US413536A - Method of refining copper and its alloys - Google Patents
Method of refining copper and its alloys Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US413536A US413536A US413536DA US413536A US 413536 A US413536 A US 413536A US 413536D A US413536D A US 413536DA US 413536 A US413536 A US 413536A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- copper
- alloys
- mixture
- refining copper
- spar
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 12
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 12
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title description 12
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 title description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- PBYZMCDFOULPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungstate Chemical compound [O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O PBYZMCDFOULPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241000876852 Scorias Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010436 fluorite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 with a peculiar flux Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910002065 alloy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0026—Pyrometallurgy
- C22B15/006—Pyrometallurgy working up of molten copper, e.g. refining
Definitions
- the object of this invention is to render more fusible, refine, and improve copper, or copper and other metals in admixture to form alloys, to remove the dross, scoria, or slag, to prevent porosity, to harden and toughen the metal, and greatly increase its tensile and resilient strength.
- the invention relates to. the treatment of copper alone, or of copper and its alloy metals, with a peculiar flux, detergent, and auxiliary, which is composed of certain parts of purest native silica, (810 fiuor-spar, (CaFl carbonate of potash, (K 00 and tungstate of sodium, (Na WO,+2H,O.) These elements are first carefully crushed to a fine powder, and then all carefully compounded together in about the proportions of four (4) parts silica, three (3) parts fluor-spar, two (2) parts carbonate potash, an d one (1) part tun gstate of sodium.
- purest native silica (810 fiuor-spar, (CaFl carbonate of potash, (K 00 and tungstate of sodium, (Na WO,+2H,O.)
- I use this method for making what I call silicated copper, brass, or bronze.
- On the bottom of crucible or on the bed of reverberatory furnace I place from one to ten per cent. of the said mixture, according to character and weight of metal charged.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
Description
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
GEORGE GATEWOOD MULLINS, OF LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA.
METHOD OF REFINING COPPER AND ITS ALLOYS.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 413,536, dated October 22, 1889.
Application filed October 3, 1889. Serial No. 326,841. (Specimensl) T0 atZZ whom i1; may concern:
Be it known that I, GEORGE GATEWOOD MULLINS, a citizen of the United States, residing at Los Angeles, in the county of Los Angeles and State of California, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Methods of Refining Copper and its Alloys; and I do declare the following to be a-full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will -enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.
The object of this invention is to render more fusible, refine, and improve copper, or copper and other metals in admixture to form alloys, to remove the dross, scoria, or slag, to prevent porosity, to harden and toughen the metal, and greatly increase its tensile and resilient strength.
The invention relates to. the treatment of copper alone, or of copper and its alloy metals, with a peculiar flux, detergent, and auxiliary, which is composed of certain parts of purest native silica, (810 fiuor-spar, (CaFl carbonate of potash, (K 00 and tungstate of sodium, (Na WO,+2H,O.) These elements are first carefully crushed to a fine powder, and then all carefully compounded together in about the proportions of four (4) parts silica, three (3) parts fluor-spar, two (2) parts carbonate potash, an d one (1) part tun gstate of sodium.
Those skilled in the art to which this invention relates will understand that the compound is chiefly a flux and detergent, and will determine by trial what quantity of the mixture to use for any given charge.
In applying my invention I use this method for making what I call silicated copper, brass, or bronze. On the bottom of crucible or on the bed of reverberatory furnace I place from one to ten per cent. of the said mixture, according to character and weight of metal charged. When all is molten, I stir the bath thoroughly, allow it to remain quiet for a few moments, skim off the scoria or dross, then proceed in the usual manner; or I place from one to ten per cent. of the mixture carried in paper bags into the already molten metal, stir thoroughly, and then proceed as usual. However, I would not confine myself to any fixed proportion of the parts in the mixture, or to the use of any limited quantity of the mixture, or to any one special way of applying it to the metal. These must vary with different conditions. What may be the influences of these several elements, separate or combined, what chemi cal reactions may take place in the high temperature of crucible or furnace, are problematic questions belonging to scientific theory, and have not yet been settled by adequate investigation; but as practical and important economical results I have noted that this treatment with said compound flux or detergent makes the Whole charge more fusible, causes the adulterant material in the bath to rise quickly to the top, While the cleansed metal subsides, dissolves and removes the oxides, and thus enables the several metals to combine chemically and form a true alloy, which they cannot do so long as anyoxidized substance is present. It removes porosity, toughens and adds greatly to the tensile and resilient strength of copper and of copper alloyed with other metals.
This special mixture and process for the treatment of copper and its alloying metals is the result of study and experiment through many years.
I am aware that artificial silicate-such as crushed glass-and fiuor-spar have been used for certain purposes by copper and brass workers; but I do not know that either the mixture of powdered pure native silica and fiuor-spar or the compound of silica, fluorspar, carbonate of potash, and tungstate of sodium has ever been used by any one else for said purpose in metallurgy.
Having described my invention,what I claim Theimprovement in the process of treating copper andits alloys which consists in adding to the metal a mixture of silica, floor-spar, carbonate of potash, and tungstate of sodium, in about the proportions set forth, commingling them by melting, skimming off the dross, and then proceeding in the usual manner, as set forth.
In testimony whereof I affix my signature in IOO presence of two witnesses.
GEORGE GATEWOOD MULLINS.
Witnesses:
DWIGHT F. CAMERON, RALPH SELLEW SPARE.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US413536A true US413536A (en) | 1889-10-22 |
Family
ID=2482467
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US413536D Expired - Lifetime US413536A (en) | Method of refining copper and its alloys |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US413536A (en) |
-
0
- US US413536D patent/US413536A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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