US416108A - hyatt - Google Patents

Description

No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

J. W. HYATT. APPARATUS FOR THE CONTINUOUS EXTRAUTION OF FLUIDS.

No. 416,108. Patented Nov. 26, 18 89.

lifi JEIEIEI (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2; J. W. HYATT.

APPARATUS FOR. THE CONTINUOUS EXTRACTION OF'PLUIDS.

Patented Nov. 26, 1889.,

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. I

JOHN \V. l-IYATT, OF NE\VARK, NE\V JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO THE AMERICAN EXTRACTOR COMPANY, CF SAME PLACE.

APPARATUS FOR THE CONTINUOUS EXTRACTION OF FLUIDS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 416,108, dated-November26, 1889. Application filed September 7, 1889. Serial No. 323,317. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that 1, JOHN \V. I-IYATT, a citizen of the United States, residing at Newark, Essex county, New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for the Continuous Extraction of Fluids, fully described and represented in the following specification and the accompanying drawings, forming a part of the same.

This invention relates to a modification of the apparatus described in my application Serial No. 300,233, filed February 18, 1889, in which there is shown a means of compressing vegetable materials between a pervious plunger and an abutment or anvil of water or other liquid.

The present invention consists in an upright chamber, open'at the top, for containing the fluid of which the liquid anvil is composed, and, when necessary, of an elevator for assisting the upward movement and discharge of the refuse material from the top of said chamber, by which I am enabled to perform the extracting operation continuously, to be used in connection with the compressingchamberand pervious plunger of the application above referred to.

The apparatus for practicing my present invention may be constructed in a variety of forms, the one illustrated herein having the compressing-cylindcr arranged vertically in line with the water-column to facilitate the passage of the spent material or bagasse from the cylinder to the column or reservoir.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a front elevation of the apparatus; Fig. 2, a side elevation of the same, and Fig. 3 a vertical section of the same.

a is the compressing-cylinder, having an aperture bin one side and provided with a hopper c.

d is a-pervious plunger provided with suitable apertures or passagesas, for example, the strainer e and the holes ff or conducting the extracted liquid from its operative end to the outside of the cylinder. The watercolumn 9 is connected directly with the outlet 72 of the cylinder a, which outlet is provided with a gate h, hinged at the side of the outlet and adjustable by means of a screw 2' to vary the size of the outlet-passage and the resistance thereby opposed to the plunger at pleasure. A shaftj is mounted in bearings 7c upon the cylinder, and provided at opposite sides of the cylinder with cranks Z, which reciprocate the plunger by means of rods m and a cross-head n, attached to the plunger. In the construction shown the shaft j is located at one side of the plunger; but its cranks are rotated, as shown by the arrows o, to operate most effectively upon the rods m when pressing the plunger into the cylinder, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3.

The water column or reservoirgis provided at the top with a lateral discharge-spout p for the bagasse, and an agitator is operated within the column to keep the bagasse loosened to facilitate its upward movement in the column as it is discharged from the cylinder-outlet h. This agitator is shown in the drawings in the form of an endless chain q, conveying a series of stirrers r upwardthrough the contents of the reservoir, awater-channel s, of equal height, being provided at one side of the column and connected therewith near the outlet h to introduce the chain into the fluid at such point. The lower chain-wheel t is mounted upon a shaft u in the aperture '0, connecting the channel and the reservoir, and the upper chain-wheel t is mounted by shaft to in bearings upon the top of the reservoir and rotated by means of a pulley w, driven by a belt 1 applied upon the crankshaft}.

The crank-shaft is rotated by any suitable means, and the machine then operates as follows: The material to be treated for extracting its juice is previously comminuted and filled with the compressed material, the reservoir formed by the water-column g is filled with water, which may be supplied to the open top of the column or through an inletpipe .2, as shown in Fig. The water column or reservoir should be made of a height to produce the desired pressure upon the material'aud cause the water to exude through the material during the continuance of the extracting operation. The fluid thus forced through the material is discharged from the cylinder with the extracted juice, and as it dilutes the juice by its presence only such amount of the fluid is permitted to enter the cylinder as is required to wash the juice wholly from the material. I have found by experiment that a volume of water equal to ten per cent. of the extracted juice is sufficient to wholly displace the juice from sugarcane and prevent the loss of any saccharine matter whatever in the bagasse. I have also found that a resistance of twenty pounds pressure for each square inch upon the plunger is sufficient to wholly extract the juice from sugar-cane when compressed upon -'a water-anvil and the juice in the material displaced by the water from the reservoir, as claimed in my previous application, Serial No. 300,233. Such a pressure is secured by making the water-column a little over forty feet in height, which causes the water in the open-top reservoir to operate upon the compressed material precisely the same as the water in a closed reservoir with a safety-valve set at twenty pounds per square inch. The continuance of the compressing operation forces the spent material gradually upward in the water in the column g, within which such spent material would become jammed by friction with the sides unless it were agitated bysuitable means. The rotation of the Wheel t keeps that part of the chain within the reservoir moving upward, so that the stirrers r operate not only to loosen the material Within the column, but to move it gradually upward to the spout 1'), from which it will be discharged. Such wet bagasse could, if desired, have the water expressed therefrom by rollers to adapt it for burning, as is already common. The pressure of the fluid in the reservoir would force the same through the material in the cylinder if the movements of the plunger were arrested for any reason during the continuance of the extracting operation, and such flow of the fluid, which would tend to dilute the juice already extracted, maybe prevented by moving the gate h to compress the material in the outlet h more closely during such interruption of the extracting process.

As the essential feature of my present invention is the combination. of a water-column open at the top-that is, in communication with the atmosphere, instead of tightly closed,

It is not, therefore, material in using a wateranvil as an abutment in extracting the juice from various substances how the juice be discharged from the compression-chainher, or what shape the chamber may be made in cross-section. The compression-chamber may, therefore, be made square or circular incrosssection at pleasure, and the juice may be led from the chamber by apertures or passages of any kind formed in either the plunger or the cylinder. The swinging gate h (shown in Fig. 3) is especially adapted when adjusted in a sloping position opposite an inclined side upon the outlet h to form a tapering passage for the discharge of the material from the chamber, and a square section for the cham-' her is preferable where such a gate is employed. The means for reciprocating the plunger is also immaterial, and may be constructed and arranged as may be convenient.

It will be understood that it is the weight or vertical pressure of the water in the watercolumn that causes it to operate the same as the fluid-pressure in a closed reservoir, and in order to express such function of my present construction and distinguish it from other constructions I have termed it in the claims a water-eolumn reservoir. It will also be understood that the water-channel claimed herein is not a mere column of water, but a tube to permit one portion of the chain or elevator to move downward into the bottom of the wa ter column reservoir. At such point the chain comes in contact with the bagasse and assists to elevate it to the spout, while the portion of the chain which is descending is kept by the tube or water-channel s from obstructing the upward movement of the bagasse, as it would do if both portions of the chain were immersed in the reservoir.

Having thus set forth my invention, what I claim herein is- 1. In an extracting apparatus, the combination, with a compression-chamber having an outlet for crude material, of a plunger reciprocated in one end of such chamber and a watencolumn reservoir open at the top to atmospheric pressure in communication with the opposite end of the chamber and receiving the refuse material therefrom, as and for the purpose set forth.

2. In an extracting apparatus, the combination, with a 'compression-chamber having an inlet for crude material, of a plunger reciprocated in one end of such chamber, a water-column reservoir open at the top in communication with the opposite end of the chamber, and an elevator operated within the water-column to loosen the refuse material and assist the discharge thereof, as and for the purpose set forth.

3. In an extracting apparatus, the combination, with a compression-chamber having an inlet for crude material, of a plunger reciprocated in one end of such chamber, an adjustable gate arranged to contract the outlet at the opposite end of the chamber, and

a Water-column reservoir open at the top in communication With such outlet, as and for the purpose set forth.

4. In an extracting apparatus, the combination, with a vertical compression-chamber having an aperture at one side provided with a hopper, of a plunger reciprooated in the lower end of the chamber, a water-column reservoir extended upward from the opposite end of the chamber, chain-Wheels arranged to propel an endless chain or its equivalent upward through the Water-column to agitate and elevate its contents, and a tube or Waterchannel to receive the descending portion of the chain or its equivalent, as and for the purpose set forth. v

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

, JOHN W. I-IYATT. Witnesses:

THos. S. CRANE,

F. C. FISCHER.

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