US4167449A - Composition and method for determining transferase and protease activity - Google Patents
Composition and method for determining transferase and protease activity Download PDFInfo
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- US4167449A US4167449A US05/822,057 US82205777A US4167449A US 4167449 A US4167449 A US 4167449A US 82205777 A US82205777 A US 82205777A US 4167449 A US4167449 A US 4167449A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/34—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving hydrolase
- C12Q1/37—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving hydrolase involving peptidase or proteinase
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K5/00—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
- C07K5/04—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing only normal peptide links
- C07K5/06—Dipeptides
- C07K5/06008—Dipeptides with the first amino acid being neutral
- C07K5/06017—Dipeptides with the first amino acid being neutral and aliphatic
- C07K5/06026—Dipeptides with the first amino acid being neutral and aliphatic the side chain containing 0 or 1 carbon atom, i.e. Gly or Ala
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/48—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving transferase
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q2337/00—N-linked chromogens for determinations of peptidases and proteinases
- C12Q2337/10—Anilides
Definitions
- Enzyme substrates with naphthylamines as chromogenic groups linked to other amino acids have been described in the literature for the determination of transferases and proteases, such as ⁇ -glutamyl transpeptidase, lecuine aminopeptidase, oxytocinase, and trypsin. Orlowski et al, Clin. Chim, Acta, 7:755-760 (1962), and references cited therein.
- transferase and protease activity in human serum, urine, and tissues may have diagnostic significance; for example, the assay of ⁇ -glutamyl transpeptidase activity in human serum may be useful in the differential diagnosis of liver diseases, because the enzyme activity is particularly high in obstructive jaundice and liver cancer while lower activities are observed in viral hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. Orlowski et al, supra. See also Rosalki et al, Ann. Clin. Biochem. 7:143 (1970).
- NADH nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- the NADH is then detected spectrophotometrically or fluorometrically.
- the more recent fluorometric procedures have the characteristic advantages of simplicity, speed, and economy, and often have the further advantage of greater sensitivity.
- a fluorometric NADH-linked test involves the use of a filter fluorometer which directs ultraviolet light at a wavelength of about 340 nm against the surface of the sample and which measures the fluorescence, or rate of change of fluorescence at an emission wavelength of about 465 nm.
- This invention involves the discovery of certain compositions of matter useful as enzyme substrates in the fluorometric determination of transferase (or transpeptidase) activity in homogenates and biological fluids.
- Such substrates are believed novel and are relatively safe for laboratory use.
- An especially important advantage is that such substrates yield, upon cleavage by the enzymes under investigation, fluorogenic moieties which have peak fluorometric excitation and emission values approximately those of NADH-linked tests and, therefore, assays for fluorometrically determining transferase or protease activity by the use of such substrates may be conducted with standard fluorometers using the same filters intended for conventional NADH-linked assays.
- a transferase such as ⁇ -glutamyl transpeptidase may be measured using the same fluorometric equipment and filters used for conducting assays of other enzymes such as SGOT, SGPT, CPK, LDH, and HBD.
- the enzyme substrates involved in this invention are 5-aminoisophthalic acid derivatives of the general formula ##STR1## and wherein each of R 1 and R 2 is --OH, --NH 2 , --NHCH 3 , --NHC 2 H 5 , --N(CH 3 ) 2 , --N(C 2 H 5 ) 2 , --N(CH 3 ) (C 2 H 5 ), --OCH 3 , or --O(CH 2 ) n CH 3 , n is an integer from 1 through 4, and wherein R 3 is an amino acid moiety capable of being cleaved from the remainder of the substrate when exposed to a transferase or protease having activity specific to that substrate, in some cases in the presence of glycylglycine or some other appropriate acceptor such as glutamate, glycine, or glycylglycylglycine.
- the designations constitute established abbreviations as follows: ala (alanine), arg (arginine), BZ (benzoyl, CBZ and Z (carbobenzoxy), gly (glycine), his (histidine), leu (leucine), lys (lysine), met (methionine), phen (phenylalanine), pro (proline), ser (serine), tyr (tyrosine), val (valine).
- all of the substrates may, if desired, be converted to salts such as, for example, the hydrochloride, hydrobromide, acetate, or formate salts of the amino acids.
- Each of the substrates when exposed to its corresponding enzyme, is cleaved, the amino acid moiety being released or coupling with a suitable acceptor such as glycylglycine, to leave the fluorogenic primary amine (i.e., substrate (A), as identified above, in which the substituent for R 3 is a hydrogen atom).
- a suitable acceptor such as glycylglycine
- such chromophores have peak excitation characteristics at a wavelength within the range of 320 to 380 nm and peak emission characteristics at a wavelength within the range of 420 to 480 nm.
- substrate (A) has methoxy groups as R 1 and R 2 , then the resulting chromophore will have a peak excitation wavelength of about 335 nm and a peak emission wavelength of about 445 nm.
- substrate is first dissolved in a sterile aqueous solution which preferably contains a suitable buffer to insure that the pH will be maintained at or near the optimum pH of the enzyme of interest.
- a suitable buffer for example, where the enzyme to be measured is ⁇ -glutamyl transpeptidase, the reaction may be measured over a broad range of pH values from about 7.5 to 9.0, a pH of 8.2 yielding maximum activity in the fluorometric assay system.
- the substrate solution is mixed with the sample (suspension or solution) and transferred to a suitable cuvet with any suitable fluorometer being used to measure front-surface fluorescence.
- the rate of production of the fluorogenic compound is directly proportional to the amount of transferase present in the sample.
- Serum ⁇ -glutamyl transpeptidase may be measured fluorometrically by utilizing ⁇ -(L-glutamyl)-5-aminoisophthalic acid, dimethyl ester, hydrochloride salt, as the substrate.
- substrate has the structural formula: ##STR2##
- the reagent solution contained 5 mM substrate, 55 mM glycylglycine, and 100 mM Tris buffer (pH 8.2 at 25° C.), the solution volume being 1.5 ml.
- the reagent solution was warmed to 37° C., sample was added (volume at 0.05 ml), the reactants were mixed and pumped into a flow-through cuvet.
- the results of serum samples tested in accordance with Example 1 were compared with the results of colorimetric assays run on the same patient samples, using GGTP reagent as marketed by Dade Division of American Hospital Supply Corporation and following the method set forth in the package instructions.
- the ⁇ F/min. was changed to International Units per liter (IU/L) by totaling IU/L and ⁇ F/min. and deriving a factor IU/ ⁇ F.
- the sera was tested in two groups of 14, one group representing undiagnosed conditions and the other diagnosed conditions, and the following results were obtained:
- the data demonstrate excellent correlation between the fluorometric method and the conventional colorimetric method for the determination of serum levels of ⁇ -glutamyl transpeptidase.
- the ⁇ -(L-glutamyl)-5-aminoisophthalic acid, dimethyl ester, hydrochloride salt, used as the substrate in Example 1 may be prepared by mixing phthaloyl glutamic anhydride (13.2 g, 0.051 mole) and 5-aminoisophthalic acid, dimethyl ester (10.4 g, 0.050 mole) in 60 ml of dioxane, and stirring same at 55°-60° C. (bath temperature) for 1.5 hours. After evaporation of the solvent, the residue is then dissolved in 200 ml of methanol and hydrazine hydrate (7.5 g, 0.15 mole). The solution should then be filtered and allowed to stand at room temperature (2 days).
- a resulting white precipitate is then collected, washed with 100 ml of water and 25 ml of ethanol, agitated in 100 ml of 0.5 N hydrochloric acid, and filtered.
- the filtrate is treated with sodium bicarbonate to give a pH of 6.5 to 7.0, and the precipitate (8 g) is collected and dried.
- the hydrochloride salt may then be prepared by dissolving 1 gram of the glutamyl derivative in a solution of 0.3 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid and 6 ml of methanol. After evaporation of the methanol, the solid is then dried under reduced pressure.
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Abstract
Transferase and protease activity in homogenates and biological solutions is fluorometrically determined at wavelengths corresponding generally to those used for fluorometric NADH-linked determinations by utilizing novel substrate compositions consisting essentially of certain fluorogenic 5-aminoisophthalic acid derivatives coupled to amino acid constituents specific to the transferases and proteases under investigation.
Description
This application is a continuation-in-part of co-pending application Ser. No. 709,720, filed July 29, 1976, now abandoned.
Enzyme substrates with naphthylamines as chromogenic groups linked to other amino acids have been described in the literature for the determination of transferases and proteases, such as γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, lecuine aminopeptidase, oxytocinase, and trypsin. Orlowski et al, Clin. Chim, Acta, 7:755-760 (1962), and references cited therein. The determination of transferase and protease activity in human serum, urine, and tissues may have diagnostic significance; for example, the assay of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity in human serum may be useful in the differential diagnosis of liver diseases, because the enzyme activity is particularly high in obstructive jaundice and liver cancer while lower activities are observed in viral hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. Orlowski et al, supra. See also Rosalki et al, Ann. Clin. Biochem. 7:143 (1970). The majority of studies with respect to γ-glutamyl transpeptidase determinations have been carried out using naphthylamines in formulating the substrates and, unfortunately, the products (i.e., naphthylamines) are both toxic and carcinogenic, presenting undesirable risks for general laboratory use.
Many of the enzyme assays commonly performed in clinical laboratories are NADH linked; that is, they involve a series of reactions which ultimately result in the reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) to its reduced form, NADH. The NADH is then detected spectrophotometrically or fluorometrically. The more recent fluorometric procedures have the characteristic advantages of simplicity, speed, and economy, and often have the further advantage of greater sensitivity. Typically, a fluorometric NADH-linked test involves the use of a filter fluorometer which directs ultraviolet light at a wavelength of about 340 nm against the surface of the sample and which measures the fluorescence, or rate of change of fluorescence at an emission wavelength of about 465 nm.
Other references illustrating the state of the prior art are U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,979,447, 3,862,011, 3,773,626, 3,591,458, 3,878,048, 3,892,631, and Wildes et al, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 95:8, 2610 (1973), and Bayley et al, Eur. J. Biochem. 56 (2), 455-65 (1975).
This invention involves the discovery of certain compositions of matter useful as enzyme substrates in the fluorometric determination of transferase (or transpeptidase) activity in homogenates and biological fluids. Such substrates are believed novel and are relatively safe for laboratory use. An especially important advantage is that such substrates yield, upon cleavage by the enzymes under investigation, fluorogenic moieties which have peak fluorometric excitation and emission values approximately those of NADH-linked tests and, therefore, assays for fluorometrically determining transferase or protease activity by the use of such substrates may be conducted with standard fluorometers using the same filters intended for conventional NADH-linked assays. Thus, a transferase such as γ-glutamyl transpeptidase may be measured using the same fluorometric equipment and filters used for conducting assays of other enzymes such as SGOT, SGPT, CPK, LDH, and HBD.
The enzyme substrates involved in this invention are 5-aminoisophthalic acid derivatives of the general formula ##STR1## and wherein each of R1 and R2 is --OH, --NH2, --NHCH3, --NHC2 H5, --N(CH3)2, --N(C2 H5)2, --N(CH3) (C2 H5), --OCH3, or --O(CH2)n CH3, n is an integer from 1 through 4, and wherein R3 is an amino acid moiety capable of being cleaved from the remainder of the substrate when exposed to a transferase or protease having activity specific to that substrate, in some cases in the presence of glycylglycine or some other appropriate acceptor such as glutamate, glycine, or glycylglycylglycine. Such substrates which have amino acid moieties (that may comprise several amino acid groups) and which are specific to various transferases and proteases are as follows:
__________________________________________________________________________
Substrate Enzyme
__________________________________________________________________________
(A)-lys-ala DAP-II
(A)-Z-ala-arg-arg
Catheps in B 1
(A)-BZ-val-lys-lys-arg
Cathepsin B 1a
(A 2-HCl)CBZ-arg-arg
Cathepsin B 1
(A-diacetate)-N-CBZ-arg-arg-arg
Trypsin
(A 3-HCl)-L-arg-arg
DAP III
(A)-Z-gly-gly-arg
Anionic Trypsin, Plasminogen Activator,
Proinsulin Converting Enzyme
(A)-pro-arg DAP-I or Cathepsin C
(A)-α-BZ-phe-val-arg
Thrombin
(di-A)-L-cystine Oxytocinase
(A)-γ-glutamyl
γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase
(A formate)-L-leu-gly-gly
(A)-leu Aminopeptidase
(A)-BZ-arg-pro-gly-phe-phe-leu
Cathepsin D
(A)-phe-pro-ala-met
Cathepsin B 1b
(A)-glutaryl-gly-L-phe
(A)-gly-pro DAP-IV
(A)-CBZ-pro-ala-gly-pro
Collagenase
(A)-his-ser DAP I or Cathepsin C
(A)-N-CBZ-L-pro-L-phe-L-his-L-
leu-L-leu-L-val-L-tyr-L-ser
(A)-N-CBZ-gly-L-met
Renin
(A)-glutaryl-ala-ala
Elastase
(A)-BZ-arg-pro-gly-phe-phe-pro
Cathepsin D
(A)-ala Aminopeptidase B
(A)-BZ-arg Trypsin/Cathepsin B 1
(A)-BZ-arg-gly-leu
(A)-met
(A)-BZ-arg-gly-tyr
DAP-I
(A)-ser-tyr Cathepsin C
__________________________________________________________________________
In the above, the designations constitute established abbreviations as follows: ala (alanine), arg (arginine), BZ (benzoyl, CBZ and Z (carbobenzoxy), gly (glycine), his (histidine), leu (leucine), lys (lysine), met (methionine), phen (phenylalanine), pro (proline), ser (serine), tyr (tyrosine), val (valine). To increase solubility rates, all of the substrates may, if desired, be converted to salts such as, for example, the hydrochloride, hydrobromide, acetate, or formate salts of the amino acids.
Each of the substrates, when exposed to its corresponding enzyme, is cleaved, the amino acid moiety being released or coupling with a suitable acceptor such as glycylglycine, to leave the fluorogenic primary amine (i.e., substrate (A), as identified above, in which the substituent for R3 is a hydrogen atom). All of such fluorogenic aromatic amines have peak excitation and emission characteristics, when exposed to ultraviolet light, which are sufficiently close to those of an NADH-linked test (λex=340 nm; λem=465 nm) to permit fluorometric activity measurements using the same equipment and filters employed for such standard NADH tests. Specifically, such chromophores have peak excitation characteristics at a wavelength within the range of 320 to 380 nm and peak emission characteristics at a wavelength within the range of 420 to 480 nm. For example, if substrate (A) has methoxy groups as R1 and R2, then the resulting chromophore will have a peak excitation wavelength of about 335 nm and a peak emission wavelength of about 445 nm.
In practicing the method of this invention, substrate is first dissolved in a sterile aqueous solution which preferably contains a suitable buffer to insure that the pH will be maintained at or near the optimum pH of the enzyme of interest. For example, where the enzyme to be measured is γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, the reaction may be measured over a broad range of pH values from about 7.5 to 9.0, a pH of 8.2 yielding maximum activity in the fluorometric assay system. The substrate solution is mixed with the sample (suspension or solution) and transferred to a suitable cuvet with any suitable fluorometer being used to measure front-surface fluorescence. The rate of production of the fluorogenic compound is directly proportional to the amount of transferase present in the sample.
The following examples are further illustrative of the invention:
Serum γ-glutamyl transpeptidase may be measured fluorometrically by utilizing γ-(L-glutamyl)-5-aminoisophthalic acid, dimethyl ester, hydrochloride salt, as the substrate. Such substrate has the structural formula: ##STR2##
The reagent solution contained 5 mM substrate, 55 mM glycylglycine, and 100 mM Tris buffer (pH 8.2 at 25° C.), the solution volume being 1.5 ml. The reagent solution was warmed to 37° C., sample was added (volume at 0.05 ml), the reactants were mixed and pumped into a flow-through cuvet. The rate of increase in fluorescence was then measured for a minimum of 4 minutes using a front-surface instrument (λex=365 nm; λem=465 nm). By such a procedure, the rate of change in fluorescence of the end product (5-aminoisophthalic acid, dimethyl ester) resulting from the hydrolysis of the substrate was measured, and the slope was calculated as the change in fluorescence per minute of reaction.
The results of serum samples tested in accordance with Example 1 were compared with the results of colorimetric assays run on the same patient samples, using GGTP reagent as marketed by Dade Division of American Hospital Supply Corporation and following the method set forth in the package instructions. To facilitate interpretation of data, the ΔF/min. was changed to International Units per liter (IU/L) by totaling IU/L and ΔF/min. and deriving a factor IU/ΔF. The sera was tested in two groups of 14, one group representing undiagnosed conditions and the other diagnosed conditions, and the following results were obtained:
______________________________________
Glutamyl Transpeptidase
Activity (IU/L)
Sample Fluorometric
Colorimetric
______________________________________
1 47 45
2 52 51
3 12.5 17
4 85.4 79
5 113.4 110
6 196.9 195
7 14.5 17
8 14.5 18
9 345 344
10 43.4 48
11 48.8 72
12 236.4 225
13 212.3 198
14 259.6 260
15 80.9 87
16 Metastatic Cancer
87.5 119
17 Gastritis 89.5 94
18 Dehydration 166.4 172
19 Obst. Jaundice
23 26
20 Colostomy 181 184
21 Hepatomegaly 250.4 264
22 Cancer of Bladder
146.7 148
23 Jaundiced 164.0 167
24 Hip Problem 215.4 200
25 Hodgkins 14.7 14
26 Chest Pain, Hypertension
62.8 47
27 Pulm. Embolus 174.2 150
28 Sarcodosis 193.5 178
______________________________________
The data demonstrate excellent correlation between the fluorometric method and the conventional colorimetric method for the determination of serum levels of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase.
The γ-(L-glutamyl)-5-aminoisophthalic acid, dimethyl ester, hydrochloride salt, used as the substrate in Example 1 may be prepared by mixing phthaloyl glutamic anhydride (13.2 g, 0.051 mole) and 5-aminoisophthalic acid, dimethyl ester (10.4 g, 0.050 mole) in 60 ml of dioxane, and stirring same at 55°-60° C. (bath temperature) for 1.5 hours. After evaporation of the solvent, the residue is then dissolved in 200 ml of methanol and hydrazine hydrate (7.5 g, 0.15 mole). The solution should then be filtered and allowed to stand at room temperature (2 days). A resulting white precipitate is then collected, washed with 100 ml of water and 25 ml of ethanol, agitated in 100 ml of 0.5 N hydrochloric acid, and filtered. The filtrate is treated with sodium bicarbonate to give a pH of 6.5 to 7.0, and the precipitate (8 g) is collected and dried. The hydrochloride salt may then be prepared by dissolving 1 gram of the glutamyl derivative in a solution of 0.3 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid and 6 ml of methanol. After evaporation of the methanol, the solid is then dried under reduced pressure.
The following process may be used to prepare other 5-aminoisophthalic acid derivatives which may then be coupled to appropriate amino acid constituents as indicated. ##STR3##
Where an amide is to be formed, RNH2 is substituted for ROH in this equation. In either event, the end product is then reacted with the particular amino acid desired in the appropriate form (as illustrated in Example 3 in connection with phthaloyl glutamic anhydride) to produce the final amino acid derivative of aminophthalic acid to be used as a substrate for determining transpeptidase and/or protease activity.
While in the foregoing we have disclosed the invention in considerable detail for purposes of illustration, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that many of these details may be varied without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (14)
1. A reagent for use in a fluorometric determination of transferase and protease activity, said reagent comprises a substrate selected from the group consisting of ##STR4## wherein each of R1 and R2 is --OH, --NH2, NHCH3, --NHC2 H5, --N(CH3)2, --N(C2 H5)2, --N((CH3) (C2 H5), --OCH3, or O(CH2)n CH3, n is an integer of 1 through 4, and wherein R3 is an amino acid moiety capable of being cleaved from the remainder of said substrate in the presence of a transferase or protease having activity specific to that substrate and a buffer which maintains pH at or near the optimum pH of the transferase or protease.
2. The reagent of claim 1 wherein R3 is an amino acid moiety transferable to glycylglycine when said substrate is reacted with glycylglycine in the presence of a transferase having activity specific to said substrate.
3. The reagent of claim 2 in which each of R1 and R2 is --OCH3, said substrate being useful in the fluorometric determination of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase.
4. A reagent suitable for use in a fluorometric determination of transferase activity of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase comprising a γ-glutamyl derivative of dimethyl-5-amino isophalate, or salts thereof; an acceptor of the glutamyl moiety when said derivative is cleaved in the presence of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; and a buffer for maintaining a pH within the range of 7.5 to 9.0.
5. The reagent of claim 4 in which said acceptor is glycylglycine.
6. A fluorometric method for determining the activity of transferases and proteases in samples of biological fluids, comprising the steps of mixing and reacting a substrate and a sample of body fluid containing a transferase or protease capable of cleaving said substrate; then exposing the mixture to ultraviolet light having a wavelength within the range of 320 to 380 nm; and measuring the rate of change in fluorescence at a wavelength within the range of 420 to 480 nm; said substrate being selected from the group consisting of ##STR5## wherein each of R1 and R2 is --OH, --NH2, NHCH3, --NHC2 H5, --N(CH3)2, --N(C2 H5)2, --N(CH3) (C2 H5), --OCH3, or O(CH2)n CH3, n is an integer of 1 through 4, and wherein R3 is an amino acid moiety capable of being cleaved from the remainder of said substrate in the presence of a transferase having activity specific to that substrate.
7. The method of claim 6 in which the reaction mixture is exposed to ultraviolet light having a wavelength of approximately 365 nm.
8. The method of claim 6 in which the change in fluorescence is measured at a wavelength of about 465 nm.
9. The method of claim 6 in which said mixing step includes mixing glycylglycine with said substrate and sample; R3 being an amino acid moiety transferable to glycylglycine during said mixing step.
10. The method of claim 9 in which R3 is γ-glutamyl and said transferase is γ-glutamyl transpeptidase.
11. A fluorometric method for determining the activity of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase in a sample of biological fluid, comprising the steps of mixing and reacting a γ-glutamyl derivative of 5-aminoisophthalic acid, dimethyl-5-aminoisophtholate, or salts thereof, with a γ-glutamyl acceptor, a buffer for maintaining a pH within the range of 7.5 to 9.0, and a sample of biological fluid containing γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; then exposing the mixture to ultraviolet light having a wavelength within the range of 320 to 380 nm; and measuring the rate of change in fluorescence at a wavelength within the range of 420 to 480 nm.
12. The method of claim 11 in which the reaction mixture is exposed to ultraviolet light having a wavelength of approximately 365 nm.
13. The method of claim 11 in which the change in fluorescence is measured at a wavelength of about 465 nm.
14. The method of claim 11 in which said acceptor is glycylglycine.
Priority Applications (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/822,057 US4167449A (en) | 1976-07-29 | 1977-08-05 | Composition and method for determining transferase and protease activity |
| CA296,850A CA1087075A (en) | 1977-08-05 | 1978-02-14 | Composition and method for determining transferase and protease activity |
| FR7805955A FR2399663A1 (en) | 1977-08-05 | 1978-03-02 | COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR DETERMINING TRANSFERASE AND PROTEASE ACTIVITY |
| BE6046374A BE864577A (en) | 1977-08-05 | 1978-03-03 | COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR DETERMINING TRANSFERASE AND PROTEASE ACTIVITY |
| CH239478A CH645992A5 (en) | 1977-08-05 | 1978-03-06 | Reagent for the fluorimetric determination of transferase and protease activity and its use for this determination |
| DE19782818732 DE2818732A1 (en) | 1977-08-05 | 1978-04-28 | MIXTURE AND METHOD FOR DETERMINING TRANSFERASE AND PROTEASE ACTIVITY |
| JP5747778A JPS5428195A (en) | 1977-08-05 | 1978-05-15 | Composition for use as base for fluorescent measurement of transferase and protease activity* and fluorescent analytic measurement of same enzymic activity |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US70972076A | 1976-07-29 | 1976-07-29 | |
| US05/822,057 US4167449A (en) | 1976-07-29 | 1977-08-05 | Composition and method for determining transferase and protease activity |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US70972076A Continuation-In-Part | 1976-07-29 | 1976-07-29 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US4167449A true US4167449A (en) | 1979-09-11 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| US05/822,057 Expired - Lifetime US4167449A (en) | 1976-07-29 | 1977-08-05 | Composition and method for determining transferase and protease activity |
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Cited By (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1980000351A1 (en) * | 1978-08-03 | 1980-03-06 | American Hospital Supply Corp | Analytical fluorogenic substrates for proteolytic enzymes |
| WO1980002295A1 (en) * | 1979-04-23 | 1980-10-30 | R Smith | 4-trifluoromethylcoumarin peptide derivatives and their use in proteinase assays |
| EP0052296A1 (en) * | 1980-11-12 | 1982-05-26 | Mitsubishi Kasei Corporation | Glutamine derivatives usable for curing immune diseases, methods for their preparation and compositions comprising said derivatives |
| US4448715A (en) * | 1981-11-02 | 1984-05-15 | University Of Miami | Tagged pyroglu-L-Phe-L-Arg derivatives, substrates and assays for kallikrein |
| US4469789A (en) * | 1980-02-16 | 1984-09-04 | Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh | Amino acid and peptide esters of leuko-indoaniline compounds and compositions for the detection of proteolytic enzymes |
| US4510241A (en) * | 1981-09-03 | 1985-04-09 | Mallinckrodt, Inc. | Peptide-type substrates useful in the quantitative determination of endotoxin |
| US4528133A (en) * | 1982-10-01 | 1985-07-09 | Spofa, Spojene Podniky Pro Zdravotnickou Vyrobu | Biologically active tripeptide and tetrapeptide alkylamides, and method for the preparation thereof |
| EP0103823A3 (en) * | 1982-09-17 | 1985-07-31 | Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh | Method and reagent for the determination of gamma-glutamyltransferase |
| EP0218140A2 (en) * | 1985-09-26 | 1987-04-15 | EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY (a New Jersey corporation) | Substrates, compositions, elements and methods for the determination of gamma-glutamyltransferase |
| US4671958A (en) * | 1982-03-09 | 1987-06-09 | Cytogen Corporation | Antibody conjugates for the delivery of compounds to target sites |
| US4741900A (en) * | 1982-11-16 | 1988-05-03 | Cytogen Corporation | Antibody-metal ion complexes |
| US4777131A (en) * | 1986-01-13 | 1988-10-11 | Imperial Tobacco Limited | Method of determining sugar content of tobacco using a discrete analyzer |
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| US5140104A (en) * | 1982-03-09 | 1992-08-18 | Cytogen Corporation | Amine derivatives of folic acid analogs |
| US5750360A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1998-05-12 | Lxr Biotechnology Inc. | Method for quantitatively measuring apoptosis |
| US6235494B1 (en) | 1999-02-08 | 2001-05-22 | The Scripps Research Institute | Substrates for assessing mannan-binding protein-associated serine protease activity and methods using the substrates |
| US6297024B1 (en) | 1998-10-15 | 2001-10-02 | Cell Activation, Inc. | Methods for assessing complement activation |
| US9927351B2 (en) | 2014-08-12 | 2018-03-27 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Sample test method, microfluidic device, and test device |
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Cited By (25)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0016800A1 (en) * | 1978-08-03 | 1980-10-15 | American Hospital Supply Corp | Determination of proteolytic enzymes in body fluids and fluorogenic substrates. |
| EP0016800A4 (en) * | 1978-08-03 | 1981-01-08 | American Hospital Supply Corp | Determination of proteolytic enzymes in body fluids and fluorogenic substrates. |
| US4275153A (en) * | 1978-08-03 | 1981-06-23 | American Hospital Supply Corporation | Analytical fluorogenic substrates for proteolytic enzymes |
| WO1980000351A1 (en) * | 1978-08-03 | 1980-03-06 | American Hospital Supply Corp | Analytical fluorogenic substrates for proteolytic enzymes |
| WO1980002295A1 (en) * | 1979-04-23 | 1980-10-30 | R Smith | 4-trifluoromethylcoumarin peptide derivatives and their use in proteinase assays |
| US4294923A (en) * | 1979-04-23 | 1981-10-13 | Smith Robert E | Substrates and method for determining enzymes |
| US4469789A (en) * | 1980-02-16 | 1984-09-04 | Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh | Amino acid and peptide esters of leuko-indoaniline compounds and compositions for the detection of proteolytic enzymes |
| EP0052296A1 (en) * | 1980-11-12 | 1982-05-26 | Mitsubishi Kasei Corporation | Glutamine derivatives usable for curing immune diseases, methods for their preparation and compositions comprising said derivatives |
| US4510241A (en) * | 1981-09-03 | 1985-04-09 | Mallinckrodt, Inc. | Peptide-type substrates useful in the quantitative determination of endotoxin |
| US4448715A (en) * | 1981-11-02 | 1984-05-15 | University Of Miami | Tagged pyroglu-L-Phe-L-Arg derivatives, substrates and assays for kallikrein |
| US5140104A (en) * | 1982-03-09 | 1992-08-18 | Cytogen Corporation | Amine derivatives of folic acid analogs |
| US4671958A (en) * | 1982-03-09 | 1987-06-09 | Cytogen Corporation | Antibody conjugates for the delivery of compounds to target sites |
| EP0103823A3 (en) * | 1982-09-17 | 1985-07-31 | Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh | Method and reagent for the determination of gamma-glutamyltransferase |
| US4528133A (en) * | 1982-10-01 | 1985-07-09 | Spofa, Spojene Podniky Pro Zdravotnickou Vyrobu | Biologically active tripeptide and tetrapeptide alkylamides, and method for the preparation thereof |
| US4741900A (en) * | 1982-11-16 | 1988-05-03 | Cytogen Corporation | Antibody-metal ion complexes |
| US4867973A (en) * | 1984-08-31 | 1989-09-19 | Cytogen Corporation | Antibody-therapeutic agent conjugates |
| EP0218140A3 (en) * | 1985-09-26 | 1989-03-29 | Eastman Kodak Company | Substrates, compositions, elements and methods for the determination of gamma-glutamyltransferase |
| US4751178A (en) * | 1985-09-26 | 1988-06-14 | Eastman Kodak Company | Substrates, compositions, elements and methods for the determination of gamma-glutamyltransferase |
| EP0218140A2 (en) * | 1985-09-26 | 1987-04-15 | EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY (a New Jersey corporation) | Substrates, compositions, elements and methods for the determination of gamma-glutamyltransferase |
| US4777131A (en) * | 1986-01-13 | 1988-10-11 | Imperial Tobacco Limited | Method of determining sugar content of tobacco using a discrete analyzer |
| US5750360A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1998-05-12 | Lxr Biotechnology Inc. | Method for quantitatively measuring apoptosis |
| US6297024B1 (en) | 1998-10-15 | 2001-10-02 | Cell Activation, Inc. | Methods for assessing complement activation |
| US6235494B1 (en) | 1999-02-08 | 2001-05-22 | The Scripps Research Institute | Substrates for assessing mannan-binding protein-associated serine protease activity and methods using the substrates |
| US9927351B2 (en) | 2014-08-12 | 2018-03-27 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Sample test method, microfluidic device, and test device |
| US10126232B2 (en) | 2014-08-12 | 2018-11-13 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Sample test method, microfluidic device, and test device |
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