US4114519A - Pistons - Google Patents

Pistons Download PDF

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Publication number
US4114519A
US4114519A US05/729,098 US72909876A US4114519A US 4114519 A US4114519 A US 4114519A US 72909876 A US72909876 A US 72909876A US 4114519 A US4114519 A US 4114519A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
piston
crown
ring members
resilient
ring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US05/729,098
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
David Clement Speaight
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wellworthy Ltd
Original Assignee
Wellworthy Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wellworthy Ltd filed Critical Wellworthy Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US4114519A publication Critical patent/US4114519A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F02F3/16—Pistons  having cooling means
    • F02F3/20—Pistons  having cooling means the means being a fluid flowing through or along piston
    • F02F3/22—Pistons  having cooling means the means being a fluid flowing through or along piston the fluid being liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0696—W-piston bowl, i.e. the combustion space having a central projection pointing towards the cylinder head and the surrounding wall being inclined towards the cylinder wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F02F3/0015—Multi-part pistons
    • F02F3/0023—Multi-part pistons the parts being bolted or screwed together
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J1/00—Pistons; Trunk pistons; Plungers
    • F16J1/04—Resilient guiding parts, e.g. skirts, particularly for trunk pistons
    • F16J1/06—Resilient guiding parts, e.g. skirts, particularly for trunk pistons with separate expansion members; Expansion members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B2275/00—Other engines, components or details, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F02B2275/14—Direct injection into combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00—Metals
    • F05C2201/02—Light metals
    • F05C2201/021—Aluminium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00—Metals
    • F05C2201/04—Heavy metals
    • F05C2201/0433—Iron group; Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel
    • F05C2201/0448—Steel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2251/00—Material properties
    • F05C2251/04—Thermal properties
    • F05C2251/042—Expansivity
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to pistons and more particularly to pistons wherein the crown is a separate part attached to the piston body.
  • the crown which is exposed to the combination gases of an engine is made from a heat-resisting material, for example steel, and is usually bolted to the lower body portion which houses the gudgeon pin and provides the bearing area which slides in the cylinder of the engine.
  • a circulation of a cooling medium commonly the engine lubricating oil, is arranged in a space between the piston crown and body so that the latter operates at a substantially uniform temperature.
  • a considerable temperature difference exists between the upper and lower surfaces of the crown.
  • the crown may be attached to the piston body by means of a ring of bolts having their heads located in recesses in the top of the crown and passing downwardly through apertures into the piston body.
  • fretting may occur resulting from tilting of the mating face of the crown when bolted to the piston body due to the thermal arching of the crown, as mentioned above.
  • the present invention consists in a piston having a separate crown attached to the piston body by means of bolts passing through the piston crown into the piston body, wherein two concentric ring members are provided between the crown and the body and define between them an annular gap through which pass the bolts from the underside of the crown into the piston body, and wherein one of said ring members is relatively rigid and the other of said ring members is resilient.
  • the resilience may be imparted to the one ring member by curving the ring in the axial direction so that the ring section will buckle slightly when under load.
  • greater resilience can be obtained by slitting the ring horizontally with overlapping slots, or by some other configuration. In either case, the resilient ring is machined to a slightly greater axial length that the non-resilient ring.
  • the resilient ring may be either the outer ring or the inner ring of the concentric pair.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-section through part of one embodiment of piston according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a similar view of a further embodiment.
  • a piston comprises a crown 1 of a heat-resistant material, such as steel or a heat-resistant alloy, which is attached to a piston body 2, which may be formed of a lighter material, for example an aluminium alloy.
  • the attachment is made by means of bolts 3 which pass downwardly through apertures 4 in the piston crown and are threaded into the top of the piston body.
  • the heads of the bolts 3 are located in recesses 4a in the top of the crown 1 and the underside of the bolt heads are curved and rest on spherical seatings 4b.
  • Two concentric annular ring members 5 and 6 are provided between the piston crown and the piston body and define between them an annular space 7 through which pass the shanks 3a of the securing bolts 3.
  • the ring members 5 and 6 may be made of steel and the outer ring member 5 is plain and relatively rigid.
  • the inner ring member 6 is of slightly greater axial length and is curved in its axial direction in order to provide it with a degree of resilience.
  • the ring members are clamped between the underside of the piston crown and the top of the piston body when the securing bolts 3 are tightened and, to this end, seatings 5a, 6a are provided on the underside of the crown, and a pressure bearing plate 8 is provided on the top of the body, to receive and locate the rings 5 and 6 on the piston body.
  • the plain ring is shown as the outer concentric ring, although it could be the inner concentric ring and the resilient ring the outer ring.
  • the rings may be made from a material with a coefficient of thermal expansion which is lower than that of the steel securing bolts 3 so that some degree of temperature compensation is provided.
  • the underside of the crown 1 is provided with an annular cavity 10 through which cooling oil can circulate.
  • This cooling oil may also pass through the spacer rings 5 and 6 into the annular space 7 by providing drainage channels across the top face of the rings.
  • FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment of piston wherein corresponding parts bear the same reference numerals.
  • the inner ring 6 is made resilient by providing it with horizontally extending overlapping slots 11.
  • the ring members 5 and 6 are made integrally with the bearing plate 8a, e.g. by machining from a single piece of material.
  • the outer ring member 5 is also provided with drainage channels 5a across its top face to allow cooling oil to pass into the annular space 7. This oil can also pass through the slots 11 on the ring 6.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
US05/729,098 1975-10-08 1976-10-04 Pistons Expired - Lifetime US4114519A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB41338/75A GB1509461A (en) 1975-10-08 1975-10-08 Pistons
GB41338/75 1975-10-08

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US4114519A true US4114519A (en) 1978-09-19

Family

ID=10419230

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US05/729,098 Expired - Lifetime US4114519A (en) 1975-10-08 1976-10-04 Pistons

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4114519A (fr)
JP (1) JPS5246217A (fr)
DE (1) DE2644661A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2327409A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1509461A (fr)
IT (1) IT1069709B (fr)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4180027A (en) * 1977-07-20 1979-12-25 Mack Trucks, Inc. Two-piece oil-cooled piston
WO1983002300A1 (fr) * 1981-12-28 1983-07-07 Alco Power Inc Piston composite precontraint
US4459900A (en) * 1981-07-06 1984-07-17 Deere & Company Heat insulated piston assembly and method of assembling
US4515114A (en) * 1983-08-15 1985-05-07 Nguyen Dang Two part piston assembly
US4617887A (en) * 1984-03-31 1986-10-21 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Piston for internal combustion engine
US5144923A (en) * 1990-10-18 1992-09-08 Metal Leve S/A Industria E Comercio Method for the manufacture of a two piece piston and piston
WO1998014697A1 (fr) * 1996-09-30 1998-04-09 Man B & W Diesel A/S Piston pour moteur a combustion interne, notamment gros moteur diesel marin
US6164261A (en) * 1999-02-10 2000-12-26 Caterpillar Inc. Internal combustion engine piston assembly and method
US20080060514A1 (en) * 2004-06-22 2008-03-13 Rainer Scharp Composite Piston for an Internal Combustion Engine
CN105485338A (zh) * 2015-09-30 2016-04-13 洛阳奥利科机械有限公司 双唇自动补偿性软活塞

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2832970A1 (de) * 1978-07-27 1980-02-07 Schmidt Gmbh Karl Gebauter, fluessigkeitsgekuehlter kolben fuer brennkraftmaschinen
FR2436885A1 (fr) * 1978-09-22 1980-04-18 Renault Piston pour moteur a combustion interne
US4433616A (en) * 1981-07-06 1984-02-28 Deere & Company Piston assembly for an internal combustion engine
JP2676910B2 (ja) * 1989-05-17 1997-11-17 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 高純度０‐トルイル酸の製造法
DE102013009161A1 (de) * 2013-05-31 2014-12-18 Mahle International Gmbh Kolben für einen Verbrennungsmotor
WO2016181017A1 (fr) 2015-05-12 2016-11-17 Wärtsilä Finland Oy Moteur à combustion interne à quatre temps et piston pour celui-ci

Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE216050C (fr) *
US1226631A (en) * 1915-02-02 1917-05-22 Busch Sulzer Bros Diesel Engine Co Combustion-engine piston.
US1306839A (en) * 1919-06-17 Andre mositcker
US1377106A (en) * 1920-07-07 1921-05-03 John A Welch Engine-piston
US1439109A (en) * 1921-05-09 1922-12-19 Preston H Kuhn Piston
US1825163A (en) * 1926-08-02 1931-09-29 Schweter Erich Device for altering the clearance space in piston machines
US1921996A (en) * 1932-07-30 1933-08-08 John E Smith S Sons Company Piston construction
US1947701A (en) * 1928-04-09 1934-02-20 Westinghouse Air Brake Co Piston and packing ring
FR774367A (fr) * 1933-06-09 1934-12-05 Fusion Moteurs Perfectionnements apportés aux pistons, notamment à ceux pour moteurs à combustion interne
US2417887A (en) * 1945-04-26 1947-03-25 Cons Vultee Aircraft Corp Piston and cylinder construction
US2720193A (en) * 1950-03-24 1955-10-11 Maybach Karl Oil cooled piston for high speed internal combustion engines
US3382772A (en) * 1966-06-07 1968-05-14 Int Harvester Co Hydraulic cylinder construction
US3465651A (en) * 1968-02-13 1969-09-09 Alco Products Inc Composite pistons
US3877351A (en) * 1972-06-23 1975-04-15 Mahle Gmbh Internal combustion engine piston

Patent Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1306839A (en) * 1919-06-17 Andre mositcker
DE216050C (fr) *
US1226631A (en) * 1915-02-02 1917-05-22 Busch Sulzer Bros Diesel Engine Co Combustion-engine piston.
US1377106A (en) * 1920-07-07 1921-05-03 John A Welch Engine-piston
US1439109A (en) * 1921-05-09 1922-12-19 Preston H Kuhn Piston
US1825163A (en) * 1926-08-02 1931-09-29 Schweter Erich Device for altering the clearance space in piston machines
US1947701A (en) * 1928-04-09 1934-02-20 Westinghouse Air Brake Co Piston and packing ring
US1921996A (en) * 1932-07-30 1933-08-08 John E Smith S Sons Company Piston construction
FR774367A (fr) * 1933-06-09 1934-12-05 Fusion Moteurs Perfectionnements apportés aux pistons, notamment à ceux pour moteurs à combustion interne
US2417887A (en) * 1945-04-26 1947-03-25 Cons Vultee Aircraft Corp Piston and cylinder construction
US2720193A (en) * 1950-03-24 1955-10-11 Maybach Karl Oil cooled piston for high speed internal combustion engines
US3382772A (en) * 1966-06-07 1968-05-14 Int Harvester Co Hydraulic cylinder construction
US3465651A (en) * 1968-02-13 1969-09-09 Alco Products Inc Composite pistons
US3877351A (en) * 1972-06-23 1975-04-15 Mahle Gmbh Internal combustion engine piston

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4180027A (en) * 1977-07-20 1979-12-25 Mack Trucks, Inc. Two-piece oil-cooled piston
US4459900A (en) * 1981-07-06 1984-07-17 Deere & Company Heat insulated piston assembly and method of assembling
WO1983002300A1 (fr) * 1981-12-28 1983-07-07 Alco Power Inc Piston composite precontraint
US4515114A (en) * 1983-08-15 1985-05-07 Nguyen Dang Two part piston assembly
US4617887A (en) * 1984-03-31 1986-10-21 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Piston for internal combustion engine
US5144923A (en) * 1990-10-18 1992-09-08 Metal Leve S/A Industria E Comercio Method for the manufacture of a two piece piston and piston
WO1998014697A1 (fr) * 1996-09-30 1998-04-09 Man B & W Diesel A/S Piston pour moteur a combustion interne, notamment gros moteur diesel marin
CN1079900C (zh) * 1996-09-30 2002-02-27 曼B与W狄赛尔公司 内燃机特别是大型船用柴油机的活塞
US6164261A (en) * 1999-02-10 2000-12-26 Caterpillar Inc. Internal combustion engine piston assembly and method
US20080060514A1 (en) * 2004-06-22 2008-03-13 Rainer Scharp Composite Piston for an Internal Combustion Engine
US7584694B2 (en) * 2004-06-22 2009-09-08 Mahle Gmbh Composite piston for an internal combustion engine
CN105485338A (zh) * 2015-09-30 2016-04-13 洛阳奥利科机械有限公司 双唇自动补偿性软活塞

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2644661A1 (de) 1977-04-21
JPS5246217A (en) 1977-04-12
IT1069709B (it) 1985-03-25
FR2327409A1 (fr) 1977-05-06
GB1509461A (en) 1978-05-04
FR2327409B3 (fr) 1980-11-07
JPS559545B2 (fr) 1980-03-11

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