁₁ to provide a signal corresponding to the term C₁₁ (KV₂₁₀)³ in equation 6. Summing means 143 sums the signals from

multipliers

136, 140 and 142 with a direct current voltage C₈ to provide a signal to a multiplier 144 where it is multiplied with a direct current voltage C₁₂. The signal from multiplier 137 is summed with a direct current voltage C₆ by summing means 145 to provide a signal corresponding to the term [C₆ +C₇ (KV₂₁₀)]. A divider 146 divides the signal provided by summing means 145 with the signal provided by multiplier 144 to provide a signal which is summed with the signal from multiplier 138 by summing means 147 to provide signal E₇.

Referring now to FIG. 9, SUS₂₁₀ computer 68 includes subtracting means 148 which subtracts a direct current voltage C₁₆ from another direct current voltage C₁₅ to provide a signal corresponding to the term (C₁₅ -C₁₆) in equation 7. The signal from subtracting means 148 is multiplied with a direct current voltage C₁₄ by a multiplier 149 to provide a product signal which is summed with another direct current voltage C₁₃ by summing means 150. Summing means 150 provides a signal corresponding to the term [C₁₃ +C₁₄ (C₁₅ -C₁₆)] in equation 7. The signal from summing means 150 is multiplied with signal E₇ by a multiplier 152 to provide signal E₈.

Referring now to FIG. 10, VI_DWC.sbsb.O computer 70 includes

multipliers

160, 161 and 162 which effectively square signals S, E₆ and KV₂₁₀, respectively, and provides corresponding signals.

Multipliers

165, 166 multiply signal S with a direct current voltage C₁₈ and signal E₆, respectively, to provide product signals.

Multipliers

169, 170 multiply signal KV₂₁₀ with signals E₆ and API, respectively, to provide product signals. Multipliers 175 through 180 multiply the signals from

multipliers

160, 166, 161, 169, 162 and 170, respectively, with direct current voltages C₂₁, C₂₄, C₂₀, C₂₃, C₁₉ and C₂₂, respectively, to provide signals corresponding to the terms C₂₁ (S)², C₂₄ (VI)(S), C₂₀ (VI)², C₂₃ (KV₂₁₀)(VI), C₁₉ (KV₂₁₀)² and C₂₂ (API)(KV₂₁₀), respectively in equation 8. Summing means 182 sums the signals from

multipliers

175, 176, 177, 179 and 180, to effectively sum the positive terms of equation 8, and provides a corresponding sum signal. The negative terms of equation 8 are effectively summed when summing means 185 sums the signals from

multipliers

165, 178 with a direct current voltage C₁₇. Subtracting means 187 subtracts the signal provided by summing means 185 from the signal provided by summing means 182 to provide signal E₉.

VI_DWC.sbsb.P computer 72 shown in FIG. 11, includes a natural logarithm function generator 200 receiving signal E₈ and providing a signal corresponding to the term LnSUS₂₁₀ to

multipliers

201 and 202. Multiplier 201 multiplies the signal from function generator 200 with a direct current voltage C₂₆ to provide a signal corresponding to the term C₂₆ LnSUS₂₁₀ in equation 9. Multiplier 202 effectively squares the signal from function generator 200 to provide a signal that is multiplied with a direct current voltage C₂₇ by a multiplier 205. Multiplier 205 provides a signal corresponding to the term C₂₇ (LnSUS₂₁₀)² in equation 9. Subtracting means 206 subtracts the signals provided by multiplier 201 from the signal provided by multiplier 205. Summing means 207 sums the signal from the subtracting means 206 with a direct current voltage C₂₅. A multiplier 208 multiplies the sum signals from summing means 207 with a direct current voltage POUR to provide a signal which is summed with signal E₉ by summing means 210 which provides signal E₁₀.

Referring to FIG. 12, multiplier 220 in ΔRI computer 78 effectively squares signal API while

multipliers

222 and 224 multiply signal E₁₁ with signals API and KV₂₁₀, respectively, to provide product signals.

Multipliers

226, 228 and 230 multiply signal KV₂₁₀ with signal API, a direct current voltage C₂₉ and signal E₆, respectively.

Multipliers

235, 238 effectively square signals E₆ and S, respectively, while multiplier 239 multiplies signals E₆ and S to provide a product signal.

Multipliers

241 and 248 multiply the product signals from

multipliers

220, 222, 224, 226, 230, 235, 238 and 239, respectively, with direct current voltages C₃₂, C₃₁, C₃₇, C₃₅, C₃₄, C₃₀ and C₃₆, respectively, to provide signals corresponding to the terms C₃₂ (API)², C₃₁ (ΔVI)(API), C₃₇ (ΔVI)(KV₂₁₀), C₃₃ (API)(KV₂₁₀), C₃₅ (VI)(KV₂₁₀), C₃₄ (VI)², C₃₀ (S)² and C₃₆ (VI)(S), respectively, in equation 11. Summing means 250 effectively sums the positive terms of equation 11 when it sums a direct current voltage C₂₈ with the signals from

multipliers

228, 242, 243, 244, 246 and 248 to provide a sum signal. Summing means 252 effectively sums the negative terms of equation 11 when it sums the signals from

multipliers

241, 245 and 247 to provide a sum signal. subtracting means subtracts the sum signal provided by summing means 252 from the sum signal provided by summing means 250 to provide a signal which is multiplied with a direct current voltage C₃₈ by a multiplier 256. Multiplier 256 provides signal E₁₂.

Referring now to FIG. 13, J computer 80 includes

multipliers

260, 261 multiplying signal E₁₂ with a direct current voltage C₄₀ and signal E₁₁, respectively, to provide product signals.

Multipliers

264, 265 multiply signal T with signals E₁₁ and KV₂₁₀, respectively, to provide product signals.

Multipliers

269, 270 multiply signals E₆ and S, respectively, with direct current voltages C₄₃ and C₄₄, respectively, to provide signals corresponding to the terms C₄₃ (VI) and C₄₄ (S), respectively, in equation 12. A multiplier 273 effectively squares signal S to provide a signal which is multiplied with a direct current voltage C₄₁ by a multiplier 274 to develop a signal corresponding to the term C₄₁ (S)² in equation 12.

Multipliers

276, 277 and 278 multiply the signals from

multipliers

261, 264 and 265, respectively, with direct current voltages C₄₅, C₄₆ and C₄₂, respectively, to provide signals corresponding to the terms C₄₅ (ΔRI)(ΔVI), C₄₆ (ΔVI)(T) and C₄₂ (KV₂₁₀)(T), respectively.

Summing means 280 sums the positive terms of equation 12 when it sums the signals from

multipliers

260, 269, 274 and 276 to provide a corresponding signal. Summing means 284 effectively sums the negative terms of equation 12 when it sums a direct current voltage C₃₉ with the signals from

multipliers

270, 277 and 278 to provide a sum signal. Subtracting means 288 subtracts the signal provided by subtracting means 280 to provide signal E₁₃.

Referring now to FIG. 14, J computer 88 includes multipliers 290, 291 which multiply signal E₁₁ with signal E₁₂ and a direct current voltage C₄₈, respectively. Multiplier 292 effectively squares signal KV₂₁₀ while

multipliers

293 and 294 multiply signal T with signals KV₂₁₀ and S, respectively, to provide product signals. Multiplier 295 multiplies signal E₆ with a direct current voltage C₅₂ to provide a signal corresponding to the term C₅₂ (VI) in equation 14. Multipliers 300 through 303 multiply the signals from

multipliers

290, 292, 293 and 294, respectively, with direct current voltages C₅₃, C₄₉, C₅₁ and C₅₀, respectively, to provide signals corresponding to the terms C₅₃ (ΔVI)(ΔRI), C₄₉ (KV₂₁₀)², C₅₁ (KV₂₁₀)(T) and C₅₀ (S)(T) in equation 14. Summing means 305 effectively sums the positive terms of equation 14 when it sums a direct current voltage C₄₇ with the product signals from multipliers 300 and 302 to provide a sum signal. Summing means 309 effectively sums the negative terms of equation 14 when it sums the product signals from

multipliers

291, 295, 301 and 303 to provide a sum signal. Subtracting means 310 subtracts the sum signal provided by summing means 309 from the sum signal provided by summing means 305 to provide signal E₁₅.

Referring now to FIG. 15, VI_DWC.sbsb.O computer 93 includes a multiplier 325 multiplying signal E₆ with a direct current voltage C₅₅ (VI) in equation 15. A multiplier 330 multiplies signals E₆ and API to provide a signal to another multiplier 333 where it is multiplied with a direct current voltage C₅₈. Multiplier 333 provides a signal corresponding to the term C₅₈ (API)(VI) in equation 15. A multiplier 337 multiplies signals API and RI to provide a signal which is multiplied with a direct current voltage C₅₇ by a multiplier 340 which provides a signal corresponding to the term C₅₇ (RI)(API). Signals S and API are multiplied by a multiplier 344 to provide a signal to yet another multiplier 346 where it is multiplied with a direct current voltage C₅₉. Multiplier 346 provides a signal corresponding to the term C₅₉ (API)(S). A multiplier 350 effectively squares signal S and provides a signal to another multiplier 354 where it is multiplied with direct current voltage C₅₆. Multiplier 354 provides a signal corresponding to the term C₅₆ (S).sup. 2.

Summing means 358 effectively sums the positive terms in equation 15 by summing the signals from multipliers 333 and 354 with a direct current voltage C₅₄ to provide a sum signal. Summing means 360 effectively sums the negative terms in equation 15 when it sums the signals from

multipliers

325, 340 and 346 to provide a sum signal. Subtracting means 365 subtracts the sum signal provided by summing means 360 from the sum signal provided by summing means 358 to provide signal E₁₇.

Referring now to FIG. 16, ΔRI computer 95 includes

multipliers

370, 375 and 377 which effectively square signals E₆, E₁₉ and KV₂₁₀, respectively.

Multipliers

380, 381 multiply signal KV₂₁₀ with signals E₁₉ and API, respectively. A multiplier 385 multiplies signals API and S to provide a product signal while a multiplier 388 multiplies signal E₁₉ with a direct current voltage C₆₁ to provide a signal corresponding to the term C₆₁ (ΔVI).

Multipliers

371, 390, 391, 392, 393, and 394 multiply the product signals from

multipliers

370, 375, 380, 377, 381 and 385, respectively, with direct current voltages C₆₃, C₆₈, C₆₅, C₆₂, C₆₄ and C₆₆, respectively, to provide signals corresponding to the terms C₆₃ (VI)², C₆₈ C₆₈ (ΔVI)², C₆₅ (ΔVI), (KV₂₁₀)C₆₂ (KV₂₁₀)², C₆₄ (KV₂₁₀)(API) and C₆₆ (API)(S), respectively.

Summing means 400 effectively sums the positive terms of equation 16 by summing signals from multipliers 371,391 and 394 with a direct current voltage C₆₀ to provide a sum signal. Summing means 403 effectively sums the negative terms of equation 16 when it sums the signals from

multipliers

388, 390, 392 and 393 to provide a sum signal. Subtracting means 405 subtracts the signal provided by summing means 403 from the signal provided by summing means 400 to provide a signal to a multiplier 607. Multiplier 407 multiplies the signal with a direct current voltage C₆₉ to provide signal E₂₀.

Referring now to FIG. 17, J computer 97 includes

multipliers

410, 411, 412 and 413 multiplying signals E₆, T, S and E₂₀, respectively, with direct current voltages C₇₆, C₇₂, C₇₇ and C₇₁, respectively, corresponding to the terms C₇₆ (VI), C₇₂ (T), C₇₇ (S) and C₇₁ (ΔRI), respectively, in equation 17. Multiplier 418 effectively squares signal T and provides a product signal to another multiplier 420 where it is multiplied with a direct current voltage C₇₃ to provide a signal corresponding to the term C₇₃ (T)². Multiplier 424 multiplies signals T, KV₂₁₀ to provide a signal to a multiplier 425 where it is multiplied with a direct current voltage C₇₅. Multiplier 425 provides a signal corresponding to the term C₇₅ (KV₂₁₀)(T) in equation 17. Signals S, T are multiplied by a multiplier 428 to provide a signal to yet another multiplier 430 where it is multiplied with a direct current voltage C₇₄. Multiplier 430 provides a signal corresponding to the term C₇₄ (S)(T). Signals T and E₂₀ are multiplied by a multiplier 435 which provides a signal to a multiplier 437 where it is multiplied with a direct current voltage C₇₈ to provide a signal corresponding to the term C₇₈ (ΔRI)(T). A multiplier 440 multiplies signals E₁₉, E₂₀ to provide a signal to a multiplier 443 where it is multiplied with a direct current voltage C₇₉ to provide a signal corresponding to the term C₇₉ (ΔRI)(ΔVI).

Summing means 445 effectively sums the positive terms of equation 17 when it sums a direct current voltage C₇₀ with the signals from

multipliers

420, 425, 430, 413 and 443 to provide a sum signal. Summing means 446 effectively sums the negative terms of equation 17 when it sums the signals from multipliers 410, 411, 412 and 437 to provide a sum signal. Subtracting means 450 subtracts the sum signal provided by summing means 446 from the sum signal provided by summing means 445 to provide signal E₂₁.

Referring now to FIG. 18,

multipliers

455, 456 and 457 effect square signals E₆, T and S, respectively.

Multipliers

460, 461 and 462 multiply signal T with signals KV₂₁₀, S and E₂₀, respectively, to provide product signals.

Multipliers

465, 466 multiply signal E₂₀ with a direct current voltage C₈₁ and signal E₁₉, respectively, while multiplier 470 multiplies signal S with a direct current voltage C₈₇ to provide a product signal.

Multipliers

472, 473, 474, 475, 476, 477 and 478 multiply the signals from

multipliers

455, 456, 460, 461, 462, 466 and 457, respectively, with direct current voltages C₈₃, C₈₄, C₈₅, C₈₆, C₈₈, C₈₉ and C₈₂, respectively, to provide signals corresponding to the terms C₈₃ (VI)², C₈₄ (T)², C₈₆ (KV₂₁₀)(T), C₈₅ (S)(T), C₈₈ (ΔRI)(T), C₈₉ (ΔRI)(ΔVI) and C₈₂ (S)², respectively, in equation 18.

Summing means 480 effectively sums all positive terms of equation 18 when it sums a direct current voltage. C₈₀ with the signals from

multipliers

465, 473, 475, 477 and 478 to provide a sum signal. A sum signal corresponding to the summation of the negative terms in equation 18 is provided by summing means 481 which sums the signals from

multipliers

470, 472, 474 and 476. Subtracting means 483 subtracts the signal provided by summing means 481 from the signal provided by summing means 480 to create signal E₂₂.

Referring not to FIG. 19, VI_DWC.sbsb.O computer 100 includes multipliers 495, 496 which multiply signal RI with a direct current voltage C₉₁ and signal S, respectively, to provide product signals. Multipliers 49, 500 multiply signal KV₂₁₀ with signals S and E₆, respectively, to provide product signals. Multiplier 503 effectively squares signal API.

Multipliers

506, 507, 508 and 509 multiply signals from

multipliers

496, 499, 500 and 503, respectively, with direct current voltages C₉₃, C₉₅, C₉₄ and C₉₂, respectively, to provide signals corresponding to the term C₉₃ (RI)(S), C₉₅ (KV₂₁₀)(S), C₉₄ (KV₂₁₀)(VI) and C₉₂ (API)², respectively, in equation 19. Summing means 513 effectively sums the positive terms of equation 19 when it sums a direct current voltage C₉₀ with signals from

multipliers

507, 508 and 509 to provide a sum signal to subtracting means 515. Summing means 517 effectively sums the negative terms in equation 19 when it sums the signals from multipliers 495 and 506 to provide a signal to subtracting means 515 where it is subtracted from the signal from summing means 513. Subtracting means 515 provides signal E₂₃.

Referring now to FIG. 20, ΔRI computer 104 includes

multipliers

520, 521 which effectively square signals S, API to provide product signals to

multipliers

523 and 524, respectively where they are multiplied with direct current voltages C₉₈ and C₉₇, respectively.

Multipliers

523, 524 provide signals corresponding to the terms C₉₈ (S)² and C₉₇ (API)², respectively, in equation 20.

Multipliers

526, 527 multiply signal S with signals KV₂₁₀ and E₂₅ to provide signals to

multipliers

530 and 531, respectively, where they are multiplied with direct current voltages C₁₀₁ and C₁₀₀, respectively.

Multipliers

530, 531 provide signals corresponding to the terms C₁₀₁ (KV₂₁₀)(S) and C₁₀₀ (ΔVI)(S), respectively. A multiplier 534 multiplies signals KV₂₁₀, E₂₅ to provide a signal to another multiplier 536 where it is multiplied with a direct current voltage C₉₉ to provide a signal corresponding to the term C₉₉ (ΔVI)(KV₂₁₀). Summing means 200 effectively sums the positive term of equation 20 when it sums signals from

multipliers

524, 530, 531 and 536 to provide a sum signal to subtracting means 541. Summing means 543 effectively sums the negative terms of equation 20 when it sums a direct current voltage C₉₆ with the signals from multiplier 523 to provide a signal which is substracted from the signal provided by summing means 540 by subtracting means 541. Subtracting means 541 provides a signal which is multiplied with a direct current voltage C₁₀₂ by a multiplier 545 to provide signal E₂₆.

Referring now to FIG. 21, J computer 107 includes

multipliers

550, 551 and 552 multiplying signal E₂₅ with signals E₂₆, T, and a direct current voltage C₁₀₄, respectively. A multiplier 554 effectively squares signal T and provides it to another multiplier 555 where it is multiplied with a direct current voltage C₁₀₅. Multiplier 555 provides a signal corresponding to the term C₁₀₅ (T)² in equation 21. A multiplier 558 multiplies signal S with a direct current voltage C₁₀₆ to provide a signal corresponding to the term C₁₀₆ (S) in equation 21.

Multipliers

560, 561 multiply the signals from

multipliers

550 and 551, respectively, with direct current voltages C₁₀₇ and C₁₀₈, respectively, to provide signals corresponding to the term C₁₀₇ (ΔRI)(ΔVI) and C₁₀₈ (ΔVI)(T), respectively, in equation 21. Summing means 565 effectively sums the positive terms in equation 21 when it sums the signals from

multipliers

552, 555 and 566 to provide a sum signal. Summing means 567 effectively sums the negative terms of equation 21 when it sums the signal from multiplier 558 with a direct current voltage C₁₀₃. Subtracting means 570 subtracts the signal from summing means 567 from the signal provided by summing means 565 to provide signal E₂₇.

Referring now to FIG. 22 in J computer 110,

multipliers

580, 581 effectively square signals S and E₆, respectively, where they are multiplied with direct current voltages C₁₁₁ and C₁₁₂, respectively.

Multipliers

584, 585 provide signals corresponding to the terms C₁₁₁ (S)² and C₁₁₂ (VI)², respectively.

Multipliers

590, 591 and 592 multiply signal T with signals KV₂₁₀, E₂₆ and S, to provide product signals to

multipliers

595, 596 and 597, respectively.

Multipliers

595, 596 and 597 multiply the product signals with direct current voltages C₁₁₄, C₁₁₆ and C₁₁₃, respectively, to provide signals corresponding to the terms C₁₁₄ (KV₂₁₀)(T), C₁₁₆ (ΔRI)(T) and C₁₁₃ (S)(T), respectively. A multiplier 600 multiplies signal KV₂₁₀ with a direct current voltage C₁₁₅ to provide a signal corresponding to the term C₁₁₅ (KV₂₁₀) in equation 22.

Multipliers

603, 604 multiply signal E₂₅ with signals E₂₆ and a direct current voltage C₁₁₀. Multiplier 603 provides a product signal to another multiplier 606 where it is multiplied with a direct current voltage C₁₁₇ to provide a signal corresponding to the term C₁₁₇ (ΔRI)(ΔVI) in equation 22. Summing means 610 effectively sums the positive terms of equation 22 when it sums a direct current voltage C₁₀₉ with the signals from

multipliers

584, 595, 596, 600 and 606 to provide a sum signal. Summing means 612 effectively sums the negative terms of equation 22 when it sums the signals from

multipliers

585, 597 and 604 to provide a sum signal. Subtracting means 615 subtracts the sum signal provided by summing means 612 from the signals provided by summing means 610 to provide signal E₂₈.

Selection means 81 in FIG. 23 includes

comparators

620, 621 and 622. Comparator 620 compares signal S with a reference voltage VR₁ corresponding to a predetermined percent sulfur content of the charge oil, preferably about 1.0%, to determine whether the charge oil is sweet or sour. For sweet charge oil, comparator 620 provides a high level output, while for sour charge oil it provides a low level output. The output from comparator 620 is applied to an inverter 625 and to AND

gates

627, 628 and 629.

Comparators

621 and 622 compare signal KV₂₁₀ with reference voltages VR₂ and VR₃ corresponding to predetermined kinematic viscosities, preferably about 7.0 and 15.0, respectively, and they determine whether the charge oil is light, medium or heavy. For light charge oil,

comparators

621, 622 provide high level outputs. For medium charge oil,

comparators

621 and 622 provide a low level output and a high logic level output, respectively. For heavy charge oil,

comparators

621 and 622 provide low level outputs.

Comparator 620 provides its output to an inverter 625 and to AND

gates

627, 628 and 629. Comparator 621 provides its output to an inverter 630 and to AND

gates

627 and 632. Comparator 622 provides its output to inverter 634 to AND

gates

627, 628, 632 and 635. Inverter 625 provides its output to AND

gates

632, 635, and 636. Inverter 630 provides its output to AND

gates

628, 629, 635 and 636. Inverter 634 provides its output to AND

gates

629 and 636.

AND

gates

627, 628, 629, 632, 635 and 636 decode the outputs of

comparators

620, 621 and 622 and

inverters

625, 630 and 634 to control switches 640 through 646 respectively, receiving signals E₁₃, E₂₁, E₂₇, E₁₅, E₂₂ and E₂₈, respectively. A high logic level (H) output from an AND gate renders a corresponding switch conductive to provide the signal the switch receives as signal E₁₄. A low logic level (L) output from the AND gate renders the switch nonconductive. The following table correlates the logic level of the AND gates to the type of charge oil.

______________________________________                                    
CHARGE   AND GATES                                                        
OIL      627     628     629   632   635   636                            
______________________________________                                    
LIGHT                                                                     
SWEET    H       L       L     L     L     L                              
LIGHT                                                                     
SOUR     L       L       L     H     L     L                              
MEDIUM                                                                    
SWEET    L       H       L     L     L     L                              
MEDIUM                                                                    
SOUR     L       L       L     L     H     L                              
HEAVY                                                                     
SWEET    L       L       H     L     L     L                              
HEAVY                                                                     
SOUR     L       L       L     L     L     H                              
______________________________________

The present invention is hereinbefore described as a control system and method for controlling the operation of an MP refining unit as a function of certain quality factors of the charge oil being provided to it. More specifically, the unit is controlled as a function of the API gravity, the kinematic viscosities corrected to 210° F. and 150° F., the refractive index and the sulfur content of the charge oil to achieve more accurate control of the finished product being provided by the MP refining unit.

It would be obvious to one skilled in the art that the charge oil flow rate may be constant and the MP flow rate varied. For this condition, equation 13 is rewritten as:

SO=(CHG)(J)/100,                                           23.

where SO is the new MP flow rate. Of course,

elements

84 and 85 would have to be rearranged so that signal E₁₄ is multiplied with signal CHG and the product signal divided by voltage V₂ to provide signal SO to a flow rate controller controlling a valve in line 7.

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. A control system for a refining unit receiving charge oil and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solvent, one of which is maintained at a fixed flow rate while the flow rate of the other is controlled by the control system, treats the received charge oil with the received N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone to yield extract and raffinate, comprising gravity analyzer means for sampling the charge oil and providing a signal API corresponding to the API gravity of the charge oil, viscosity analyzer means for sampling the charge oil and providing signals KV₁₅₀ and KV₂₁₀ corresponding to the kinematic viscosities, corrected to 150° F. and 210° F., respectively, sulfur analyzer for sampling the charge oil and providing a signal S corresponding to the sulfur content of the charge oil, a refractometer samples the charge oil and provides a signal RI corresponding to the refractive index of the charge oil, flow rate sensing means for sensing the flow rates of the charge oil and of the N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and providing signals CHG and SOLV, corresponding to the charge oil flow rate and the N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone flow rate, respectively, means for sensing the temperature of the extract-mix and providing a corresponding signal T, and control means connected to all of the analyzer means, the refractometer, and to all the sensing means for controlling the other flow rate of the charge oil and the N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone flow rates in accordance with signals API, KV₁₅₀, KV₂₁₀, S, RI, CHG, T and SOLV.

2. A system as described in claim 1, in which the charge oil may be light sweet charge oil having a sulfur content equal to or less than a predetermined sulfur content and having a kinematic viscosity, corrected to a predetermined temperature, equal to or less than a first predetermined kinematic viscosity; light sour charge oil having a sulfur content greater than the predetermined sulfur content and having a kinematic viscosity, corrected to the predetermined temperature, equal to or less than the first predetermined kinematic viscosity; medium sweet charge oil having a sulfur content equal to or less than the predetermined sulfur content and having a kinematic viscosity, corrected to the predetermined temperature, greater than the first predetermined kinematic viscosity but equal to or less than a second predetermined kinematic viscosity; medium sour charge oil having a sulfur content greater than the predetermined sulfur content and having a kinematic viscosity, corrected to the predetermined temperature, greater than the first predetermined kinematic viscosity but equal to or less than the second predetermined kinematic viscosity; heavy sweet charge oil having a sulfur content equal to or less than the predetermined sulfur content and having a kinematic viscosity, corrected to the predetermined temperature, greater than the second predetermined kinematic viscosity, or heavy sour charge oil having a sulfur content greater than the predetermined sulfur content and having a kinematic viscosity, corrected to the predetermined temperature, greater than the second predetermined kinematic viscosity; and the control means includes a plurality of J signal means, each J signal means providing a signal J representative of an N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone dosage for a corresponding type of charge oil, selection means connected to the J signal means, to the viscosity analyzing means and to the sulfur analyzing means for selecting one of the J signals in accordance with one of the kinematic viscosity signals from the viscosity analyzer means and signal S and providing the selected J signal, control signal means connected to the selection means and to the flow rate sensing means for providing a control signal in accordance with the selected J signal and one of the sensed flow rate signals, and apparatus means connected to the control network means for controlling the one flow rate of the charge oil and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone flow rates in accordance with the control signal.

3. A system as described in claim 2, in which the control means includes VI signal means connected to the viscosity analyzer means for providing a signal VI corresponding to the viscosity index of the charge oil in accordance with kinematic viscosity signals KV₁₅₀ and KV₂₁₀ ; SUS₂₁₀ signal means connected to the viscosity analyzer means for providing a signal SUS₂₁₀ corresponding to the charge oil viscosity in Saybolt Universal Seconds corrected to 210° F.; means connected to the viscosity analyzer means, to the gravity analyzer means, to the sulfur analyzer means, to the VI signal means and to the SUS₂₁₀ signal means and receiving a direct current voltage VI_RP corresponding to the viscosity index of the refined oil at the predetermined temperature for providing a first signal ΔVI in accordance with signals KV₂₁₀, API, S, VI and SUS₂₁₀ and voltage VI_RP ; second ΔVI signal means connected to the gravity analyzer means, to the sulfur analyzer means, to the refractometer, to the VI signal means, and to the SUS₂₁₀ signal means and receiving voltage VI_RP for providing a second signal ΔVI corresponding to the change in viscosity index in accordance with signals VI, API, S, RI, SUS₂₁₀ and voltage VI_RP ; third ΔVI signal means connected to the viscosity analyzer means, to the gravity analyzer means, to the sulfur analyzer means, to the VI signal means, to the refractometer, and to the SUS₂₁₀ signal means and receiving voltage VI_RP for providing a third signal ΔVI corresponding to the change in viscosity index in accordance with signals KV₂₁₀, API, VI, S, RI and SUS₂₁₀ and voltage VI_RP ; first ΔRI signal means connected to the viscosity analyzer means, to the sulfur analyzer means, to the first ΔVI signal means, to the gravity analyzer means and to the VI signal means for providing a first signal ΔRI corresponding to a change in the refractive index between the charge oil and the raffinate in accordance with the first ΔVI signal and signals KV₂₁₀, S, API and VI; second ΔRI signal means connected to the viscosity analyzer means, to the gravity analyzer means, to the viscosity analyzer means, to the second ΔVI signal means, to the VI signal means and to the sulfur analyzer means for providing a second signal ΔRI corresponding to a change in the refractive index between the charge oil and the raffinate in accordance with the second ΔVI signal and signals KV₂₁₀, API, VI and S; third ΔRI signal means connected to the gravity analyzer means, to the viscosity analyzer means, to the sulfur analyzer means, and to the third ΔVI signal means for providing a third signal ΔRI corresponding to a change in the refractive index between the charge oil and the raffinate in accordance with the third ΔVI signal and signals KV₂₁₀, S, and API, and the plurality of J signal means includes first J signal means connected to the first ΔVI signal means, to the first ΔRI signal means, to the temperature sensing means, to the sulfur analyzer means, to the VI signal means and to the selection means for providing a first J signal to the selection means corresponding to an N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone dosage for light sweet charge oil in accordance with the first ΔVI and ΔRI signals, and signals T, KV₂₁₀, VI and S, second J signal means connected to the first ΔVI signal means, to the first ΔRI signal means, to the temperature sensing means, to the sulfur analyzer means, to the viscosity analyzer means, to the VI signal means and to the selection means corresponding to the N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone dosage for light sour charge oil in accordance with the first signals ΔVI and ΔRI, and signals KV₂₁₀, S, VI and T, third J signal means connected to the second ΔVI signal means, to the second ΔRI signal means, to the temperature sensing means, to the sulfur analyzer means, to the viscosity analyzer means, to the VI signal means and to the selection means for providing a third J signal to the selection means corresponding to the N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone dosage for medium sweet charge oil in accordance with the second signals ΔVI and ΔRI, and signals KV₂₁₀, S, VI and T, fourth J signal means connected to the second ΔVI signal means, to the second ΔRI signal means, to the temperature sensing means, to the sulfur analyzer means, to the viscosity analyzer means, to the VI signal means and to the selection means for providing a fourth J signal to the selection means corresponding to the N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone dosage for medium sour charge oil in accordance with the second signals ΔVI and ΔRI, signals KV₂₁₀, S, VI and T, fifth J signal means connected to the third ΔVI signal means, to the third ΔRI signal means, to the sulfur analyzer means, to the temperature sensing means and to the selection means for providing a fifth signal J to the selection means corresponding to the N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone dosage for heavy sweet charge oil in accordance with the third signals ΔVI and ΔRI, signals S and T, and sixth J signal means connected to the third ΔVI signal means, to the third ΔRI signal means, to the temperature sensing means, to the sulfur analyzer means, to the viscosity analyzer means, to the VI signal means and to the selection means for providing a sixth J signal to the selection means in accordance with the third signals ΔRI and ΔVI, signals KV₂₁₀ , S, VI and T.

4. A system as described in claim 3 in which the SUS₂₁₀ signal means includes SUS signal means connected to the viscosity analyzer means, and receiving direct current voltages C₅ through C₁₂ for providing a signal SUS corresponding to an interim factor SUS in accordance with signal KV₂₁₀, voltages C₅ through C₁₂ and the following equation:

SUS=C.sub.5 (KV.sub.210)+[C.sub.6 +C.sub.7 (KV.sub.210)]/[C.sub.8 +C.sub.9 (KV.sub.210)+C.sub.10 (KV.sub.210).sup.2 +C.sub.11 (KV.sub.210).sup.3 ](C.sub.12),

where C₅ through C₁₂ are constants; and SUS₂₁₀ network means connected to the SUS signal means and to all the ΔVI signal means and receiving direct current voltages C₁₃ through C₁₆ for providing signal SUS₂₁₀ to all the ΔVI signal means in accordance with signal SUS, voltages C₁₃ through C₁₆ and the following equation:

SUS.sub.210 =[C.sub.13 +C.sub.14 (C.sub.15 -C.sub.16)]SUS

where C₁₃ through C₁₆ are constants.

5. A system as described in claim 4 in which the VI signal means includes K signal means receiving direct current voltages C₂, C₃, C₄ and T₁₅₀ for providing a signal K₁₅₀ corresponding to the kinematic viscosity of the charge oil corrected to 150° F. in accordance with voltages C₂, C₃, C₄ and T₁₅₀, and the following equation:

K.sub.150 =[C.sub.2 -ln(T.sub.150 +C.sub.3)]/C.sub.4,

where C₂ through C₄ are constants, and T₁₅₀ corresponds to a temperature of 150° F.; H₁₅₀ signal means connected to the viscosity analyzer means and receiving a direct current voltage C₁ for providing a signal H₁₅₀ corresponding to a viscosity H value for 150° F. in accordance with signal KV₁₅₀ and voltage C₁ in the following equation:

H.sub.150 =lnln(KV.sub.150 +C.sub.1),

where C₁ is a constant; H₂₁₀ signal means connected to the viscosity analyzer means and receiving voltage C₁ for providing signal H₂₁₀ corresponding to a viscosity H value for 210° F. in accordance with signal KV₂₁₀, voltage C₁ and the following equation:

H.sub.210 =lnln(KV.sub.210 +C.sub.1),

h₁₀₀ signal means connected to the K signal means, to the H₁₅₀ signal means and the H₂₁₀ signal means for providing a signal H₁₀₀ corresponding to a viscosity H value for 100° F., in accordance with signals H₁₅₀, H₂₁₀ and K₁₅₀ and the following equation:

H.sub.100 =H.sub.210 +(H.sub.150 -H.sub.210)/K.sub.150,

Kv₁₀₀ signal means connected to the H₁₀₀ signal means and receiving voltage C₁ for providing a signal KV₁₀₀ corresponding to a kinematic viscosity for the charge oil corrected to 100° F. in accordance with signal H₁₀₀, voltage C₁, and the following equation:

KV.sub.100 =exp[exp(H.sub.100)]-C.sub.1,

and VI memory means connected to the KV₁₀₀ signal means and to the viscosity analyzer means having a plurality of signals stored therein, corresponding to different viscosity index and controlled by signals KV₁₀₀ and KV₂₁₀ to select a stored signal and providing the selected stored signal as signal VI.

6. A system as described in claim 5 in which the first ΔRI signal means also receives direct current voltages corresponding to constants C₂₈ through C₃₈ and provides the first signal ΔRI in accordance with the first ΔVI signal, signals S, KV₂₁₀, API and VI, the received voltages and the following equation:

ΔRI=[C.sub.28 +C.sub.29 (KV.sub.210)-C.sub.30 (S).sup.2 +C.sub.31 (ΔVI)(API)-C.sub.32 (API).sup.2

   +c.sub.33 (api)(kv.sub.210)+c.sub.34 (vi).sup.2 -c.sub.35 (kv.sub.210)(vi)+c.sub.36 (vi)(s)

   +c.sub.37 (Δvi)(kv.sub.210)]c.sub.38.

7. a system as described in claim 6 in which the second ΔRI signal means also receives direct current voltages corresponding to constants C₆₀ through C₆₉ and provides the second ΔRI signal in accordance with the second ΔVI signal, signals API, S, VI and KV₂₁₀, the received voltages and the following equation:

ΔRI=[C.sub.60 -C.sub.61 (ΔVI)-C.sub.62 (KV.sub.210).sup.2 +C.sub.63 (VI).sup.2 -C.sub.64 (KV.sub.210)(API)

   +c.sub.65 (Δvi)(kv.sub.210)+c.sub.66 (api)(s)-c.sub.67 (vi)(s)-c.sub.68 (Δvi).sup.2 ]c.sub.69.

8. a system as described in claim 7 in which the third ΔRI signal means also receives direct current voltages corresponding to constants C₉₆ through C₁₀₂ and provides the third signal ΔRI in accordance with the third ΔVI signal, signals KV₂₁₀, S and API, the received voltages and the following equation:

ΔRI=[-C.sub.96 +C.sub.97 (API).sup.2 -C.sub.98 (S).sup.2 +C.sub.99 (ΔVI)(KV.sub.210)+C.sub.100 (ΔVI)(S)

   +c.sub.101 (kv.sub.210)(s)]c.sub.102.

9. a system as described in claim 8 in which the first ΔVI signal means includes VI_DWC.sbsb.O signal means connected to the sulfur analyzer means, the viscosity analyzer means, to the gravity analyzer means and to the VI signal means, and receiving direct current voltages corresponding to constants C₁₇ through C₂₄ for providing a first signal VI_DWC.sbsb.O corresponding to the viscosity index of the dewaxed charge oil for 0° F. in accordance with signals S, VI, KV₂₁₀ and API, the received voltages and the following equation:

VI.sub.DWC.sbsb.O =-C.sub.17 -C.sub.18 (S)+C.sub.19 (KV.sub.210).sup.2 +C.sub.20 (VI).sup.2 +C.sub.21 (S).sup.2

    +c.sub.22 (api)(kv.sub.210)-c.sub.23 (kv.sub.210)(vi)+c.sub.24 (vi)(s),

vi_dwc.sbsb.p signal means connected to the first VI_DWC.sbsb.O signal means and to the SUS₂₁₀ signal means, and receiving direct current voltages corresponding to constants C₂₅ through C₂₇ and Pour, providing a signal VI_DWC.sbsb.P corresponding to the viscosity index of the dewaxed charge oil at the predetermined temperature, in accordance with signals VI_DWC.sbsb.O and SUS₂₁₀, the received voltages and the following equation:

VI.sub.DWC.sbsb.P =VI.sub.DWC.sbsb.O +(Pour)[C.sub.25 -C.sub.26 lnSUS.sub.210 +C.sub.27 (lnSUS).sup.2 ],

where Pour is the pour point of the dewaxed product; subtracting means connected to the first VI_DWC.sbsb.P means and to the first and second J signal means and receiving a direct current voltage VI_RP corresponding to the viscosity index of the refined oil at the predetermined temperature for subtracting voltage VI_RP from signal VI_DWC.sbsb.P to provide the first ΔVI signal to the first and second J signal means.

10. A system as described in claim 9 in which the second ΔVI signal means includes a second VI_DWC.sbsb.O signal means connected to the gravity analyzer means, to the sulfur analyzer means, to the refractometer, and to the VI signal means, and receives direct current voltages corresponding to constants C₅₄ through C₅₉ and provides a second VI_DWC.sbsb.O signal in accordance with signals RI, VI, S and API, the received voltages and the following equation:

VI.sub.DWC.sbsb.O =C.sub.54 -C.sub.55 (VI)+C.sub.56 (S).sup.2 -C.sub.57 (RI)(API)+C.sub.58 (API)(VI)-C.sub.59 (API)(S),

a second VI_DWC.sbsb.P signal means connected to the second VI_DWC.sbsb.O signal means and to the SUS₂₁₀ signal means and receiving the voltages corresponding to constants C₂₅ through C₂₇ and to Pour for providing a second VI_DWC.sbsb.P signal in accordance with signals SUS₂₁₀ and VI_DWC.sbsb.O, the received voltages and the following equation:

VI.sub.DWC.sbsb.P =VI.sub.DWC.sbsb.O +(Pour)[C.sub.25 -C.sub.26 InSUS.sub.210 +C.sub.27 (lnSUS.sub.210).sup.2 ],

and second subtracting means connected to the third and fourth J signal means and to the second VI_DWC.sbsb.P signal means and receiving voltage VI_RP for subtracting signal VI_DWC.sbsb.P from voltage VI_RP to provide the second ΔVI signal to the third and fourth J signal means.

11. A system as described in claim 10 in which the third ΔVI signal means includes a third VI_DWC.sbsb.O signal means connected to the viscosity analyzer means, to the gravity analyzer means, to the sulfur analyzer means, to the VI signal means and to the refractometer and receiving direct current voltages corresponding to constants C₉₀ through C₉₅ for providing a third signal VI_DWC.sbsb.O in accordance with signals KV₂₁₀, VI, API, S and RI, the received voltages and the following equation:

VI.sub.DWC.sbsb.O =C.sub.90 -C.sub.91 (RI)+C.sub.92 (API).sup.2 -C.sub.93 (RI)(S)+C.sub.94 (KV.sub.210)(VI)+C.sub.95 (KV.sub.210)(S).sub.3

a third VI_DWC.sbsb.P signal means connected to the third VI_DWC.sbsb.O signal means and to the SUS₂₁₀ signal means, and receiving direct current voltages C₂₁ through C₂₃ and Pour, for providing a third signal VI_DWC.sbsb.P in accordance with signal VI_DWC.sbsb.O and SUS₂₁₀, voltages C₂₁ through C₂₃, and Pour, and the following equation:

VI.sub.DWC.sbsb.P =VI.sub.DWC.sbsb.O +(Pour)[C.sub.25 -C.sub.26 /nSUS.sub.210 +C.sub.27 (lnSUS.sub.210).sup.2 ]

and third subtracting means connected to the third VI_DWC.sbsb.P signal means and to the fifth and sixth J signal means and receiving direct voltage VI_RP for subtracting the third signal VI_DWC.sbsb.P from voltage VI_RP to provide the third ΔVI signal to the fifth and sixth J signal means.

12. A control system as described in claim 11 in which the first J signal means also receives direct current voltages corresponding to constants C₃₉ through C₄₆ and provides the first J signal in accordance with signals KV₂₁₀, V, S and T, the first ΔRI and ΔVI signals, the received voltages and the following equation:

J=-C.sub.39 +C.sub.40 (ΔRI)+C.sub.41 (S).sup.2 -C.sub.42 (KV.sub.210)(T)+C.sub.43 (VI)-C.sub.44 (S)

  +c.sub.45 (Δri)(Δvi)-c.sub.46 (Δvi)(t);

the second J signal means also receives direct current voltages corresponding to constants C₄₇ through C₅₃ and provides the second J signal in accordance with signals S, VI, KV₂₁₀ and T, the first ΔRI and ΔVI signals, the received voltages and the following equation:

J=C.sub.47 -C.sub.48 (ΔVI)-C.sub.49 (KV.sub.210).sup.2 -C.sub.50 (S)(T)+C.sub.51 (KV.sub.210)(T)-C.sub.52 (VI)+C.sub.53 (ΔRI)(ΔVI);

the third J signal means also receives direct current voltages corresponding to constants C₇₀ through C₇₉ and provides the third J signal in accordance with signals S, KV₂₁₀, VI and T, the second ΔRI and the ΔVI signals, the received voltages and the following equation:

J=C.sub.70 +C.sub.71 (ΔRI)-C.sub.72 (T)+C.sub.73 (T).sup.2 +C.sub.74 (S)(T)+C.sub.75 (KV.sub.210)(T)

  -c.sub.76 (vi)-c.sub.77 (s)-c.sub.78 (Δri)(t)+c.sub.79 (Δri)(Δvi);

the fourth J signal means also receives direct current voltages corresponding to constants C₈₀ through C₈₉ and provides the fourth J signal in accordance with signals VI, S, KV₂₁₀ and T, the second ΔRI and ΔVI signals, the received voltages and the following equation:

J=C.sub.80 +C.sub.81 (ΔRI)+C.sub.82 (S).sup.2 -C.sub.83 (VI).sup.2 +C.sub.84 (T).sup.2 +C.sub.85 (S)(T)

  -c.sub.86 (kv.sub.210)(t)-c.sub.87 (s)-c.sub.88 (Δri)(t)+c.sub.89 (Δri)(Δvi);

the fifth J signal means also receives direct current voltages corresponding to constants C₁₀₃ through C₁₀₈ and provides the fifth J signal in accordance with signals S and T, the third ΔRI and ΔVI signals, the received voltages and the following equation:

J=-C.sub.103 +C.sub.104 (ΔVI)+C.sub.105 (T).sup.2 -C.sub.106 (S)+C.sub.107 (ΔRI)(ΔVI)-C.sub.108 (ΔVI)(T);

and the sixth J signal means also receives direct current voltages corresponding to constants C₁₀₉ through C₁₁₇ and provides the sixth J signal in accordance with signals VI, S, KV₂₁₀ and T, the third ΔRI and ΔVI signals, the received voltages and the following equation:

J=C.sub.109 -C.sub.110 (ΔVI)+C.sub.111 (S).sup.2 -C.sub.112 (VI).sup.2 -C.sub.113 (S)(T)+C.sub.114 (KV.sub.210)(T)

  +c.sub.115 (kv.sub.210)+c.sub.116 (Δri)(t)+c.sub.117 (Δri)(Δvi).

13. a system as described in claim 12 in which flow rate of the charge oil is controlled and the flow of the N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is maintained at a constant rate and the control signal means receives signal SOLV from the flow rate sensing means, the selected J signal from the selection means and a direct current voltage corresponding to a value of 100 and provides a signal C to the apparatus means corresponding to a new charge oil flow rate in accordance with the selected J signal, signal SOLV and the received voltage and the following equation:

C=(SOLV)(100)/J,

so as to cause the apparatus means to change the charge oil flow to the new flow rate.

14. A system as described in claim 12 in which the controlled flow rate is the N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone flow rate and the flow of the charge oil is maintained constant, and the control signal means is connected to the sensing means, to the selection means and receives a direct current voltage corresponding to the value of 100 for providing a signal SO corresponding to the value of 100 for providing a signal SO corresponding to a new N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone flow rate in accordance with signals CHG and the selected J signal and the received voltage, and the following equation:

SO=(CHG)(J)/100,

so as to cause the N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone flow to change to the new flow rate.