US416612A

US416612A - hoghhausen

Info

Publication number: US416612A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1889-12-03
Anticipated expiration: 1906-12-03

Description

(No Model.) 3 sheets-sheet 1.

' W. HOCHHAUSEN.

SYSTEM 0F ARG AND INGANDBSOENT ELECTRIC LIGHTING. 110.416.612. y Patented Deo. 3, 1889.

SSSGDS N. PETERS. Pham-Lmmgmpm-n wmmngmn, D Cy (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

' W. HOCHHAUSEN.

SYSTEM 0E AEG ANDA INGANEESGENT ELEGTEIG LIGHTING.

No. 416,612. I Patented Deo. 3, 1889.

N. PETERS Phomumngrzpher, wnhingwn, D. C.

3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

(No Model.)

Y W. HOCHHAUSBN. SYSTEM 0F ARG AND INGANDESGEN'I ELECTRIC LIGHTING. No. 416,612.

Patented Deo. 3, 18879.

Mmewesf. Zd?

N. PETERS, Pham-Lilhngmpher. Washington. D4 t;

UNiTED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

VILLIAM HOCHIIAUSEN, OF NVYORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO TIIE EXCELSIOR ELECTRIC COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

SYS'TEM OF ARC AND INCANDES'CENT ELECTRIC LIGHTING.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 416,612, dated December 3, 1889.

Serial No. 117,106. (No model.)

To @ZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, WILLIAM HocHHAUsEN, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Systems of Arc and Incandescent Electric Lighting, of which the following is a specification. A My invention is designed primarily to make practicable the running of arc and incandescent electric lamps on the same general circuit, and is intended more especially for application .to those systems of lighting in which incandescent lamps are arranged in I5 multiple-arc branches upon a line on which arclamps are run in series. In systems of this kind as hitherto operated there has been danger of rupture of the whole circuit and liability to the destruction of all the incandescent lamps from the sudden turning out of an arc lamp or lamps on the circuit or from the accidental breakage of one or more of the incandescent lamps in a set of multiple-arc branches. In the case of the turning out of an arc lamp the resistance is suddenlylowered, and it the current-governor of the dynamo-machine does not act with promptness more current passes through the incandescent lamps than they can bear, and' one or more of them are broken. The breaking of any one or more incandescent lamps endangers the lamps in the remaining multiple-arc branches, the number of paths for the current having been thus diminished, so that each of the remaining lamps is obliged to carry more current. This action might result in the breakage of all the lamps. The same danger may arise from the breakage of any lamp in a multiple-arc branch through inherent weakness even when carrying a normalcurrent. My invention overcomes entirely all danger arising from these causes and absolutely protects the lamps in the multiple-arc branches from injury by ex- 45 cess of current, and likewise makes a rupture of the general circuit from the above causes impossible.

My invention consists, principally, in combining with the incandescent lamps arranged in multiple arc a spring or equivalently-actu- 5o ated shunting-switch, said switch being normally (or while the lamps are working properly) held out of operation by a catch or detent and automatically released by any suitable means, as by an electro-magnet, upon an abnormal iiow of current in a multiple-arc branch, which branch may be a branch containing a lamp, but is preferably a separate branch containing a high-resistance magnet.

My invention consists also in certain de- 6c tails and combinations that will be described in connection with the accompanying drawings, and will then be pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a plan of an apparatus embodying my invention, showing the devices assembled in a box or casing. Fig 2 is a side view of the box, showing the arrangement of the automatic switch. Fig. l1. Fig. 4 is a diagram of the connections oi' the devices. Fig. 5 illustrates a modiiied detail.

A indicates the box or casing containing the apparatus, and B B2 B3 binding-posts for 75 the attachment of the conductors leading to the incandescent lamps arranged in multiple are and of the line or general-circuit conductors that include the arc lamps or other apparatus arranged in series with one another 8o and with the incandescent lamps.

C indicates a switch connected at its pivot in any ordinary or suitable way with the general-circuit wire 5 and at its free end adapted to be forced between and make contact either 8 5 with springs D D', that are connected with one pole of the circuit for the incandescent lamps, or with springs D2 D2, that are directly connected with the binding-post B ,to which the general-circuit wire 5 on the other side of 9o the apparatus is connected. A button or handle d serves to operate the switch to throw it against springs D D', while a spring D3 or a weight or equivalent actuating device tends to hold the switch in contact with D2 95 D2. In the latter position the incandescent lamps are shunted or cut out. The springs D and D2 are so arranged that the switch Fig. 3 is a section on the line :l: Qc of 7o shall. make contact with one set before breaking contact with the other.

E indicates a detent-lever having a detent or catch at e, that engages with the switchlever C and holds it in contact with the springs D D when it has been thrown to that position. The detent-lever is held in this position by an electro-magnet F acting on the lever as on an armature or by other suitable devices, and is drawn in the opposite direction by a spring c2 or weight to release the switch on the operation of suitable devices (to be presently described) that come into play upon an abnormal flow of current in a multiple-arc branch or in an extra branch around the incandescent lamps.

At 6 6 are indicated the local or sub conductors leading to the multiple-arc branches a a a a, &c., each containing an incandescent electric lamp b h or other translating device. One of said conductors 6 is connected with binding-post B', and so direct-ly with the general circuit containing the arc lamps. The other conductor G is connected to bindingpost B3, from which connection is made by any suitable wires with the springs D D.

In the present instance the connection is shown as made through a wire 8 and strap l5, connecting with a local binding post g, mounted on a blockthat supports a contactstop h for an armature G, and from said binding-post through wires 9 and electro-magnet F to the contacts D D. IVhen this circuit is closed by the throwing of the switch C to D D', the magnet F is energized and sets the detent c so as to hold the switch C in position to keep the incandescent lamps Z) b and other apparatus (to be now described) in circuit.

H indicates an electro-magnet of high resistance, which when the contacts at D D are closed is in a multiple-arc branch or in a branch around the incandescent lamps, connection of the magnet-terminals for this purpose being made, as indicated in the figures, to post g and wire 9 on one side and to local binding-post h2 on the other side, the latter being connected to the post B', with which the incandescent-lamp circuit is connected.

I indicates an armature-lever for said magnet, controlling two normally-open supplemental branches, one containing an artiiicial resistance K, normally equal to the resistance ot a lamp b when the latter is hot, and the other containing an incandescent lamp L, mounted in a suitable holder on the box or otherwise. Armature-lever I is connected with binding-post h2, and so with main line at B', and serves, when drawn forward against the action of its retractor by a predetermined increase of current in II, to close, by means of spring In, an insulated contact Z, connected, through wire l0 and resistance K, with binding-post g and contacts D D. A second contact M for the lever I is connected, through wires 12 and lamp L, with g and D D', and is set just out of range of the lever when contact is iirst made at Z, so that a further increase of current in magnet ll beyond that necessary to close the circuit to K is required in order to close the circuit to lamp L.

rlhe resistance K is mounted in any suitable manner, and consists of a spiral or spirals of wire fixed at its ends and having its successive turns in such close proximity that the expansion of the wire by the heating etfects of a current flowing through it may cause the successive turns to come into more or less close connection, and thus lessen the resistance by short-circuiting the turns. By this construction, when the resistance branch is closed, a further increase of current through the branches will, by heating the resistance, automatically diminish its amount, so that its shunting capacity will automatically increase and the safety of any apparatus in the branch or branches to which it forms a shunt will be still further assured.

The supplemental armature G is magnetically connected at one end to the core of H and its other or free end is presented to the opposite end oi' the core of magnet II. The frame and core of magnet H, and therefore the armature G, are connected with the conductor 9, leading from contacts D D to the frame and then to the magnet F, while the contactstop h for said armature is connected with the post g, so that, as will be obvious, when the armature G is drawn against its contact the magnet F will be short-circuited, and the retractor e2 will thereupon disengage the switch and detent, so that the switch may be thrown by its spring or other device.. Abutton on the lever E permits a release of the switch to be also effected by hand at will. The retractor for armature G is so adjusted that the shuntto F can only be closed upon an abnormal flow of current in ll beyond that necessary to close contact M and of such amount that a breakage ot all the incandescent-lamp branches a a is threatened.

In order to prevent spark at the contacts D2 D2 when the switch is operated to break the shunt around the lamps and to throw the lamps into circuit, I provide resistances R R R, of German silver wire or other suitable material, arranged in multiple arc and connected, respectively, with the three contactsprings 0 o' r on one side, as indicated, and on the other with the main line through D2 D2 and B. The switch G leaves the springs r fr fr in succession after breaking' connection with D2 D2, thus gradually increasing the resistance in the shunt and at the same time forcing current to the lamps through D D. When the switch is in contact with the three springs r o' 7', the resistance is obviously onethird that of one coil R; but when it leaves the last spring r the resistance is equal to that of a whole coil.

The general operation is as follows: The switch C being in the position shown in the drawings', the short or cut-out circuit through D2 D2 around the lamps is broken and the lamps b l) are in multiple are on the same IOO IIO

general circuit with the arc lights indicated at'jN. The magnet F, which is of low resistance and has been placed in the general circuitby the turning of the switch to contacts D"D, is energized and holds lever E against its retractor in such position that the catch e engages with C and holds the latter. Current passes also through the high-resistance magnet H; but the armature-lever I therefor remains held against its back-stop by the actionof the retractor for I, which is suitably adjusted to hold it in this position so long as the vtlow of current in H remains normal. The supplemental branches containing, respectively, the resistance KA and the lamp L therefore remain open. If 'from any cause the current in H increase to a predetermined amount, so as to overcome the retractor for I, either by reason of the extinction of an arc lamp and consequent increase of current on the, general circuit or by reason of the breakage of a lamp b and consequent rupture of a multiple-arc branch, thus throwing more current onto the remaining branches, said magnet H will draw up its armature and close the circuit through resistance K, thus providing an additional path for the current and withdrawing a proportionate amount of current from the lamp branchesa, so as to restore the flow of current on the latter to normal or proper amount. If from any reason-as, for instance, the breakage of an additional lamp b-the current in H increase still more, the armature-lever I will close the circuit of lamp L through M, and said lamp will begin to glow, indicating a dangerous state of the lamps b h, &c., remainingin circuit. If the current in the various branches now in circuit increases still further, the resistance-wire coils of K may begin to automatically shunt themselves, and by thus, in a measure, withdrawing current from the lamps b protect them to a certain extent. During these actions the armature G is stationary, its retractor being so adjusted that the magnet H can only attract it to close crlcuit at h when there is an excessive flow of current in H, due to the breakage of a number of branches a d or to other abnormal conditions tending to aiect the safety of such lamps and the integrity of the general circuit by obligin g such lamps to carry a greater current than they can bear. When these conditions come into existence, the armature G is drawn down, closing the contacts at h and shunting magnet F, which thereupon releases its hold on its armature, thus permitting the switch C to be automatically thrown over by spring D3, so as to break the circuit to the lamps and complete the circuit for the general conductor 5 5 around them, as already explained.

I do not limit myself to any particular mechanical construction of detent or catch devices, norto the form or construction of the magnet for producing the desired closures of circuit or operation of the detent.

I have herein shown the armature G as actuated by the magnet that controls the resistance R and lamp L; but it might obviously be actuated by a separate magnet, as indicated in Fig. 5, placed, if desired, in a separate branch.

In a prior application filed by me August 6, 1883, No. 102,986, I have claimed the combination, with a group of incandescent lamps arranged in multiple arc upon an arc circuit, of an extra branch around the group of lamps, an electro-magnet connected to the circuit, and an electric switch controlled thereby for diverting current through said branch to protect the lamps from injury on a dangerous increase of current in the multiple-arc branch. No claim is therefore made in the present application to this combination.

What I claim as my invention i sl. The combination, with a group of incandescent lamps arranged in multiple arc, of a shunting-switch, detaining mechanism for normally holding said switch open, and means for releasing said detaining mechanism upon an abnormal iiow of current in a multiple-arc branch.

2. The combination, with incandescent lamps arranged in multiple arc, of a switch for completing, when in one position, the circuit to the multiple-arc branches and when in the other position closing a shunt around them, means normally tending to actuate the switch so as to close the shunt, and a detent for holding the switch, said detent being controlled directly or indirectly by a magnet in a multiple-arc branch.

3. The combination, with lamps arranged in multiple arc, of a shunting-switch, a detent-magnet therefor in the connection to the lamps, and a circuit-controlling magnet in a multiple-arc branch, as and for the purpose described. i

4. The combination, with incandescent lamps arranged in multiple arc, of a supplemental branch containing a resistance, a magnet in a multiple-arc branch controlling the supplemental branch, a shunting-switch for shunting the lamps, and means for releasing said switch upon an extinction of a number of lamps or an abnormal Iiow of current in a multiple-arc branch.

5. The combination, with incandescent lamps arranged in multiple arc, of a shunting-switch, a detent-magnet therefor in the circuit to the lamps closed by said switch, and means for short-circuiting said magnet upon a predetermined increase in the tlow of current in a multiple-arc branch.

6. The combination, with incandescent lamps arranged in multiple arc upon an arclight circuit, of a shunting-switch, a detent therefor, and means for operating said detent upon a predetermined increase in the fiow of current in a multiple-arc branch, so as to release the switch.

7. The combination, with incandescent lamps arranged in multiple arc, of two nor- IOO mally-open supplemental branches, one containing an artificial resistance and the other an incandescent lamp, and means for closing said branches in succession upon predetermined increasenients in the iiow of current in the multiple-arc branches.

8. The combination, with the multiple-arc branches, of a normally-open supplemental branchcontaining a resistance-coil having its turns in close proximity and capable of free movement, so that the heating of the coil may cause the successive turns to come into contact and thus lessen the resistance, as and for the purpose described.

9. The combination, with a lamp or other translating -device b, of the branch around the same, the artificial resistanceecoil constructed in the manner described, so as to automatically decrease in resistance, and means for closing said branch, for the purpose described.

l0. The combinatiomwith a group of incandescent lamps arranged in multiple arc, of a normally-open branch of low resistance around them and means for automatically closing said branch upon an abnormal increase of current in a multiple-arc branch.

11. The combination, with a group of incandescent lamps arranged in multiple arc,

of a normally-open branch around them and means for automatically closing said branch and simultaneously breaking the circuit to vthe group of lamps upon a dangerous increase of current in a multiple-arc branch.

12. The combination, with a group of incandescent lamps arranged in multiple arc, of a normally-open branch containing an incandescentlamp and means for closing said branch upon a predetermined increase in the current of a multiple-arc branch.

13. The combination, with a group of incandescent lamps arranged in multiple arc, of a supplemental branch containing a resistance, a magnet in a multiple-arc branch con-