US415832A - Manganese bronze and alloy of commerce - Google Patents
Manganese bronze and alloy of commerce Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US415832A US415832A US415832DA US415832A US 415832 A US415832 A US 415832A US 415832D A US415832D A US 415832DA US 415832 A US415832 A US 415832A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- aluminium
- manganese
- alloys
- alloy
- commerce
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 30
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title description 30
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 22
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 title description 22
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 22
- REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium(3+) Chemical class [Al+3] REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 10
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 4
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 title description 4
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 40
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 40
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 40
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 229910000914 Mn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 10
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin hydride Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C28/00—Alloys based on a metal not provided for in groups C22C5/00 - C22C27/00
Definitions
- manganese alloys of commerce are alloys of manganese, copper, tin, zinc, and iron, as follows: manganese and copper; manganese, copper, and iron; manganese, copper, and zinc; manganese, copper, zinc, and iron; manganese and tin; manganese, tin, and iron; manganese, tin, zinc, and iron.
- Our invention consists in the addition of from one-thirtieth to five per centum of aluminium to any and all of these alloys prior to casting thereof. It requires but a fraction of a per centum. of aluminium added or melted with the other constituents to free the metal from blow-holes and to reduce the metallic oxides that otherwise go into solution in the metal. From one to five per centum of aluminium added to these alloys in every case increases their tensile strength and in many cases their toughness. On an average, testbars containing from one to five per centum of aluminium will show fifty per centum greater strength than the duplicates with the aluminium omitted.
- the elastic limits are elevated and rendered more distinct and similar in their nature to the well-marked elastic limit in steel. The resilience is increased.
- aluminium is present, these metals when cast come from the sand with a clean bright surface, no sand-scale adhering to the casting to be removed. This is due to the aluminium preventing the oxidation of the base metals when the alloy is molten. These metallic oxides on the surface tend to flux the sand and cause it to adhere to the casting. The aluminium further renders these alloys more fluid and sharper castings are secured, and the metals with the aluminium present are more permanent and silver-like in theirluster and less subject to corrosion, will take a higher polish, and are much whiter than without the aluminium.
- aluminium aids these alloys when iron is present, as in the case of the bronzes made from ferro-manganesethecheapest source of manganese to absorb and incorporate the iron in the alloy, so that larger percentages of iron may be used to cheapen the alloy.
- the requisite amount of pure aluminium may be added; or, first, any alloy of manganese and aluminium, or of copper and aluminium, or of tin and aluminium, or of zinc and aluminium, or of iron and aluminium, or .a mixture of these metals prepared with the proper amountof aluminium, and any one of these prepared alloys added to the other ingredicuts in the proper proportions to give the desired alloy.
- ⁇ Vhat we claim is- 1.
- the process which consists in forming alloys of manganese and adding a small percentage of aluminium to such alloys, as herein described, prior to casting, as set forth.
Description
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE;-
ALFRED Ii. OOVVLES AND EUGENE I-l. OOVVLES, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO.
MANGANESE BRONZE AND ALLOY OF COMMERCE.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 415,832, dated November 26, 1889. Application filed October 3, 1888. Serial No. 287,094. (No specimens.)
To all whom it may concern.-
Be it known that we, ALFRED l1. COWLES and EUGENE H. OowLEs, citizens of the United States, residing at Cleveland, in the county of Ouyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Manganese Bronzes and Alloys of Commerce; and we do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertaius to make and use the same.
\Vhat we term the manganese alloys of commerce are alloys of manganese, copper, tin, zinc, and iron, as follows: manganese and copper; manganese, copper, and iron; manganese, copper, and zinc; manganese, copper, zinc, and iron; manganese and tin; manganese, tin, and iron; manganese, tin, zinc, and iron.
Great dilficulty is experienced in casting these manganese alloys, the met-a1 coming from the sand spongy and full of blow-holes, similar to those that occur in steel. The castings are thereby weakened and are rendered less valuable for use in the arts. They are also found to contain metallic oxides, which have been dissolved in the molten metals and remain, as a constituent of them, after their solidification in the molds, thereby rendering the castings of less tenacity and toughness and of lower electrical and heat conductivity. Thus great skill is required to mix and satisfactorily make these alloys.
Our invention consists in the addition of from one-thirtieth to five per centum of aluminium to any and all of these alloys prior to casting thereof. It requires but a fraction of a per centum. of aluminium added or melted with the other constituents to free the metal from blow-holes and to reduce the metallic oxides that otherwise go into solution in the metal. From one to five per centum of aluminium added to these alloys in every case increases their tensile strength and in many cases their toughness. On an average, testbars containing from one to five per centum of aluminium will show fifty per centum greater strength than the duplicates with the aluminium omitted. The elastic limits are elevated and rendered more distinct and similar in their nature to the well-marked elastic limit in steel. The resilience is increased. If aluminium is present, these metals when cast come from the sand with a clean bright surface, no sand-scale adhering to the casting to be removed. This is due to the aluminium preventing the oxidation of the base metals when the alloy is molten. These metallic oxides on the surface tend to flux the sand and cause it to adhere to the casting. The aluminium further renders these alloys more fluid and sharper castings are secured, and the metals with the aluminium present are more permanent and silver-like in theirluster and less subject to corrosion, will take a higher polish, and are much whiter than without the aluminium. Again, aluminium aids these alloys when iron is present, as in the case of the bronzes made from ferro-manganesethecheapest source of manganese to absorb and incorporate the iron in the alloy, so that larger percentages of iron may be used to cheapen the alloy.
In adding the aluminium to these alloys the requisite amount of pure aluminium may be added; or, first, any alloy of manganese and aluminium, or of copper and aluminium, or of tin and aluminium, or of zinc and aluminium, or of iron and aluminium, or .a mixture of these metals prepared with the proper amountof aluminium, and any one of these prepared alloys added to the other ingredicuts in the proper proportions to give the desired alloy.
\Vhat we claim is- 1. The process which consists in forming alloys of manganese and adding a small percentage of aluminium to such alloys, as herein described, prior to casting, as set forth.
2. The process which consists in forming alloys of manganese and adding from a trace to five per centuin of aluminium to such alloys to increase their strength, elasticity, and facility of casting and diminish their tendency to corrosion and to add to their silverlike luster and whiteness, substantially as set forth. 4
In testimony whereof we affix our signatures in presence of two Witnesses.
ALFRED H. COVLES. EUGENE H. COWVLES.
Witnesses to the signature of Alfred E. Cowles: V
HIRAM A. TUCKER,
THEODORE STEVENS.
Vitnesses to the signature of Eugene H. Cowles:
- E. T. LOUGHBOROUGH,
H. M. SHAW.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US415832A true US415832A (en) | 1889-11-26 |
Family
ID=2484760
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US415832D Expired - Lifetime US415832A (en) | Manganese bronze and alloy of commerce |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US415832A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3356493A (en) * | 1964-01-22 | 1967-12-05 | Electro Chimie Metal | Alloys for nitriding steel and method of nitriding steel |
-
0
- US US415832D patent/US415832A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3356493A (en) * | 1964-01-22 | 1967-12-05 | Electro Chimie Metal | Alloys for nitriding steel and method of nitriding steel |
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