US416257A - Type-writing machine - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.)

6 SheetsSheet 1. D. W. DODSON.

' TYPE WRITING MACHINE. No. 416,257. Patented Dec. 3, 1889.

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TYPE WRITING MAGHINE.

No. 416,257. Patented Dec. 3, 1889.

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D. W. DODSON.

TYPE. WRITING MAGHINE N0.416,257. Patented Dec. 3, 1889.

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(No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 4-. D. W. DODSON.

TYPE WRITING MACHINE. No. 416,257. Patented Dec. 3, 1889.

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(No Model.)

PatentedDeo. 3, 1889..

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D. W. DODSON.

TYPE WRITING MAGHINE.

No. 416,257; Patented Dec 3, 1889.

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DARIEN V. DODSON, OF TOlVN LINE, PENNSYLVANIA.

TYPE-WRITING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 416,257, dated December 3, 1889.

Application filed March 29, 1884.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, DARIEN W. DODSON, a citizen of the United States, residing at Town Line, in the county of LllZQI'HG and State of Pennsylvania, have invented new and useful Improvementsin Type-\Vriting Machines, of which the following is a specification,

This invention relates to that class of typewriters in which the type are arranged on the periphery of revoluble type-wheels carried on a revoluble turret, and it is in the nature of an improvement on a typewriter belonging to the same class and described in my prior Letters Patent, No. 299,75 1, dated June 3, 1884, as hereinafter more fully set forth.

In the drawings accompanying and forming a part of this specification, Figure 1 is a perspective view of a type-writer embodying my improvements. View of the machine, the type-case'cover being removed to show the printing mechanism within said case. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section taken in a line just below the type-wheels, a part of the key-board being broken away and the paper-carriage removed to better show the mechanism beneath the same. Fig. 4 is a vertical section through the machine from front to rear transversely to the keyboard. Figs. 5 and 0 are respectively a side and top detail view of the type-wheel in its preferred form. Fig. 7 is a side elevation of the paper-carriage, which is of the cylindrical type or style and arranged in the machine to stand and move vertically. Fig. 8 is a vertical section through the carriage. Fig. 0 is a perspective view of the paper-holding clips, the outline of carriage-cylinder being shown in dotted lines. Fig. 10 is a plan of the lower end of said cylinder, the carriage-shaftbeingin section and the lower clip-lever being broken awayto show the feed-nut. Fig. 11 is a detail perspective view of the feed-nut and its operating-stem. Fig. 12 is a diagram, in plan view, illustrating certain featuresin the operation of the printing mechanism. Fig. 13 is a detail perspective view of the feed-plate. Fig. '14 is a side elevation of one of the wheel-starters in its preferred form. Fig. 15 is a perspective view showing a modification of the feeding apparatus.

Similar characters designate like parts in all the figures.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged plan.

Serial No. 126,960. (No model.)

My improved type-writing machine consists, essentially, of a suitable frame-work,.a revoluble turret, one or more revolubletypewheels mounted on said turret at a distance from its center, a series of type or wheel starters constructed and arranged to start revolving the said revoluble type or wheels, finger-keys and connections operating said starters, devices suitable for continuing for the proper time the rotation of said type or wheels and for stopping them, a paper-carriage, and carriage-feeding apparatus; and the nature of the said machine is such that some of the said elements thereof may be materially changed as to their own construction and mode of operation without requiring any material change in other elements comprised in the same combination. For instance, it is not a matter material to the print ing mechanism whether one or another form of paper-carriage is employed in connect-ion therewith, nor to the operation of the Wheelstarters what devices shall be used to continue the rotation of the wheels or to stop them. The same is true, also, of the other elements of mechanism above enumerated, and the following detaileddescription of the machine is made to be read in the light of the'principle thus illustrated. v

The frame-work of the machine comprises a frame proper or case (designated by 12) and a stand supporting this frame, which stand serves, also, to carry certain details of the mechanism. Said stand consists or may consist of a column 3, supported on a tripod 1, and supporting on its top theframe proper of the machine. The tripod has at its base a foot-power apparatus for rotating the drivingshaft 2, which shaft extends up through the stand-column into the chamber which is within frame 12. This chamber contains those parts of the machinery which, taken together, I denominate the printing mechanism, and which I will next describe.

A revoluble turret is carried on the upper end of shaft 2, and may be fixed thereto by means of a collar 16 thereon. This turret may properly consist of the disk 15, constructed (See Figs. 2, 4, and

The type or type-Wheel is a disk or wheel (designated by 32, Figs. 2, 4, 5, and 6) of suitable materialas hard rubber or metal having on its periphery a series of types 18, (except on one side where a few typespaces should be left blank, as at and having a starting arm or lug, as 35, whereby said type or wheel may be staited revolving on its own axis. In addition to these features, said type or wheel may have a hole or notch for engagement with a detent device, and may have a segmental rim or flange for returning the wheel or type starter after this shall have been interposed in the orbital path of the starting-arm and shall have started the wheel by striking against (intercepting) said arm. The typewheels are revolubly (pivotally) mounted on the revoluble turret by means of some suitable shaftor stud-such as the shaft 17journaled in a hearing or bearings formed in the turret and fixed in the wheel by a nut 20 in a well'known manner. Thus arranged the type-wheels are adapted to have (as described in my aforesaid prior application) two independent movements, (usually and preferably, but not necessarily, in the same plane,) one movement being an orbital rotary movement about the axis of the turret and the other a rotary movement in the opposite direction 011 its own axis in the turret. These two opposite rotary movements should have substantially corresponding velocities, whereby the types on said wheels shall be rolled against the inking pad or track, hereinafter described, and on the material to be printed without any sliding contact therewith. The radii of the several type-wheel axes, when more than one such wheel is used, measured from the turret-axis, are preferably made equal and should always be so made when the typewheels are themselves of equal diameters, which is always a desirable though not a necessary condition.

The type or wheel starter is a suitablyshaped block or part constructed and arranged to have a reciprocating or rotary-reciprocating movement toward and from the type-wheel or some part attached to said wheel and serving asa starting-arm therefor. As herein shown and described said wheelstarter has its movement in a direction about parallel to the axis of rotation of said wheel,

said movement being vertically, and the said starter being located beneath the wheel in a fixed position relative to the orbit of said wheel. Said wheel-starter operates by the method of impact, and starts the wheel by impinging against some part--as a startingarm-suitably constructed for that purpose. The form of said starter adopted for use in my present machine is well shown in Fig. 14, it being a Hat plate or block formed on or attached to the rear (left-hand) end of bar 23. Said plate has one part (designated by 32) especially designed for impinging against the starting-arm 35, and another part (designated by 28) on which the flange 33 of the type- Wheel acts to return (replace) the wheelstarter to its inoperative and lowest position, as hereinafter more fully explaii'lcd.

The arrangement in the machine of the whcclstarters is best shown in Fig. 3, where they are set at fixed distances (which are preferably regular distances) apart in slots cut in the outer and inner starter- guides 31 and 27, which guides are fastened to or formed on frame 12, and in which the said starters are adapted to freely move up and down. The number of wheel-starters corresponds to the number of utilized type-spaces on wheel 32,whieh number is twenty-seven in the machine shown in the drawings, but which may be made greater or smaller, as occasion may require, by correspondingly changing the proportions of the various details involved.

The dotted line 2t, Figs. 2, 3, and 12, drawn from the axis of shaft 2 to the axis of shaft 4-5, marks a point of reference in the orbital movement which corresponds to the point of reference 3t, Figs. 6 and 12, in the circumference of wheel 32-that is to say, the circumferential distances on wheel 32 of the several types, measured from point 34, correspond, after the nature of the machine, to the orbital distances of the respective wheelstarters measured from line 2, so that the first, second, or other wheel-starter will operate to start revolving the type-wheel for the printing of a character by the corresponding first, second, or other type, as the case may be; but I do not mean by the statement that the said circumferential and orbital distances correspond that such distances are respectively equal to each other, but, rather, that there I is, substantially, a corresponding ratio of increase in each of said sets of distances, measured from the first type and first starter, rc-

spectively. The distance, however, from said points of reference to said first members of the series depends 011 the particular construction and adjustment of the parts (especially of the starting-arm) and bears no necessary fixed relation to the size of the type-spaces. The principles governing such construction and adjustment are well known to those mechanics who are well acquainted with thelaying out of gearing and of mechanical movements, and \villbc readily understood by them without a more minute description.

As a means for operating the wheel-starters I employ aseries of ordinary key'levers 2 3, to the rear ends of which said starters are attached, and the front ends of which are furnished with the usual finger-keys 30, that project through holes in akey-board 29, which is or may be supported in front of frame 12 by connections with one or more bars or plates 43 attached to said frame. The key-levers are or may be fulcrumed on a suitably-supported bar or rod 25 and held in engagement therewith by a fixed strip 26 immediately above them. A bar 99 beneath the key-levers serves as a stop for properly limiting the downward movement of the keys and the upward move- IIO ITS

ment of tho wheel-starters connected with the keys. As the key-levers are preferably not furnished with springs to move them in either one or the other direction, and as it is desirable before beginning to use the machine to raise all depressed keys, I have provided an elevating-bar 100, extending under all the key-levers and operated by means of a depending knob 101. The operation of this device will be obvious from inspection of the drawings.

For continuing for a proper time the rotation of the type-wheel after this shall have been started by the wheel-starter and after this starter shall have ceased to act I use in my present machine the same means substantially as described for the same purpose in my aforesaid prior Letters Patent-that is to say, the periphery of said wheel, after the wheel is turned on its own axis through a distance about equal to one-half of space'19,

engages (runs in contact with) a surrounding wall or track, which serves the purpose of an internal gear (of either the frictional or toothed varieties) to continue the regular rotary motion of the wheel to make one complete revolution thereof. This being done, a detent device acts to restrain further movement of the wheel until again started as before. Said track is concentric to the typewheel orbit and should (except for a space near the paper-carriage) extend through an arc Whose length somewhat exceeds (at least) the circumference of said Wheel added to an orbital are that comprises all the wheel-starters, for since the type-wheel should when started always make one complete revolution, and since it may be started by the first or by the last wheel-starter, it is evident that its rotation in the one case must be continued much farther beyond line 24 than in the other case, the greatest distance beyond being about equal to the circumferential distance occupied by types on the type-wheel. Said track may properly consist of the band 21, (shown in Figs. 2 and 4,) it being held in place by the cap 22, screwed to the wall of frame 12, or by other Well-known means. By making said track of absorbent material-as good felt or the likeit serves a double purpose and acts as an internal gear to turn the type-:

wheel and as an inking-pad to ink the types on said wheel. In connection with the track I may use the cog or cogs J shown and described in my aforesaid Letters Patent for the purpose therein described.

It should be here noted that as the typewheels make (as arranged in this machine) only one revolution each time started, and as the particular type selected is brought directly to the printing-point without first striking the inking-pad, it is necessary on starting to use the -machine to revolve the type-wheels a few times, so as to inkall the type. After this the ordinary operation of the machine is usually sufficientto keep all the type properly inked.

in the cam 41.

bearing in turret 15, while its lower end-is fitted to enter hole 40 in Wheel 32, and its upper end or head 38 engages with and runs 011 the cam 41, which cam is formed on a disk 13, fixed to cover 14 of frame 12. Alight spring 37, fixed to disk 15, and at one end resting in a notch in said bolt-head 38, serves to prevent this from turning out of proper position, and also to hold down the bolt with sufficient force against the type-wheel during the time when said bolt is passing the space The said cam has a length and position proper to disengage the detent before the starting-arm reaches the orbital position of the first wheel-starter and to release the same after passing the last wheelstarter, the wheels being thus alway free to start at any point within those limits. No claim is made to this detent apparatus, except as it (or an equivalent therefor) is an element in a combination claimed.

In connection with the printing mechanism 1 may use a paper-carriage having a rectilinear movement from right to left, after the manner of type-writers generally, and as shown in my aforesaid Letters Patent; but I have preferred for my present purposes a suitably mounted and actuated paper-carrying cylinder whose axis is substantially parallel to the axis of the turret, and which is fed in 'a spiral direction forwa'rcl and upward, its forward movement being preferably (with either form of carriage) 'inthe plane'of revolution substantially of the typewheels, so that the types stand vertically across the face of the type-wheels. In the drawings such a cylinder (designated by 36 and formed hollow) is fitted to slide on. the hollow slotted shaft 4G, this shaft being itself mounted to turn on the screw-shaft 45, whose lower end is journaled loosely in a plate 53, that is fitted to slide on an arm 73, which is attached by screw 74 or otherwise to the stand. Said plate 53 is or may be moved toward and from the stand by an ordinary adjusting-screw 75, passing through lug 76, and a nut 77, this nut having an external groove 78, engaging with the plate 79, fixed on said lug, all in a well-known manner. This adjustment provides for the use of different-sized paper-carrying cylinders. screw-shaft 45 has fixed thereon a ratchetwheel 5%, with which the pawl-lever 55 engages to normally prevent (restrain) said shaft from having any forward movement while the machine is being used, and by releasing the pawl to permit the carriage, to-

The

gether with its operating-shaft, to be turned forward by hand without any vertical movement of said carriage. Shaft i6 is held in place longitudinally on the screw-shaft by a screw 104E or by some like device, (see Fig. 8,) and is fed by means of the ratchet-wheel 5o fixed thereon. The cylinder is fed upon shaft 46 by means of a feed-nut 48, carried in the lower end of said cylinder and passing through a slot 47 in said shaft to mesh with the thread on shaft 45, after a well-known manner. Said nut is furnished with a stem and knob, as t9, whereby it may be withdrawn from engagement with screw 45, but not entirely out of slot +17. A spring, as 51, affixed to the cylinder, bears in a notch 52, formed in or on said stem, and acting through this serves to hold the nut into mesh. (These details are shown best in Figs. '7 to 11, inclusive.) As shown in the drawings, the feed-nut has the oppo sitely-disposed arms 50, which serve as a stop to prevent said nut bearing too hard on shaft i5; but this stop may be omitted.

The upper end of the paper-cylinder 36 is suitably guided by means of a yoke 69, which, being pivoted at 7 0, passes around outside of the cylinder and is removably fastened by a button or catch at 71 on frame 12. A number of screws or other stops 72, adjustably fixed in said yoke, serve to adjust the position of said cylinder relative to the turret, so that the type-wheels 32, Fig. 2, shall bear against the cylinder with the proper degree of pressure.

The paper-cylinder is or may be turned by hand by means of a crank-arm 92, having a knob 93, fixed to the upper end thereof.

For holding the paper on the carriage 36, I use a pair of clips 81 S3, operated by springs and levers. The upper clip 81 is fixed to a lever 80, which is pivoted at 105 on said carriage or cylinder 30, and whose opposite end is upheld by a spring, as 89, Fig. 7, to close the clip. The lower'clip S3 is fixed to alever 2, (perforated for the passage through it of shaft 46,) which is fulerumed at St and operated by a spring 88 to close this clip. For opening these clips by hand to release the paper a thumb-piece 86 is fulcrumed on lever 80 over screw 87, which passes or may pass th ro ugh both the thumb-piece and said lever, and at one end is connected bya rod 85 to lever 82, said rod passing longitudinally through the cylinder for that purpose. The arrangement of the several details will be best understood from Figs. 7 and 0. On pressing down the thumb-lever 86 this depresses lever 80 and opens clip 81. At the same time said lever 86 draws up on red 85, and this, acting through lever 2, opens clip 83. \Vhile the clips are thus held open, the yoke being swung back, the sheet of paper to be printed may be wound about the cylinder 36 in the usual able time, this may be done by means of a button or catch U0, mounted on the cylinder, as in Figs. 2 and 8, and adapted to be swung or hooked over said lever when this is de pressed.

Upon the under side of the casing 12 is usually secured a leaf-spring102,which bears against the surface of the cylinder 36 and normally holds it in engagement with the screws '"2. At that end of the ink-cushion 21 which is nearest the cylinder is placed a leaf-spring 103, having its surface continuous with that of the ink-cushion and extending nearly to the contact-point of the typewheel and cylinder. The function of this spring is to keep the type-wheel in constant revolution until it rolls against the paper and leaves the impression of the selected type.

The carriage-feeding apparatus in a simple form is constructed and arranged as follows: A feed-plate 63 is located in a space in the track 21 forward of line 24, as shown in Figs. 2, 3, and 12, and with its inner surface normally somewhat within the circle of said track. This feed-plate is mounted on the upper end of a lever 60, whose movement is substantially radial to the turret 15. Said lever is pivotally supported at (51 (in some well-known manner) in a bracket (32, which is adjnstably fixed to the stand, so that by raising the bracket the proportions of the lever may be changed for the purpose of varying the length of the feed. The lower end of said feed-lever G0 fits in and actuates a feedpawl 57, which moves under a cap 50, fixed on plate 53, and is held into engagement with the feed-ratchet 56 by a spring 58, also fixed on said plate At its upper end the feed-lever is operatively connected with a slide Gt, held in place by screw in slot 66 or by other well-known means, (not shown,) whose movement is substantially radial to the turret, and whose inner end has a lug or hook (57, whereby it is moved toward shaft 2 by a feed-cam GS 011 said turret. This operation draws feed-plate 63 in toward shaft 2, and, acting through the feed-lever, forces for ward pawl 57 to feed ratchet 5G and the paper-carriage. The carriage-feed is thus a positive forward movement, and the plate 63 is only called a feed-plate because by it the feed-lever is set ready for the feeding operation, and not because it actually performs that operation. The feed plate indicates but does not make the feed. When during the operation of the machine a type-wheel has been properly started revolving, it first comes to the carriage and prints a character, as in Fig. 2, and then rolls onto and forces out the feed-plate 63, thereby drawing (retracting) pawl 57 back over a notch or notches of ratchet-wheel 56 and setting slide 64, with its lug 67, in the path of cam (58. This cam next strikes said lug and acts to positively feed the carriage, as above described. In practice there may be a feed-cam 68 for each type-wheel mounted on the turret. On the upper side of the ratchet-wheel 56 of the paper-cylinder graduations may be made, as shown in Fig. 3, to serve as a guide for placing and replacing said cylinder in any required position. J

A modified arrangement of the above slide and cam is shown in Fig. 15. Here the disk 97, fixed on shaft 2, has a cam 98, which operates slide 95, held in place by screws 96 on bracket 94 or otherwise, to force out the lower end of lever 60, thereby effecting the same result as in the former case, with the advantage of applying the power nearer the work.

To avoid any backlash,.when the fitting shall be such as to create the same, I attach to the lower end of the cylinder a spring 91,

.the end of which is inserted withinand bears against one edge of the slot 47in the sleeve 45. The tension of the spring normally tends to turn the cylinder in the direction of its feed, and when properly proportioned and fitted is sufficient to prevent any reaction or vibration of the cylinder after the feed movement.

For the purpose of driving the turret 15, shaft 2 may be extended down to the base of the stand and operatively connected with a treadle '7, mounted on rod 6. Said treadle is shown connected to the crank 5 of awheel 4:, fixed on said shaft. The connections consist in cords 10, which run over rollers 11 and are adjustably attached to the treadle at 8 and 9, respectively. This shaft-driving apparatus is not claimed herein, it being the subject-matter of a separate application.

'Motors driven by water, steam, or electricity may also be employed to furnish the neces sarypower for running the machine. The operation of the above-describedmachine is as follows: A sheet of paper to be printed is first closely wrapped around and secured on cylinder 36, and this is set about as shown inFig. 1, where lines 106 and 107 are supposed to represent the upper and lower edges, respectively, of said sheet. The turret 15 is now started revolving at a regular speed, (which may be one hundred to two hundred revolutions or more per minute,) and the operator selects and depresses one of the keys 30, and thereby elevates the corresponding wheel-starter into the orbital path of starting-arm This arm (on the first typewheel approaching) is intercepted by said wheel-starter. The result is that the typewheel 32 is started rew olving on its own axis, and that the types 18 engage with and roll on track 21, in a manner hereinbefore described, and thus continue said wheel revolving. This action continues until that type which corresponds, as before described, with the wheelstarter selected reaches the printing-point at line 24, Fig. 2, and prints its character on the paper by a rolling contact therewith. After this the wheel continues to turn by reason of its contact with the paper being printed until its types (one or more of them) strike against and force out the feed-plate 63, and

until one whole revolution on its own axis is completed, and until the wheel is locked by the detent device in the posit-ion shown by dotted lines 108, with the .space 19 standing outward, as in Fig. 12. The type-wheelshaft should be fitted to revolve freely in its hearing, so that the momentum of said wheel will assist in completing its revolution. Each time a character is thus selected and printed the type-wheel in some part of its periphery rolls against the feedplate, and thereby sets the eed apparatus to cause the carriage to be fed forward ready for the printing of another character, which selected and printed as before. 4

The spacing is accomplished by simply omitting some one of the types-on the typewheel, so that there is in effect a blank typespacc. By selecting the key corresponding to said blank type-space the type-wheel is made to start and complete its regular movement as before; but it only operates to set the feed apparatus, and thereby feed forward the carriage without printing a character. Usually I select one of the terminal typespaces for the spacer, as 109, Fig. 6; but any other of said spaces will answer the same purpose.

Respecting the use of a track for continuing the rotation of the type after this (or these) shall have been started revolving, it should be understood that this track is not required for the printing of the first character, so that said track is not an element necessary to all of the combinations which include said type, turret, and type-starter.

As used in this specification the word type is sometimes of the singular and sometimes of the plural number, and is also sometimes synonymous with types and with typewheel. The proper meaning, however, will always appear in any particularcase by reading those words in connection with the context.

On the starting of the type-wheel revolving its starting-arm (and also flange 33) takes an epicycloidal course, so that the lower edge of said flange 33 passes against the incline 28, which incline thus acts as a cam for returning the wheel-starter to its lowest position. It is to facilitate this operation that said starters are (preferably) set in the positions shown in Fig. 3-that is, inclined laterally to a line radial to the turret.

The improved mode herein described of printing from type has the advantage of making a very. clear impression under a'moderate pressure, so that good commercialwork maybe done by delicate and light-running machinery. The types being rolled against the ink-pad, they are very perfectly inked, and being also rolled on the material to be printed the full form of the character is clearly and easily brought out. Owing to these advantages the machine may be run very rapidly and still require therefor a very small amount of power, which is an impor- Too taut desideratum when the type writer is driven by foot-power, as in practice it often must be. This mode of printing has also an important advantage in that it directly conducive to extraordinary speed. In other machines using revoluble type-wheels these wheels are first rotated to the required position and stopped rotating while the impression is made. This requires the type not only to be moved, but also to be brought to rest, and afterward to he started again before the next type can be brought into position for printing, these operations having to be performed successively. Printing by such old mode is necessarily a comparativelyslow process; but by my improved mode the act of printing is performed while the type is rotatin g both orbitally and axially at full speed, and in such manner, as shown and hereinbefore described,that the operation of one type does not limit, as by the old way, the proper operation of the next type, for in my machine the duration of and the time between the printing operations or acts is determined by the distances apart and the velocities of the type-wheels in their orbit, and the starting and stopping of one type-wheel is done independently of the other said wheels, so that of said type-wheels one may be printing while a second is starting and while a third is stopping. These peculiarities, takenin connection with the increased dwell of the type on the paper, d no to the aforesaid rolling contact, (the platen being somewhat yielding,) enables the machine to perform good work at a very high speed.

It will be understood that the type-writer thus abovedescribed (and especially the several details thereof) is capable of moditieation in various ways and degrees (other than the ways described) after the manner of machines in general within the scope and limits of my invention.

Having thus described my claim- 1. The combination, in a type-writer, of a type-wheel having an orbital movement and adapted to have an independent rotary movement on its own axis, a starting-arm on said wheel, types located on the periphery of said wheel at .lixed circumferential distances from each other, reciprocating wheel-starters situated at fixed distances apart in the orbit of the wheel, which orbital distances correspond to said circumferential distances, whereby the operation of a given wheel-starter acts to start said wheel for the printing of the character whose circumferential position on said wheel corresponds to the orbital position of said wheel-starter, and a starter-guide set con centrieally to said orbital movement and corn strncted to receive said startersin slots formed in said guide, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

2. The combination, in a type-writer, of a revoluble type-wheel mounted on a revolublc invention, I

turret, a paper-carriage set tangent to a line which is the orbital path of the outer cdgeol' s-iid wheel when this is revolving, and a feedplatcset in said path and adapted to have a movement about radial to said turret, the whole being operatively connected and coacting to first bring said wheel against said carriage and then to act against said feedplate for setting the feed apparatus ready for.

the subsequent feeding of the carriage, all substantially as described.

3. The combination, in a type-writer, of a revoluble turret, a revolublc type wheel mounted on said turret near the outer circumference thereof, a lfiaper-carriage having a ratchet, a pawl for operating said ratchet, a feed-plate operated by the revolving typewhcel for retracting said pawl, and a cam on said turret for moving forward said pawl to feed the carriage, said plate and cam being operatively connected with said pawl, all substantially as described.

4. The combination, in a type-writer, of the revoluble turret, the revoluble type-wheel mounted on said turret and having a blank space, as 1.), a carriage, and a carriage-feeding pawl, feed-plate 63, slide 64, and cam 68, fixed on said turret, said plate and slide being operatively connected to said pawl, substantially as described.

The combination, in a type-writer, of a type-wheel having an orbital movement and adapted to have at the same time an independent rotary movement on its own axis, a starting'arm, and adjoining this a rim or flange, as both on said wheel, and a reciprocating wheel-starter having a part to intercept said arm and a part to be act-ed on by said rim or flange for the replacing of said starter, allsubstantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

(3. The combination, in a type-writer, of a cylindrical paper-carriage mounted to slide on a slotted hollow shaft, a normally nonrevolving screw-shaft within said hollow shaft, a feednut carried by said carriage, which nut passes through the slot in said hollow shaft and meshes with the thread of said screw shaft, and devices for imparting an intermittent rotary movement to said slotted shaft and carriage, all substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

7. The combination of the cylindrical carriage, the hollow shaft 46,screw-shaft 45, feed apparatus for turning shaft 4:6, and a pawl and ratchet acting to restrain the rotary movement of shaft to in one direction only, all substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

DARIEN \V. DODSON.

Witnesses:

D. L. RHoNE, EDWARD A, LvNcu.

ITO

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