US4108121A - Closed loop mixture control system using a two-barrel carburetor - Google Patents
Closed loop mixture control system using a two-barrel carburetor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4108121A US4108121A US05/665,257 US66525776A US4108121A US 4108121 A US4108121 A US 4108121A US 66525776 A US66525776 A US 66525776A US 4108121 A US4108121 A US 4108121A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- primary
- barrel
- mixture
- engine
- throttle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims 7
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims 7
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims 7
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D35/00—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1477—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the regulation circuit or part of it,(e.g. comparator, PI regulator, output)
- F02D41/1484—Output circuit
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M11/00—Multi-stage carburettors, Register-type carburettors, i.e. with slidable or rotatable throttling valves in which a plurality of fuel nozzles, other than only an idling nozzle and a main one, are sequentially exposed to air stream by throttling valve
- F02M11/02—Multi-stage carburettors, Register-type carburettors, i.e. with slidable or rotatable throttling valves in which a plurality of fuel nozzles, other than only an idling nozzle and a main one, are sequentially exposed to air stream by throttling valve with throttling valve, e.g. of flap or butterfly type, in a later stage opening automatically
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M7/00—Carburettors with means for influencing, e.g. enriching or keeping constant, fuel/air ratio of charge under varying conditions
- F02M7/23—Fuel aerating devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M7/00—Carburettors with means for influencing, e.g. enriching or keeping constant, fuel/air ratio of charge under varying conditions
- F02M7/23—Fuel aerating devices
- F02M7/24—Controlling flow of aerating air
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S261/00—Gas and liquid contact apparatus
- Y10S261/74—Valve actuation; electrical
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to two-barrel carburetors, and specifically it relates to a closed loop air-fuel mixture control system employing such carburetors.
- closed loop air-fuel mixture control is known as an effective means for controlling air-fuel mixture at the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio.
- a zirconium dioxide sensor is usually employed as a means for detecting the oxygen concentration of the exhaust emissions as a measure of air-fuel ratio at the entry to a three-way catalytic convertor which works at the maximum efficiency when the air-fuel ratio is at the stoichiometric value.
- the zirconium dioxide sensor delivers a signal which changes sharply in amplitude at stoichiometry, the signal being modified into a form appropriate for controlling the air-fuel metering device to adjust the mixture ratio at the stoichiometric value.
- an object of the invention is to economically operate a two-barrel carburetor on the closed loop principle by making advantage of the fact that the secondary throttle is brought into action only after the primary venturi depression reaches a predetermined value and that the emission problem is more serious prior to the time the secondary throttle is brought into operation than after it is operated.
- closed loop control is provided only for the primary metering system associated with the primary barrel, and the secondary metering system associated with the secondary barrel is operated in conventional manner to save the cost of providing a separate control unit to the secondary metering system.
- Another object of the invention is to enhance the ability of the closed loop control circuit to precisely follow up the variations of actual air-fuel mixture by having a smaller cross section for the primary barrel than that of the secondary barrel so that the primary venturi depression tends to lower than the depression at the secondary venturi to thereby effectively withdraw fuel into the primary barrel operated on the closed loop control principle.
- on-off electromagnetic control valves are preferred to analog displacement type valves for use in the fuel metering system because of their lower cost than the latter.
- the operating frequency of the on-off valves must be chosen to differ from the revolution per unit time of the engine since the closeness of the two rates of repetitive operation would result in instability of the system.
- a further object of the present invention is to provide a closed loop control unit for a carburetor having a main nozzle in the venturi portion and an auxiliary or idling port in the closed position of the throttle, in which the auxiliary port is supplied with mixture at a first control rate higher than the revolution per unit time of the engine at lower speeds and the main nozzle is supplied with mixture at a second rate outside of the revolution per unit time of the engine at medium to higher speeds.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention the primary metering system of a two-barrel carburetor is shown provided with a feedback control function
- FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a switching circuit employed in the embodiment of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of the control circuit of the FIG. 1 embodiment
- FIGS. 4 and 5 shows a circuit diagram for effecting smooth transition of switching between higher and lower operating frequencies
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the operation of the circuits of FIGS. 4 and 5.
- FIG. 1 designates an air cleaner, 2, a two barrel carburetor, 3, an air intake passage connected to the engine 4.
- the carburetor 2 comprises a primary throttle barrel 6 and a secondary throttle barrel 7.
- a primary float chamber is shown at 11 with its fuel outlet 12 connected to air bleeds 13a and 13b.
- the air bleed 13a is connected to the main nozzle 9a of primary barrel 6 at the venturi 8a, and the air bleed 13b to the auxiliary or slow-speed port 12b.
- the air bleeds 13a and 13b are further connected to air supply on-off electromagnetic valves 18a and 18b through auxiliary air bleeds 14a and 14b, respectively.
- a secondary float chamber is shown at 21 with its fuel outlet 22 connected to air bleeds 23a and 23b, the air bleed 23a being connected to the main nozzle 9b of the secondary barrel 7 at the venturi 8b and the air bleed 23b being connected to the auxiliary or slow-speed port 22a.
- a composition sensor 15 such as zirconium dioxide sensor is connected to the exhaust pipe 5 to detect the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gases from the engine 4 and provide an output signal which changes sharply in amplitude at the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio.
- the oxygen sensor 15 feeds its output to a control circuit 17 which converts it into appropriate pulses to control the opening time of the valves 18a and 18b.
- the primary barrel 6 supplies mixture for idling, light load and cruising at part throttle, and also for full throttle operation at low speeds.
- the secondary throttle 10b is brought into action automatically.
- the control circuit 17 would adjust the opening time of the valves 18a and 18b to enrich the mixture so that the mixture is controlled at the stoichiometric value.
- a catalytic convertor 16 is provided to convert the emissions to harmless water and carbon dioxide. With the mixture being controlled at stoichiometry, the catalytic convertor operates at its maximum efficiency.
- the primary metering system functions as a separate carburetor on the feedback control principle so long as the secondary throttle 10b remains in the closed position, while the secondary metering system operates in the conventional manner from that point onward simultaneously with the primary system.
- the diametrical cross-sectional dimension of the primary barrel 6 is smaller than that of the secondary barrel 7, preferably at a ratio of up to 1 : 4. This provides an advantage in that while the primary metering system is functioning in the low to medium speed range a greater depression is provided at the primary venturi 8a. This promotes the evaporation of mixture through the main nozzle 9a which in turn reduces the inherent time delay from the time of application of control signal to the time of induction of mixture to the engine cylinders which results in improvement to stability.
- a relay contact r 1 is provided at the output of control circuit 17 to switchover the circuit between control valves 18a and 18b.
- the relay contact r 1 connects the output of control circuit 17 to the control valve 18b when the vehicle runs at a speed less than about 60 km/h (lower speed range) and changes over the connection to the valve 18a when that speed increases to the higher speed range.
- feedback control is provided through the primary idling port 12a and at higher speeds the control is switched to the primary main nozzle 9a.
- an engine speed sensor or a throttle position detector 25 (FIG. 2) is provided to generate a proportional electrical signal which is compared with a reference voltage by means of a comparator 26. An excessive signal above the reference level will operate a relay R which in turn operates its contact r 1 to changeover the control path to the main nozzle of the primary barrel 6.
- FIG. 3 illustrates an example of the control circuit 17 which includes a comparator 30, a proportional-integral controller 32 and a pulse width modulator 34.
- the comparator 32 has its one input connected to the output of oxygen sensor 15 and its other input connected to a source of reference voltage. The comparator will produce an output when the reference voltage is reached and feeds it to the proportional-integral controller 32 to generate an appropriate control voltage.
- a pulse generator 35 is connected to the pulse width modulator 34 by way of a normally closed path of a relay contact r 2 to convert the control voltage into pulsating control pulses whose pulse width is proportional to the input voltage.
- This relay contact r 2 may be operated by the relay R or by a separate relay in relation to the engine speed to effect switching between the two pulse generators 35 and 36.
- the generator 35 operates when the vehicle runs at lower speeds to generate control pulses at a frequency determined from consideration of the engine revolution.
- control valves 18a and 18b are operated at a frequency close to the engine frequency or rpm, oscillation may occur in the closed loop as a result of resonance between the two frequencies. Such oscillation leads to instability of the feedback control operation.
- the frequency of the generator 35 is chosen to lie above the lower engine rpm, while the frequency of the second generator 36 is chosen at a value outside of the range of medium to higher engine rpm.
- the pulse generator 36 will be connected to the modulator 34 when the relay R is operated to generate control pulses at the selected frequency outside the range of medium to higher engine rpm.
- the output of the pulse width modulator 34 is connected to a driver circuit 38 to amplify the pulse amplitude enough to operate the control valves. It is appreciated that when feedback control is provided through valve 18b the pulse generator 35 is brought into action and when the control is switched to the valve 18a, the pulse generator 36 is brought into action to take the place of generator 35.
- comparators 41 and 43 are connected to the output of the engine speed sensor or throttle position detector 40 to produce outputs at different speed ranges to operate relays A and B whose contacts are connected in the circuit of FIG. 5.
- comparator 41 when the sensed voltage reaches V 1 , which is smaller than V 2 , comparator 41 produces an output which energizes relay A, and when V 2 is reached comparator 42 energizes relay B in addition to the operation of A.
- the output of control circuit 17 is connected to the control valve 18b through the normally closed path of contact a 1 of relay A.
- the voltage V 1 will be reached resulting in the operation of relay A. This couples the control circuit output to both valves 18b and 18a through contact b of relay B and the now closed path of contact a 1 , and through contact a 2 of relay A respectively.
- relay B When voltage V 2 is reached at higher speeds, relay B will be operated to open its contact b thus disconnecting the circuit for the valve 18b, while leaving the valve 18a to be operated.
- the voltage V 2 is selected at a suitable level to adjust the length of period during which both valves are operated.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Control Of The Air-Fuel Ratio Of Carburetors (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP1975039116U JPS5534293Y2 (zh) | 1975-03-24 | 1975-03-24 | |
JP50-39116 | 1975-03-24 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US4108121A true US4108121A (en) | 1978-08-22 |
Family
ID=12544101
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US05/665,257 Expired - Lifetime US4108121A (en) | 1975-03-24 | 1976-03-09 | Closed loop mixture control system using a two-barrel carburetor |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4108121A (zh) |
JP (1) | JPS5534293Y2 (zh) |
GB (1) | GB1503845A (zh) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4320730A (en) * | 1978-10-02 | 1982-03-23 | Aisan Industry Co., Ltd. | Air-fuel mixture ratio control device |
US4375796A (en) * | 1980-03-07 | 1983-03-08 | Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Air-fuel ratio control system |
US4402293A (en) * | 1980-03-07 | 1983-09-06 | Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Air-fuel ratio control system |
US4416236A (en) * | 1980-12-26 | 1983-11-22 | Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Air-fuel ratio control system |
US4480661A (en) * | 1981-07-02 | 1984-11-06 | Nippondenso Co., Ltd. | Air flow control valve means |
CN103306860A (zh) * | 2012-03-12 | 2013-09-18 | 福特环球技术公司 | 用于蒸汽吹扫的文氏管 |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS56126655A (en) * | 1980-03-07 | 1981-10-03 | Fuji Heavy Ind Ltd | Air-fuel ratio controlling apparatus |
JPS57137641A (en) * | 1980-12-26 | 1982-08-25 | Fuji Heavy Ind Ltd | Air fuel ratio controller |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3186691A (en) * | 1961-05-25 | 1965-06-01 | Holley Carburetor Co | Control means for the secondary induction passage of a two-stage carburetor |
US3250264A (en) * | 1965-03-29 | 1966-05-10 | Ethyl Corp | Engine improvements |
US3317195A (en) * | 1964-09-29 | 1967-05-02 | Acf Ind Inc | Carburetor |
US3364911A (en) * | 1965-03-27 | 1968-01-23 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Internal combustion engine using lean mixtures |
US3730496A (en) * | 1968-07-01 | 1973-05-01 | H Morgenroth | Carburetor for automotive engines with a metering suction partly derived from a laminar air flow matrix |
US3861366A (en) * | 1972-04-14 | 1975-01-21 | Nissan Motor | Air-fuel mixture supply control system for use with carburetors for internal combustion engines |
US3899551A (en) * | 1973-02-09 | 1975-08-12 | Acf Ind Inc | Apparatus for controlling and modulating engine functions |
US3906910A (en) * | 1973-04-23 | 1975-09-23 | Colt Ind Operating Corp | Carburetor with feedback means and system |
US3921612A (en) * | 1973-09-19 | 1975-11-25 | Nissan Motor | Apparatus for and method of controlling air-fuel mixture in a carburetor of an automotive internal combustion engine |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS454084Y1 (zh) * | 1966-02-07 | 1970-02-25 | ||
JPS5029651Y2 (zh) * | 1971-03-18 | 1975-09-01 | ||
JPS4919229A (zh) * | 1972-06-17 | 1974-02-20 | ||
JPS5246326B2 (zh) * | 1972-08-18 | 1977-11-24 | ||
DE2246625C3 (de) * | 1972-09-22 | 1982-02-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Kraftstoffzumeßanlage |
JPS5536820B2 (zh) * | 1972-10-25 | 1980-09-24 | ||
JPS4967024A (zh) * | 1972-11-01 | 1974-06-28 | ||
JPS5316853B2 (zh) * | 1973-03-19 | 1978-06-03 | ||
JPS503453A (zh) * | 1973-05-16 | 1975-01-14 | ||
JPS5246578B2 (zh) * | 1973-05-17 | 1977-11-25 | ||
JPS5012437A (zh) * | 1973-06-04 | 1975-02-08 |
-
1975
- 1975-03-24 JP JP1975039116U patent/JPS5534293Y2/ja not_active Expired
-
1976
- 1976-03-09 US US05/665,257 patent/US4108121A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1976-03-09 GB GB9302/76A patent/GB1503845A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3186691A (en) * | 1961-05-25 | 1965-06-01 | Holley Carburetor Co | Control means for the secondary induction passage of a two-stage carburetor |
US3317195A (en) * | 1964-09-29 | 1967-05-02 | Acf Ind Inc | Carburetor |
US3364911A (en) * | 1965-03-27 | 1968-01-23 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Internal combustion engine using lean mixtures |
US3250264A (en) * | 1965-03-29 | 1966-05-10 | Ethyl Corp | Engine improvements |
US3730496A (en) * | 1968-07-01 | 1973-05-01 | H Morgenroth | Carburetor for automotive engines with a metering suction partly derived from a laminar air flow matrix |
US3861366A (en) * | 1972-04-14 | 1975-01-21 | Nissan Motor | Air-fuel mixture supply control system for use with carburetors for internal combustion engines |
US3899551A (en) * | 1973-02-09 | 1975-08-12 | Acf Ind Inc | Apparatus for controlling and modulating engine functions |
US3906910A (en) * | 1973-04-23 | 1975-09-23 | Colt Ind Operating Corp | Carburetor with feedback means and system |
US3921612A (en) * | 1973-09-19 | 1975-11-25 | Nissan Motor | Apparatus for and method of controlling air-fuel mixture in a carburetor of an automotive internal combustion engine |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4320730A (en) * | 1978-10-02 | 1982-03-23 | Aisan Industry Co., Ltd. | Air-fuel mixture ratio control device |
US4375796A (en) * | 1980-03-07 | 1983-03-08 | Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Air-fuel ratio control system |
US4402293A (en) * | 1980-03-07 | 1983-09-06 | Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Air-fuel ratio control system |
US4416236A (en) * | 1980-12-26 | 1983-11-22 | Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Air-fuel ratio control system |
US4480661A (en) * | 1981-07-02 | 1984-11-06 | Nippondenso Co., Ltd. | Air flow control valve means |
CN103306860A (zh) * | 2012-03-12 | 2013-09-18 | 福特环球技术公司 | 用于蒸汽吹扫的文氏管 |
CN103306860B (zh) * | 2012-03-12 | 2018-04-27 | 福特环球技术公司 | 用于蒸汽吹扫的文氏管 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS5534293Y2 (zh) | 1980-08-14 |
JPS51119423U (zh) | 1976-09-28 |
GB1503845A (en) | 1978-03-15 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: NISSAN MOTOR COMPANY LIMITED NO 2,TAKARA-CHO KANAG Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:MINAMI HIDEIRO;WAKU MAKIO;REEL/FRAME:003954/0232 Effective date: 19790820 Owner name: NISSAN MOTOR COMPANY LIMITED, JAPAN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:MINAMI HIDEIRO;WAKU MAKIO;REEL/FRAME:003954/0232 Effective date: 19790820 |