US4096112A - 2-Phenyl-indole derivative stabilizers for PVC resins - Google Patents
2-Phenyl-indole derivative stabilizers for PVC resins Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4096112A US4096112A US05/755,335 US75533576A US4096112A US 4096112 A US4096112 A US 4096112A US 75533576 A US75533576 A US 75533576A US 4096112 A US4096112 A US 4096112A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- phenyl
- indole
- methoxy
- stabilizer
- hydroxy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- KLLLJCACIRKBDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenyl-1H-indole Chemical class N1C2=CC=CC=C2C=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 KLLLJCACIRKBDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 60
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 title description 21
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 title description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- GRVDJDISBSALJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyloxidanyl Chemical compound [O]C GRVDJDISBSALJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 101150108015 STR6 gene Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- -1 benzyloxy radical Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 5
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 4
- YUDRVAHLXDBKSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [CH]1CCCCC1 Chemical compound [CH]1CCCCC1 YUDRVAHLXDBKSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 2
- 101100386054 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) CYS3 gene Proteins 0.000 abstract 1
- 101150035983 str1 gene Proteins 0.000 abstract 1
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 42
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 37
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 36
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 21
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 18
- FGEQCIOKNOXGOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(1h-indol-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(OC)=CC(C=2NC3=CC=CC=C3C=2)=C1 FGEQCIOKNOXGOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 13
- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 11
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 10
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229940126062 Compound A Drugs 0.000 description 8
- NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heterophylliin A Natural products O1C2COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC2C(OC(=O)C=2C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=2)C(O)C1OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 7
- PMXYCPOAEXWDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1h-indole Chemical compound C1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=C1C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2N1 PMXYCPOAEXWDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole Natural products CC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2 PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolenine Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=NC2=C1 RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HKOOXMFOFWEVGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylhydrazine Chemical compound NNC1=CC=CC=C1 HKOOXMFOFWEVGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229940067157 phenylhydrazine Drugs 0.000 description 6
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus decaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- JOIIOUBBMCVHKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(1h-indol-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(OC)=CC=C1C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2N1 JOIIOUBBMCVHKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000000703 anti-shock Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- WYOJEGRLTOXJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(1h-indol-2-yl)-5-methoxyphenol Chemical compound OC1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2N1 WYOJEGRLTOXJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ITBUSSICGJFRPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)-1h-indole Chemical compound CC1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2N1 ITBUSSICGJFRPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DSACEMHJXLNMIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(1h-indol-2-yl)benzene-1,3-diol Chemical compound OC1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2N1 DSACEMHJXLNMIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 4
- LVTJOONKWUXEFR-FZRMHRINSA-N protoneodioscin Natural products O(C[C@@H](CC[C@]1(O)[C@H](C)[C@@H]2[C@]3(C)[C@H]([C@H]4[C@@H]([C@]5(C)C(=CC4)C[C@@H](O[C@@H]4[C@H](O[C@H]6[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O6)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]6[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O6)[C@H](CO)O4)CC5)CC3)C[C@@H]2O1)C)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 LVTJOONKWUXEFR-FZRMHRINSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002076 thermal analysis method Methods 0.000 description 4
- CWJVVYLURLZFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-di(octacosanoyloxy)propyl octacosanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CWJVVYLURLZFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUKYIYYGYCUBRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(1h-indol-2-yl)-4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C(C=2NC3=CC=CC=C3C=2)=C1 MUKYIYYGYCUBRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PDDBGOBHYGGBJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(1h-indol-2-yl)-5-methylphenol Chemical compound OC1=CC(C)=CC=C1C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2N1 PDDBGOBHYGGBJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AUOQSQUECHJEFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-4-methylphenyl)-1h-indole Chemical compound COC1=CC(C)=CC=C1C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2N1 AUOQSQUECHJEFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IIKGIENOMFAECG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1h-indole Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2N1 IIKGIENOMFAECG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MYVZTWCQCUBYRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-dodecyl-4-methoxyphenyl)-1h-indole Chemical compound C1=C(OC)C(CCCCCCCCCCCC)=CC(C=2NC3=CC=CC=C3C=2)=C1 MYVZTWCQCUBYRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OELKWXGULANGSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-methoxy-4-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1h-indole Chemical compound COC1=CC(C=2NC3=CC=CC=C3C=2)=CC=C1OCC1=CC=CC=C1 OELKWXGULANGSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QAIKWJUEPVDSCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-dodecoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1h-indole Chemical compound C1=C(OC)C(OCCCCCCCCCCCC)=CC=C1C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2N1 QAIKWJUEPVDSCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XVPZTXNTXBWMFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1h-indole Chemical compound C1=C(OC)C(OCC)=CC=C1C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2N1 XVPZTXNTXBWMFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SSWWKASFXJRCDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(1h-indol-2-yl)-3-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2N1 SSWWKASFXJRCDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- JNGZXGGOCLZBFB-IVCQMTBJSA-N compound E Chemical compound N([C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H]1C(N(C)C2=CC=CC=C2C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=N1)=O)C(=O)CC1=CC(F)=CC(F)=C1 JNGZXGGOCLZBFB-IVCQMTBJSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000137 polyphosphoric acid Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- SULYEHHGGXARJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2',4'-dihydroxyacetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1O SULYEHHGGXARJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DQEKVVGJCXMOMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1h-indole Chemical compound COC1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2N1 DQEKVVGJCXMOMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PDEDQBOXXZVAFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1h-indole Chemical compound COC1=CC(OC)=CC(C=2NC3=CC=CC=C3C=2)=C1 PDEDQBOXXZVAFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MNISDAOMTPYPDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-butoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1h-indole Chemical compound C1=C(OC)C(OCCCC)=CC=C1C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2N1 MNISDAOMTPYPDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YFIXLLJBDHRSKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-methoxy-3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1h-indole Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C=2NC3=CC=CC=C3C=2)C=C1OCC1=CC=CC=C1 YFIXLLJBDHRSKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TVVDJPOJWMBICQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-methoxy-3-propan-2-ylphenyl)-1h-indole Chemical compound C1=C(C(C)C)C(OC)=CC=C1C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2N1 TVVDJPOJWMBICQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQNASURRZNLODC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-dodecyl-4-(1h-indol-2-yl)phenol Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(CCCCCCCCCCCC)=CC(C=2NC3=CC=CC=C3C=2)=C1 UQNASURRZNLODC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IRGOXPJZBZGCQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(1h-indol-2-yl)-2,6-dimethylphenol Chemical compound CC1=C(O)C(C)=CC(C=2NC3=CC=CC=C3C=2)=C1 IRGOXPJZBZGCQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QISKPENNGLCESI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(1h-indol-2-yl)-2-methylphenol Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(C)=CC(C=2NC3=CC=CC=C3C=2)=C1 QISKPENNGLCESI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000008062 acetophenones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- IQZLUWLMQNGTIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetoveratrone Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C(C)=O)C=C1OC IQZLUWLMQNGTIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007059 acute toxicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000403 acute toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- DFYRUELUNQRZTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N apocynin Chemical compound COC1=CC(C(C)=O)=CC=C1O DFYRUELUNQRZTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol;hydrate Chemical compound O.CCO IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NJSUFZNXBBXAAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol;toluene Chemical compound CCO.CC1=CC=CC=C1 NJSUFZNXBBXAAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodomethane Chemical compound IC INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YLTGFGDODHXMFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoacetovanillone Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C(C)=O)C=C1O YLTGFGDODHXMFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- AOJFQRQNPXYVLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridin-1-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 AOJFQRQNPXYVLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001149 thermolysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- XPNGNIFUDRPBFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methylphenyl)methanol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1CO XPNGNIFUDRPBFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YAYNEUUHHLGGAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chlorododecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCl YAYNEUUHHLGGAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BSAXUDHEHFJVFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1h-indole Chemical compound COC1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC(C=2NC3=CC=CC=C3C=2)=C1 BSAXUDHEHFJVFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NOJSBXYWOOIUEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,4-diethoxyphenyl)-1h-indole Chemical compound C1=C(OCC)C(OCC)=CC=C1C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2N1 NOJSBXYWOOIUEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxychromen-4-one Chemical compound C=1C(OC)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IPYKKZQNGOFJHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-cyclohexyl-4-methoxyphenyl)-1h-indole Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C=2NC3=CC=CC=C3C=2)C=C1C1CCCCC1 IPYKKZQNGOFJHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WLLUWSUWHYAYMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-methoxy-4-propan-2-yloxyphenyl)-1h-indole Chemical compound C1=C(OC(C)C)C(OC)=CC(C=2NC3=CC=CC=C3C=2)=C1 WLLUWSUWHYAYMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HKMOEGSSGQCVAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-methoxy-4-propoxyphenyl)-1h-indole Chemical compound C1=C(OC)C(OCCC)=CC=C1C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2N1 HKMOEGSSGQCVAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SFXPVAGGDIQWIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-methyl-4-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1h-indole Chemical compound CC1=CC(C=2NC3=CC=CC=C3C=2)=CC=C1OCC1=CC=CC=C1 SFXPVAGGDIQWIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UKVFBNKYRWDRMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-dodecoxy-3-methylphenyl)-1h-indole Chemical compound C1=C(C)C(OCCCCCCCCCCCC)=CC=C1C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2N1 UKVFBNKYRWDRMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DAWIEQUMBHLMFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-ethoxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1h-indole Chemical compound C1=C(C)C(OCC)=C(C)C=C1C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2N1 DAWIEQUMBHLMFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NUEWQMUJBRLNDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-ethoxy-3-methylphenyl)-1h-indole Chemical compound C1=C(C)C(OCC)=CC=C1C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2N1 NUEWQMUJBRLNDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAJPFBLEUVZKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1h-indole Chemical compound C1=C(C)C(OC)=C(C)C=C1C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2N1 QAJPFBLEUVZKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DJJHGWVHJAQWFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-methoxy-3-methylphenyl)-1h-indole Chemical compound C1=C(C)C(OC)=CC=C1C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2N1 DJJHGWVHJAQWFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WOBXOLYEZSSDLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-phenylphenyl)methyl]oxirane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=1CC1CO1 WOBXOLYEZSSDLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KEYCGKIHRPQCTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-cyclohexyl-4-(1h-indol-2-yl)phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(C=2NC3=CC=CC=C3C=2)C=C1C1CCCCC1 KEYCGKIHRPQCTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PLHZIHNBXBDJHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(1h-indol-2-yl)-2-propan-2-ylphenol Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(C(C)C)=CC(C=2NC3=CC=CC=C3C=2)=C1 PLHZIHNBXBDJHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PRASTCBVKOOZPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(N-anilino-C-methylcarbonimidoyl)benzene-1,3-diol Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=C(O)C=1C(C)=NNC1=CC=CC=C1 PRASTCBVKOOZPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BGNGWHSBYQYVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 BGNGWHSBYQYVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001580947 Adscita statices Species 0.000 description 1
- LIEYAZJYCTUZBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCCCC)(=O)O.CC[K] Chemical compound C(CCCCC)(=O)O.CC[K] LIEYAZJYCTUZBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKNZYRUUPYBRMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=C(O)C(O)=CC=C1C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2N1 Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=C(O)C(O)=CC=C1C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2N1 OKNZYRUUPYBRMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SIVSCPBVMSZJCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCCC.CC1=CC(C=2NC3=CC=CC=C3C=2)=CC=C1OCC1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound CCCCCC.CC1=CC(C=2NC3=CC=CC=C3C=2)=CC=C1OCC1=CC=CC=C1 SIVSCPBVMSZJCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RIPUGRWVKSRJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCO.C1=C(C)C(OCCCCCCCCCCCC)=CC=C1C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2N1 Chemical compound CCO.C1=C(C)C(OCCCCCCCCCCCC)=CC=C1C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2N1 RIPUGRWVKSRJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MRZQKECKJNLVEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCO.C1=C(OC)C(OCCC)=CC=C1C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2N1 Chemical compound CCO.C1=C(OC)C(OCCC)=CC=C1C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2N1 MRZQKECKJNLVEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000006783 Fischer indole synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- ZCHVAUZFTVWVES-UHFFFAOYSA-N OC.OC1=CC=C(C=2NC3=CC=CC=C3C=2)C=C1C1CCCCC1 Chemical compound OC.OC1=CC=C(C=2NC3=CC=CC=C3C=2)C=C1C1CCCCC1 ZCHVAUZFTVWVES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UILPJVPSNHJFIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Paeonol Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C(C)=O)C(O)=C1 UILPJVPSNHJFIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001328 Polyvinylidene chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QNNXEUPKHFCUKS-UHFFFAOYSA-J [Ca+2].[Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O QNNXEUPKHFCUKS-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 150000001350 alkyl halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGBNRGJSJSLVDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene 4-(1H-indol-2-yl)-2-propan-2-ylphenol Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=C(O)C(C(C)C)=CC(C=2NC3=CC=CC=C3C=2)=C1 DGBNRGJSJSLVDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HAXSCOGBPLMKKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene;1h-indole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 HAXSCOGBPLMKKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RXPKHKBYUIHIGL-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;12-hydroxyoctadecanoate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCC(O)CCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCC(O)CCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O RXPKHKBYUIHIGL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- FIASKJZPIYCESA-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;octacosanoate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O FIASKJZPIYCESA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- DHZSIQDUYCWNSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroethene;1,1-dichloroethene Chemical compound ClC=C.ClC(Cl)=C DHZSIQDUYCWNSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007398 colorimetric assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940125782 compound 2 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GLOQRSIADGSLRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N decyl diphenyl phosphite Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OCCCCCCCCCC)OC1=CC=CC=C1 GLOQRSIADGSLRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012024 dehydrating agents Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001335 demethylating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010101 extrusion blow moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- HVTICUPFWKNHNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodoethane Chemical compound CCI HVTICUPFWKNHNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000020442 loss of weight Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- RWZVFCIPMBYBCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2,2-dihydroxyoctadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)(O)C(=O)OC RWZVFCIPMBYBCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002055 micronized silica Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CPSCIFXVLXCFIQ-NTCAYCPXSA-N n-[(e)-1-phenylethylideneamino]aniline Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1C(/C)=N/NC1=CC=CC=C1 CPSCIFXVLXCFIQ-NTCAYCPXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KLAKIAVEMQMVBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-hydroxy-phenacyl alcohol Natural products OCC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 KLAKIAVEMQMVBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L phthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZUFQCVZBBNZMKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O ZUFQCVZBBNZMKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010499 rapseed oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005315 stained glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001757 thermogravimetry curve Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000052 vinegar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021419 vinegar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920006163 vinyl copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000016261 weight loss Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014101 wine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IFNXAMCERSVZCV-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O IFNXAMCERSVZCV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- CHJMFFKHPHCQIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;octanoate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC([O-])=O CHJMFFKHPHCQIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
- C08K5/3412—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring having one nitrogen atom in the ring
- C08K5/3415—Five-membered rings
- C08K5/3417—Five-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
Definitions
- the present invention relates to 2-phenyl-indole derivatives and to processes for preparing the said 2-phenyl-indole derivatives.
- the 2-phenyl-indole derivatives with which the present invention is concerned are the substances represented by the formula: ##STR2## wherein R 1 and R 2 , which are the same or different, each represent a branched or straight-chain alkyl group containing from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cyclohexyl radical, a branched- or straight-chain alkyloxy group containing from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a benzyloxy radical, a hydroxy radical or R 1 and R 2 represent together an alkylenedioxy radical containing from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, R 3 represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl or methoxy radical, with the proviso that one at least of the substituents R 1 or R 2 does not represent an alkyl radical.
- the substances of formula I can be prepared, according to the Fischer Indole Synthesis, by reacting a substituted acetophenone derivative, represented by the formula: ##STR3## in which R 1 , R 2 and R 3 have the same meanings as in formula I, with phenylhydrazine to form a substituted acetophenone phenylhydrazone, represented by the formula: ##STR4## in which R 1 , R 2 and R 3 have the same meanings as in formula I and cyclising the substances of formula III either with a dehydrating agent such as, for example, sulfuric acid, polyphosphoric acid or zinc chloride, or by thermolysis, to form the required 2-phenyl-indole derivative of formula I.
- a dehydrating agent such as, for example, sulfuric acid, polyphosphoric acid or zinc chloride, or by thermolysis
- the substances of formula I may alternatively be prepared, according to the Bischler Indole Synthesis, by reacting a substituted acetophenone derivative, represented by the formula: ##STR5## in which R 1 , R 2 and R 3 have the same meanings as in formula I and X represents a halogen atom, preferably bromine or chlorine, with aniline to form the required 2-phenyl-indole derivative of formula I.
- the substances of formula I wherein one at least of the substituents R 1 , R 2 and R 3 represents a branched- or straight-chain alkyloxy group containing from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, may alternatively be prepared by reacting the corresponding hydroxylated 2-phenyl-indole derivative, the said hydroxylated derivative having been prepared by one of the two general methods described above, with a branched- or straight-chain alkyl halide containing from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, in the presence of sodium methylate and, optionally, of N,N-dimethylformamide.
- the substances of formula I, wherein one at least of the substituents R 1 and R 2 represents a hydroxy radical may alternatively be prepared by demethylating the corresponding methoxy-substituted 2-phenyl-indole derivative, the said derivative having been prepared by one of the two general methods described above, by means of aluminium chloride or pyridine hydrochloride, optionally in the presence of benzene.
- the substances of formula IV are either known or may be prepared by reacting the appropriate substance of formula II with a halogen, preferably bromine or chlorine.
- the 2-phenyl-indole derivatives according to the invention have been found to be good stabilizers of polymers of vinyl chloride such as, for example, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl chloride - polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl chloride - polyvinylidene chloride.
- Vinyl resins are known to deteriorate under the influence of heat and it is necessary to add a stabilizing agent to these masses of synthetic materials in order to retard thermodegradation and thus delay coloration of the resin.
- 2-phenyl-indole is one of the most valuable, owing to its good stabilizing power and its low toxicity. It is, moreover, widely used in the plastics industry to stabilize vinyl polymers and co-polymers, especially those which are to be used for containing food and drink.
- the stabilizers of the invention have been found to be superior to 2-phenyl-indole, while the preferred stabilizer, namely 2-(3'-methoxy-4'-hydroxy-phenyl)-indole, has shown itself to be superior to 2-phenyl-indole from every point of view.
- the acute toxicity (LD 50 ) of the stabilizers listed below was carried out, by determining the dose of substance which provoked the death of 50% of the treated animals.
- the stabilizing power of the substances of the invention was studied from two points of view:
- Chelating agent 1832 diphenyldecyl phosphite: 67 parts by weight solution of 10% zinc octoate in diisobutylic phthalate: 33 parts by weight.
- the different Compounds were mixed and calendered in a mixer of which the cylinders were heated to 160° C.
- the rigid sheets so obtained were then heated in an oven to a temperature between 180° C and 215° C, until incipient carbonization.
- Stabilizer 2 was also found to be superior to 2-phenylindole.
- a GARDNER sub-scale is thus obtained in polyvinyl chloride sheets which can be directly compared to the sheets to be tested without using the comparator.
- Stabilizer 2 is superior as a stabilizer to 2-phenyl-indole.
- Stabilizer 2 is in this case markedly superior to 2-phenyl-indole at 0, 10 and 20 minutes, principally with respect to the coloration given to the co-polymer.
- Stabilizer 3 showed itself to be markedly superior to 2-phenyl-indole. Moreover, the sheet containing 2-phenyl-indole was burnt along its edges after 15 minutes, whereas the test sheet was not.
- Stabilizer 13 is clearly superior to 2-phenyl-indole.
- the tests were performed on a plastograph, working at a temperature of 190° C, turning at a speed of 60 r.p.m. and containing a charge of 30 g of gelled material.
- the self-heating time is defined by the moment when the temperature of the sheet exceeds the temperature of the plastograph (190° C).
- Compound No. 674 did not stick to the cylinders after 19 minutes, which proves the superiority of the sheet containing Stabilizer 2 over the sheet containing 2-phenyl-indole with regard to sticking.
- Bottles were moulded with Compounds Nos. 609, 674, 633 and 676 and it was observed that Compounds Nos. 674 and 676 gave bottles which were much more transparent than those obtained with Compounds Nos. 633 and 609.
- a sample of the substance to be tested was introduced into a test tube and heated under reduced pressure.
- the fraction of sublimated substance was recovered on a mobile cold wall.
- the sublimated substance was weighed and the result expressed as a percentage of the weight of the starting material.
- results obtained can only be of relative value enabling a comparison to be made between two products tested under the same conditions.
- Stabilizer 2 1.2%.
- the ratio between the percentages of sublimation of Stabilizer 2 and 2-phenyl-indole shows that the sublimation of Stabilizer 2 is twenty times less than that of 2-phenyl-indole.
- thermostability of Stabilizer 2 and that of 2-phenyl-indole were studied by differential thermoanalysis and by thermogravimetric analysis.
- thermoanalysis diagrams were drawn up by studying 2 mg samples of material placed in a non-airtight container, the rate of temperature increase being 2° C/minute and sensitivity 4 mcal/sec.
- the temperature increase rate was 80° /hour.
- thermogravimetric analysis confirm the results of the differential thermoanalysis, thus showing that Stabilizer 2 has greater thermostability than 2-phenyl-indole.
- the stabilizers according to the invention may be used to stabilize polymers which are intended for the manufacture of packaging and containers for food and drink and it was therefore necessary, in spite of their low toxicity, to determine their extractibility by solvents simulating food and drink.
- the bottles had the following specifications:
- the ratio of the volume of solvent to the surface of plastic material exposed to extraction was about 1 to 100 ml of solvent, taking into account the geometric characteristics of the bottles.
- thermostated oven for the non-inflammable solvents (water and acetic acid)
- a thermostated water-bath for the inflammable solvents (alcohol and heptane)
- the quantity of stabilizer extracted was determined by colorimetric assay using p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, in accordance with the method described in Analytical Chemistry 36, 425-26 (1964).
- Stabilizers 2, 14, 19, 24 and 30 are markedly less extractible than 2-phenyl-indole with regard to water, aqueous ethanol and heptane.
- Stabilizer 2 is markedly superior to 2-phenyl-indole since its extractibility is at least 10 times less than that of the latter. This finding is important because it is closely related to the problem of providing containers for mineral waters and the possible pollution of the latter by the recipient in stabilized polymer.
- the Stabilizers covered by the invention are introduced into the thermoplastic material in the proportion of 0.1% to 1% by weight.
- reaction medium as poured into one liter of water and the substance which precipitated was taken up in ether.
- the ethereal phase was washed with water until neutrality and dried.
- a quantity of 50 g of polyphosphoric acid was prepared by mixing one part of orthophosphoric acid with one part of phosphoric anhydride and the mixture was heated to 100° C. To this mixture were slowly added 40.8 g (0.1 mol) of 3-n-dodecyl-4-methoxy-acetophenone-phenylhydrazone, prepared as described in Example 1 and the reaction medium was maintained at about 100 to 110° C for 1 hour. After cooling to 80° C, the mixture was poured into iced water and the indolic precipitate which formed was filtered out and washed with water until neutrality, dried and washed with hexane.
- the temperature was then maintained at 180° C for 10 minutes and the mixture was allowed to stand for 10 minutes at room temperature.
- reaction medium was taken up in one liter of water and stirred until disappearance of the oily phase. After cooling to room temperature, the aqueous suspension was extracted several times with ether and the collected ethereal phases were washed with water, dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and filtered through a neutral alumina column. After recrystallizaton from toluene, 22 g of 2-(3',4'-dimethoxy-phenyl)-indole were obtained. M.P.: : 188° C. Yield: 35%.
- the mixture was then poured into a diluted aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid and the indolic derivative was extracted with ether.
- the ethereal phase was washed, dried and concentrated under reduced pressure.
- the crude product was moistened with toluene and centrifuged.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Indole Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
New stabilizers for polymers of vinyl chloride, the said stabilizers being 2-phenyl-indole derivatives corresponding to the formula: ##STR1## wherein R1 and R2, which are the same or different, each represent a branched- or straight-chain alkyl group containing from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cyclohexyl radical, a branched- or straight-chain alkyloxy group containing from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a benzyloxy radical, a hydroxy radical or R1 and R2 represent together an alkylenedioxy radical containing from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, R3 represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl or methoxy radical, with the proviso that one at least of the substituents R1 or R2 does not represent an alkyl radical.
Description
This application is a continuation of our application Ser. No. 582,092 filed May 30, 1975, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,024,155 granted May 17, 1977.
The present invention relates to 2-phenyl-indole derivatives and to processes for preparing the said 2-phenyl-indole derivatives.
The 2-phenyl-indole derivatives with which the present invention is concerned are the substances represented by the formula: ##STR2## wherein R1 and R2, which are the same or different, each represent a branched or straight-chain alkyl group containing from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cyclohexyl radical, a branched- or straight-chain alkyloxy group containing from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a benzyloxy radical, a hydroxy radical or R1 and R2 represent together an alkylenedioxy radical containing from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, R3 represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl or methoxy radical, with the proviso that one at least of the substituents R1 or R2 does not represent an alkyl radical.
The substances of formula I can be prepared, according to the Fischer Indole Synthesis, by reacting a substituted acetophenone derivative, represented by the formula: ##STR3## in which R1, R2 and R3 have the same meanings as in formula I, with phenylhydrazine to form a substituted acetophenone phenylhydrazone, represented by the formula: ##STR4## in which R1, R2 and R3 have the same meanings as in formula I and cyclising the substances of formula III either with a dehydrating agent such as, for example, sulfuric acid, polyphosphoric acid or zinc chloride, or by thermolysis, to form the required 2-phenyl-indole derivative of formula I.
The substances of formula I may alternatively be prepared, according to the Bischler Indole Synthesis, by reacting a substituted acetophenone derivative, represented by the formula: ##STR5## in which R1, R2 and R3 have the same meanings as in formula I and X represents a halogen atom, preferably bromine or chlorine, with aniline to form the required 2-phenyl-indole derivative of formula I.
The substances of formula I, wherein one at least of the substituents R1, R2 and R3 represents a branched- or straight-chain alkyloxy group containing from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, may alternatively be prepared by reacting the corresponding hydroxylated 2-phenyl-indole derivative, the said hydroxylated derivative having been prepared by one of the two general methods described above, with a branched- or straight-chain alkyl halide containing from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, in the presence of sodium methylate and, optionally, of N,N-dimethylformamide.
The substances of formula I, wherein one at least of the substituents R1 and R2 represents a hydroxy radical, may alternatively be prepared by demethylating the corresponding methoxy-substituted 2-phenyl-indole derivative, the said derivative having been prepared by one of the two general methods described above, by means of aluminium chloride or pyridine hydrochloride, optionally in the presence of benzene.
The substances of formula II are already known or may be prepared by known procedures.
The substances of formula IV are either known or may be prepared by reacting the appropriate substance of formula II with a halogen, preferably bromine or chlorine.
The 2-phenyl-indole derivatives according to the invention have been found to be good stabilizers of polymers of vinyl chloride such as, for example, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl chloride - polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl chloride - polyvinylidene chloride.
They have been found to be particularly valuable as stabilizers of the homo polymers and co-polymers intended to be formed by extrusion-moulding, blow-moulding and calendering, mainly but not solely with a view to manufacturing containers for food and drink, such as, for example, bottles for wine, oil, vinegar and mineral water.
The substances of the invention which are listed hereunder are new and are claimed as such:
2-(2',4'-dihydroxy-phenyl)-indole (Stabilizer 1)
2-(3'-methoxy-4'-hydroxy-phenyl)-indole (Stabilizer 2)
2-(3',5'-dimethyoxy-phenyl)-indole (Stabilizer 3)
2-(2'-hydroxy-4'-methoxy-phenyl)-indole (Stabilizer 4)
2-(2'-hydroxy-4'-methyl-phenyl)-indole (Stabilizer 5)
2-(2'-methyl-4'-hydroxy-phenyl)-indole (Stabilizer 6)
2-(2'-methoxy-4'-methyl-phenyl)-indole (Stabilizer 7)
2-(3'-methyl-4'-methoxy-phenyl)-indole (Stabilizer 8)
2-(2',4'-dimethoxy-phenyl)-indole (Stabilizer 9)
2-(2'-methyl-4'-methoxy-phenyl)-indole (Stabilizer 10)
2-(2'-methoxy-5'-methyl-phenyl)-indole (Stabilizer 11)
2-(3'-methyl-4'-hydroxy-phenyl)-indole (Stabilizer 12)
2-(3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxy-phenyl)-indole (Stabilizer 13)
2-(3'-dodecyl-4'-methoxy-phenyl)-indole (Stabilizer 14)
2-(3'-isopropyl-4'-methoxy-phenyl)-indole (Stabilizer 15)
2-(3'-cyclohexyl-4'-methoxy-phenyl)-indole (Stabilizer 16)
2-(3',5'-dimethyl-4'-methoxy-phenyl)-indole (Stabilizer 17)
2-(3',5'-dimethyl-4'-ethoxy-phenyl)-indole (Stabilizer 18)
2-(3'-dodecyl-4'-hydroxy-phenyl)-indole (Stabilizer 19)
2-(3'-isopropyl-4'-hydroxy-phenyl)-indole (Stabilizer 20)
2-(3'-cyclohexyl-4'-hydroxy-phenyl)-indole (Stabilizer 21)
2-(3',5'-dimethyl-4'-hydroxy-phenyl)-indole (Stabilizer 22)
2-(3'-methoxy-4'-ethoxy-phenyl)-indole (Stabilizer 23)
2-(3'-methoxy-4'-dodecyloxy-phenyl)-indole (Stabilizer 24)
2-(3'-methoxy-4'-butyloxy-phenyl)-indole (Stabilizer 25)
2-(3'-methoxy-4'-propyloxy-phenyl)-indole (Stabilizer 26)
2-(3'-methoxy-4'-isopropyloxy-phenyl)-indole (Stabilizer 27)
2-(3'4'-diethoxy-phenyl)-indole (Stabilizer 28)
2-(3'-benzyloxy-4'-methoxy-phenyl)indole (Stabilizer 29)
2-(3'-methyl-4'-dodecyloxy-phenyl)-indole (Stabilizer 30)
2-(3'-methoxy-4'-benzyloxy-phenyl)-indole (Stabilizer 31)
2-(3'-methyl-4'-benzyloxy-phenyl)-indole (Stabilizer 32)
2-(3',4'-methylenedioxy-phenyl)-indole (Stabilizer 33)
2-(3',4'-ethylenedioxy-phenyl)-indole (Stabilizer 34)
2-(3'-methyl-4'-ethoxy-phenyl)-indole (Stabilizer 35)
As against this, the substances listed hereunder are already known but are considered as new stabilizers of polymers and co-polymers of vinyl chloride:
2-(3',4'-dimethoxy-phenyl)-indole (Stabilizer 36)
2-(3',4',5'-trimethoxy-phenyl)-indole (Stabilizer 37)
2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methyl-phenyl)-indole (Stabilizer 38)
Vinyl resins are known to deteriorate under the influence of heat and it is necessary to add a stabilizing agent to these masses of synthetic materials in order to retard thermodegradation and thus delay coloration of the resin.
Amongst the organic stabilizers used up-to-present, 2-phenyl-indole is one of the most valuable, owing to its good stabilizing power and its low toxicity. It is, moreover, widely used in the plastics industry to stabilize vinyl polymers and co-polymers, especially those which are to be used for containing food and drink.
However, good stabilizing power, though necessary, is not the only quality required for a stabilizer. The following characteristics also have great importance:
- thermostability of the stabilized resin
- sticking of the stabilized resin
- behaviour on extrusion of the stabilized resin
- behaviour on blowing of the stabilized resin
- sublimation of the stabilizer
- thermostability of the stabilizer
Finally, as far as containers for food and drink are concerned, extractibility of the stabilizers by the food or drink in the container must be carefully evaluated.
For one or more of the above characteristics, the stabilizers of the invention have been found to be superior to 2-phenyl-indole, while the preferred stabilizer, namely 2-(3'-methoxy-4'-hydroxy-phenyl)-indole, has shown itself to be superior to 2-phenyl-indole from every point of view.
The toxicity of the stabilizers of the invention was studied first and the satisfactory results obtained were such as to justify continuation of the investigation.
The acute toxicity (LD50) of the stabilizers listed below was carried out, by determining the dose of substance which provoked the death of 50% of the treated animals.
A gummy suspension of the substance under study was administered by oral route to groups of at least ten mice and the following results were observed:
______________________________________
Stabilizers LD.sub.50 (mg/kg)
Toxic symptons
______________________________________
2 >2000 none
3 >2000 none
14 >3000 none
15 >3000 none
2-phenyl-indole
>3000 none
______________________________________
The maximal dose which does not provoke any death (LDO) was also determined for the stabilizers listed hereunder, using the same method.
The following results were observed:
______________________________________
Stabilizers LD.sub.0 (mg/kg)
Toxic symptons
______________________________________
17 >3000 none
23 > 500 none
25 >3000 none
27 >3000 none
29 > 500 none
31 > 500 none
33 >3000 none
34 >3000 none
39 > 500 none
______________________________________
The stabilizing power of the substances of the invention was studied from two points of view:
(a) Static thermostability
(b) Dynamic thermostability
These studies were performed with five different formulae of vinyl resins (hereinafter referred to as Compounds).
______________________________________
Compound A
Ingredients Parts by weight
Polyvinyl chloride resin
100
Anti-shock resin 9
Epoxide soja bean oil 2
Calcium-12-hydroxy-stearate
0.2
SL 2016 0.1
Stabilizer 0.3
Compound B
Ingredients Parts by weight
Polyvinyl chloride resin
100
Anti-shock resin 9
Epoxide soja bean oil 2
Chelating agent 1832 0.25
Solution of 2-ethyl-potassium-hexanoate
containing 10% of potassium
0.025
Pure stearylic alcohol 0.5
Glyceryl-12-trihydroxy-stearate
0.5
Glycerol trimontanate 0.2
Calcium montanate 0.1
SL 2016 0.1
Stabilizer 0.3
Compound C
Ingredients Parts by weight
Polyvinyl chloride resin
100
Anti-shock resin 12
Epoxide soja bean oil 3
Chelating agent 1832 0.25
Solution of potassium-2-ethyl-hexanoate
containing 10% of potassium
0.025
Zinc calcium stearate 0.2
Calcium stearate
Glyceryl-12-trihydroxy-stearate
1
Glycerol trimontanate 0.3
Acrylic resin 0.5
Stabilizer 0.3
Compound D
Ingredients Parts by weight
Polyvinyl chloride resin
90
Vinyl chloride - vinylidene chloride
10
co-polymer
Anti-shock resin 7
Acrylic resin 2
Epoxide soja bean oil 0.5
3-(2'-Phenyl-phenyl)-1,2-epoxy-propane
0.6
Organostannic stabilizer
0.5
Calcium stearate 0.2
Hydrogenated rapseed oil
0.5
Methyl dihydroxy stearate
0.2
Micronized silica 0.2
Antioxydant 0.1
Stabilizer 0.3
Compound E
Ingredients Parts by weight
Polyvinyl chloride resin
100
Anti-shock resin 12
Epoxide soja bean oil 3
Glyceryl-12-trihydroxy stearate
1
Glycerol trimontanate 0.3
Acrylic resin 0.5
Stabilizer 1
______________________________________
The following ingredients are defined below:
Sl 2016: solution of zinc-2-ethyl-hexanoate in a mixture of hydrocarbons boiling between 158° C and 184° C.
Chelating agent 1832: diphenyldecyl phosphite: 67 parts by weight solution of 10% zinc octoate in diisobutylic phthalate: 33 parts by weight.
a. Static thermostability.
The different Compounds were mixed and calendered in a mixer of which the cylinders were heated to 160° C. The rigid sheets so obtained were then heated in an oven to a temperature between 180° C and 215° C, until incipient carbonization.
A stove with rotating drums, ventilated and equipped with a thermostat was used for this operation. In the trials described hereunder, the behaviour of the sheets containing one of the stabilizers to be tested was compared to that of sheets of the same formulae but containing 2-phenylindole as stabilizer.
Comparison can be made by one of two methods, namely:
(1) The coloration of the sheets, of which samples were removed from the stove at fixed intervals, was compared to a standard scale of coloration, known as the GARDNER Scale and expressed in terms of the reference figures of the GARDNER Scale.
Comparisons were made with a GARDNER Scale comparator which contains 18 filters of coloured glass and which offers the possibility of observing by transparency and in a limited field of view both the sheet and the reference filters.
It may happen that the colour of the sheets is far removed from that of the GARDNER Scale, in which case comparison is difficult, if not impossible.
The following results were obtained:
Compound B was used and the sheets obtained presented the following characteristics:
______________________________________
Initial thickness of the control sheet
0.9 mm
Initial thickness of the test sheet
1 mm
Temperature of the stove 210° C
______________________________________
______________________________________
TIME IN MINUTES
STABILIZERS 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21
______________________________________
2-phenyl-indole
1 1 2 3 4 7 9 > 18
2 1 1 2 3 4 6 9 11
______________________________________
The superiority of Stabilizer 2 over 2-phenyl-indole is evident after 21 minutes, since after this period of time the control sheet is completely burnt whereas the test sheet has a coloration of only 11° GARDNER.
Compound A was used.
______________________________________
Initial thickness of the control sheet
0.8 mm
Initial thickness of the test sheet
0.9 mm
Temperature 210° C
______________________________________
______________________________________
TIME IN MINUTES
STABILIZERS 0 3 6 9 12 15 18
______________________________________
2-phenyl-indole
1 2 3 4 9 12 13
2 1 1 1.5 2 5 9 11
______________________________________
With Compound A, Stabilizer 2 was also found to be superior to 2-phenylindole.
Compound A was used.
______________________________________
Initial thickness of the control sheet
0.9 mm
Initial thickness of the test sheet
0.9 mm
Temperature 185° C
______________________________________
______________________________________
STABILI- TIME IN MINUTES
ZERS 0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60
______________________________________
2-phenyl-
1 2 4 9 11 15 15 16 16 18 Burnt
indole
31 1 1 2 6 9 10 11 11 15 15 Burnt
______________________________________
(2) It is also possible to use a simplified method which is more rapid and with which valid results are also obtained: A reference scale is drawn up with sheets of thermally treated polyvinyl chloride, of which the colorations have been definitely determined in GARDNER degrees as above.
A GARDNER sub-scale is thus obtained in polyvinyl chloride sheets which can be directly compared to the sheets to be tested without using the comparator.
The following results were obtained with the said simplified method:
Compound C was used.
Temperature: 210° C
______________________________________
TIME IN MINUTES
STABILIZERS 0 10 20 30 40 50 55 60
______________________________________
2-phenyl-indole
1 1.5 2 <3 3 >3 3.5 >4
2 <1 1 1.5 2 2.5 <3 3 <4
______________________________________
The colorations are fairly far removed from the GARDNER Scale and the intensity of the colour is therefore difficult to appreciate. However, here also it can be seen that Stabilizer 2 is superior as a stabilizer to 2-phenyl-indole.
Compound D was used.
Temperature: 185° C
______________________________________
TIME IN MINUTES
STABILIZERS 0 10 20 30
______________________________________
2-phenyl-indole
1 1 <2 2
2 <<1 <1 1 <<2
______________________________________
It is clear that Stabilizer 2 is in this case markedly superior to 2-phenyl-indole at 0, 10 and 20 minutes, principally with respect to the coloration given to the co-polymer.
Compound A was used.
Temperature: 210° C
______________________________________
TIME IN MINUTES
STABILIZERS 0 3 6 9 12 15
______________________________________
2-phenyl-indole
1 2 3 8 11 13
3 1 1 2 3 8 11
______________________________________
As early as the ninth minute, Stabilizer 3 showed itself to be markedly superior to 2-phenyl-indole. Moreover, the sheet containing 2-phenyl-indole was burnt along its edges after 15 minutes, whereas the test sheet was not.
Compound A was used.
Temperature: 210° C
______________________________________
TIME IN MINUTES
STABILIZERS 0 3 6 9 12 15 18
______________________________________
2-phenyl-indole
1 1 2 5 9 13 Burnt
13 1 1 1 4 7 10 Burnt
______________________________________
Stabilizer 13 is clearly superior to 2-phenyl-indole.
The results given in the following Table were obtained with Compound A at a temperature of 210° C
______________________________________
TIME IN MINUTES
STABILIZERS 0 3 6 9 12 15 18
______________________________________
14 1 1 2 5 8 10 16
2-phenyl-indole
1 1 2 9 11 13 Burnt
15 1 1 2 4 11 13 Burnt
2-phenyl-indole
1 1 3 10 12 13 Burnt
16 1 1 2 3 9 13 Burnt
2-phenyl-indole
1 1 3 4 12 14 Burnt
17 1 1 1 3 6 8 12
2-phenyl-indole
1 1 1 4 10 12 Burnt
18 1 1 2 3 10 11 13
2-phenyl-indole
1 1 2 8 9 10 Burnt
19 1 1 3 6 6 11 16
20 1 1 3 6 10 11 Burnt
2-phenyl-indole
1 1 2 9 11 13 Burnt
23 1 1 2 2 3 9 Burnt
2-phenyl-indole
1 1 3 10 12 13 Burnt
24 1 1 1 4 10 13 Burnt
29 1 1 1 4 10 13 Burnt
2-phenyl-indole
1 1 3 6 14 134 Burnt
25 1 1 2 3 9 12 Burnt
28 1 1 2 2 10 13 Burnt
2-phenyl-indole
1 1 3 4 12 14 Burnt
26 1 1 1 2 3 4 10
27 1 1 1 3 4 9 13
2-phenyl-indole
1 1 1 4 10 12 Burnt
30 1 1 3 5 6 13 Burnt
32 1 1 4 4 11 13 Burnt
2-phenyl-indole
1 1 3 5 6 13 Burnt
21 1 1 2 3 8 12 14
35 1 1 2 5 5 11 12
2-phenyl-indole
1 1 2 8 9 10 Burnt
33 1 1 2 5 11 13 Burnt
34 1 1 2 5 10 13 Burnt
2-phenyl-indole
1 1 3 11 13 14 Burnt
36 1 1 2 3 7 8 --
2-phenyl-indole
1 1 2 3 9 11
13
37 1 1 2 2 8 10 12
2-phenyl-indole
1 2 3 4 11 12 Burnt
______________________________________
(b) Dynamic thermostability.
The dynamic thermostability of resins containing respectively 2-(3'-methoxy-4'-hydroxy-phenyl)-indole and 2-phenyl-indole as stabilizers was compared by using the Compounds numbered hereunder:
No. 609: Compound C with 2-phenyl-indole as stabilizer
No. 676: Compound C with Stabilizer 2
No. 633: Compound E with 2-phenyl-indole as stabilizer
No. 674: Compound E with Stabilizer 2.
The tests were performed on a plastograph, working at a temperature of 190° C, turning at a speed of 60 r.p.m. and containing a charge of 30 g of gelled material.
Two curves were drawn namely:
- a decomposition curve giving the value of the resistant torque (m kg) in relation to time. From this curve, two important results were obtained: the minimal resistant torque and the time of decomposition.
- a curve giving the self-heating time in relation to temperature. The self-heating time is defined by the moment when the temperature of the sheet exceeds the temperature of the plastograph (190° C).
The results given in the following Table were obtained from these curves:
______________________________________
COMPOUNDS
MEASUREMENTS 609 676 633 674
______________________________________
Minimal resistant
torque in m kg
1.1 1.1 0.96 0.95
Decomposition time
in min. 23.5 23 43.5 44.5
Self-heating time
in min. 6 8 9 22.5
______________________________________
Although the minimal resistant torques and the decomposition times are comparable, it should be emphasized that the sheets containing Stabilizer 2 present a better score with regard to self-heating time.
Compounds Nos. 609 and 676 were placed in a mixer of the type previously used for studying static thermostability with cylinders at a fixed temperature of 210° C. They were submitted to alternate periods of 3 minutes of mixing and 3 minutes of rest.
Unlike Compound No. 609, Compound No. 674 did not stick to the cylinders after 19 minutes, which proves the superiority of the sheet containing Stabilizer 2 over the sheet containing 2-phenyl-indole with regard to sticking.
Compounds Nos. 609 and 676 were extruded with an extruder fitted with a screw having a diameter of 45 mm. As opposed to Compound No. 609, Compound No. 676 was perfectly extruded.
Bottles were moulded with Compounds Nos. 609, 674, 633 and 676 and it was observed that Compounds Nos. 674 and 676 gave bottles which were much more transparent than those obtained with Compounds Nos. 633 and 609.
In this test also, the superiority of Stabilizer 2 over 2-phenylindole was very marked.
It is well-known that 2-phenyl-indole presents the disadvantage of sublimating when being handled in the form of powder, during the formation of the Compound and during the extrusion of the latter. This relatively extensive sublimation constitutes a major disadvantage because in addition to the not inconsiderable loss of stabilizer, it causes pollution of the atmosphere in the workshops where the various operations are carried out.
The tendency to sublimate of 2-(3'-methoxy-4'-hydroxy-phenyl)-indole (Stabilizer 2) was compared to that of 2-phenyl-indole.
A sample of the substance to be tested was introduced into a test tube and heated under reduced pressure. The fraction of sublimated substance was recovered on a mobile cold wall.
After a certain period of time, the sublimated substance was weighed and the result expressed as a percentage of the weight of the starting material.
The results obtained can only be of relative value enabling a comparison to be made between two products tested under the same conditions.
______________________________________
Temperature of heating
120° C
Temperature of the cold wall
13° C
Pressure 15 Torr
Duration of heating 150 minutes
Starting-weight 150 mg
______________________________________
The percentages of sublimated substance were respectively:
2-phenyl-indole: 26.9%
Stabilizer 2: 1.2%.
The ratio between the percentages of sublimation of Stabilizer 2 and 2-phenyl-indole shows that the sublimation of Stabilizer 2 is twenty times less than that of 2-phenyl-indole.
The thermostability of Stabilizer 2 and that of 2-phenyl-indole were studied by differential thermoanalysis and by thermogravimetric analysis.
(a) Differential thermoanalysis.
Differential thermoanalysis diagrams were drawn up by studying 2 mg samples of material placed in a non-airtight container, the rate of temperature increase being 2° C/minute and sensitivity 4 mcal/sec.
The diagrams were made out for 2-phenyl-indole (i) and Compound 2 (ii) and enabled the following conclusions to be drawn:
(i) 2-Phenyl-indole sublimates at 140° C and particularly from 185-190° C (melting point). There is no loss of water at 100° C. Decomposition appears to start at about 210°-220° C. It is very difficult to determine the decomposition temperature with accuracy because it is not possible to separate the effect of thermolysis from that of sublimation.
(ii) There is no loss of water; melting occurs at 160° C and decomposition starts at 235°-240° C, followed by a series of exothermic waves.
(b) Thermogravimetric analysis.
This analysis necessitated two series of trials carried out under air and under inert gas (argon) in order to eliminate any possible effect of oxygen. The results obtained were identical.
The temperature increase rate was 80° /hour.
Thermograms were drawn up under air for both 2-phenyl-indole (i) and for Stabilizer 2 (ii) and enabled the following conclusions to be drawn:
(i) Weight loss starts at about 190°-195° C. It is due to both sublimation and to incipient decomposition. In the case of the trial carried out under air, a yellowish residue was, in fact, obtained at 210° C which constitutes proof of decomposition. Although the sample was not kept at 210° C, it can be safely assumed that had this temperature been maintained for a prolonged period of time, at least in the presence of air, the sample would have undergone extensive degradation.
(ii) Loss of weight begins at about 235°-240° C, which corresponds to the beginning of decomposition.
The results of the thermogravimetric analysis confirm the results of the differential thermoanalysis, thus showing that Stabilizer 2 has greater thermostability than 2-phenyl-indole.
This fact is very important, since the preparation and processing of the resin often involve temperatures ranging from 180° C to 220° C, in some cases for several minutes.
The stabilizers according to the invention may be used to stabilize polymers which are intended for the manufacture of packaging and containers for food and drink and it was therefore necessary, in spite of their low toxicity, to determine their extractibility by solvents simulating food and drink.
This study was carried out in accordance with the requirements of the Food and Drug Administration (U.S.A).
The extractions were performed in semi-rigid bottles, prepared with Compounds Nos. 609 and 676, and with the following solvents: water, an aqueous solution of acetic acid (3%), ethanol-water 50/50, heptane.
The bottles had the following specifications:
______________________________________
Diameter 62 mm
Height 170 mm
Capacity 375 ml
Weight 28 g
______________________________________
The ratio of the volume of solvent to the surface of plastic material exposed to extraction was about 1 to 100 ml of solvent, taking into account the geometric characteristics of the bottles.
Operating conditions.
Temperature: 49° C
Heating: A thermostated oven for the non-inflammable solvents (water and acetic acid) A thermostated water-bath for the inflammable solvents (alcohol and heptane)
Duration of extraction: This is indicated under each result. They are, in each case, intentionally longer than those which would have given stable maximum values.
The quantity of stabilizer extracted was determined by colorimetric assay using p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, in accordance with the method described in Analytical Chemistry 36, 425-26 (1964).
A blank trial was carried out with a Compound of the same formula as Compounds Nos. 609 and 676, but without any stabilizer. A purely negative result was obtained. All the results are given in the Tables hereunder. The amounts of stabilizer assayed are expressed in μg per liter of extraction solvent or, which is the same per 1000 cm2 of surface submitted to extraction.
______________________________________
COMPOUNDS
SOLVENTS No. 609 No. 676
______________________________________
Water 40 (6 days) <3 (10 days)
3% Aqueous solution
of acetic acid <3 (20 days) <3 (20 days)
Aqueous ethanol 50/50
100 (9 days) <10 (9 days)
Heptane 875 (48 hours)
175 (48 hours)
______________________________________
Other trials were carried out with Compound A containing the different Stabilizers listed below and the following results were obtained:
______________________________________
STABILIZERS
SOLVENTS 14 19 24 30
______________________________________
Water 23 <3 <3 <3
(10 days)
(10 days)
(10 days)
(10 days)
3% Aqueous solution
<3 <3 <3 <3
of acetic acid
(20 days)
(20 days)
(20 days)
(20 days)
Aqueous ethanol
<10 <10 <10 <10
50/50 (9 days) (9 days) (9 days)
(9 days)
Heptane 175 175 175 175
(48 (48 (48 (48
hours) hours) hours) hours)
______________________________________
These results show that Stabilizers 2, 14, 19, 24 and 30 are markedly less extractible than 2-phenyl-indole with regard to water, aqueous ethanol and heptane.
In the case of diluted acetic acid, the amounts extracted are approximately the same, but it is difficult to draw a conclusion because these amounts are below the sensitivity threshold of the method assay.
With regard to water, it is clear that Stabilizer 2 is markedly superior to 2-phenyl-indole since its extractibility is at least 10 times less than that of the latter. This finding is important because it is closely related to the problem of providing containers for mineral waters and the possible pollution of the latter by the recipient in stabilized polymer.
The Stabilizers covered by the invention are introduced into the thermoplastic material in the proportion of 0.1% to 1% by weight.
The following Examples provide a non-limitative illustration of the processes of preparation of the substances covered by the invention:
Into a solution of benzene containing 166 g (1 mol) of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-acetophenone were introduced 94 g (1 mol) of phenylhydrazine and a catalytic quantity of acetic anhydride and the mixture was refluxed for one hour. The solvent was then evaporated off and the crude 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-acetophenone-phenylhydrazone obtained was directly used for the following step.
By the procedure described above but using the appropriate starting-products, the compounds listed hereunder were prepared:
2-hydroxy-5-methyl-acetophenone-phenylhydrazone
2-methyl-4-methoxy-acetophenone-phenylhydrazone
2-hydroxy-4-methyl-acetophenone-phenylhydrazone
3-methyl-4-methoxy-acetophenone-phenylhydrazone
2,4-dimethoxy-acetophenone-phenylhydrazone
3-n-dodecyl-4-methoxy-acetophenone-phenylhydrazone
3-isopropyl-4-methoxy-acetophenone-phenylhydrazone
3-cyclohexyl-3-methoxy-acetophenone-phenylhydrazone
3,5-dimethyl-4-methoxy-acetophenone-phenylhydrazone
3,5-dimethyl-4-ethoxy-acetophenone-phenylhydrazone
To 450 g of a mixture of orthophosphoric acid/phosphoric anhydride (1/1), heated to a temperature between 140° C and 180° C, were slowly added 230 g (1 mol) of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-acetophenone-phenylhydrazone, the temperature being maintained at the same level for 1 hour.
The reaction medium as poured into one liter of water and the substance which precipitated was taken up in ether. The ethereal phase was washed with water until neutrality and dried.
After purification of the solution with active charcoal and evaporation of the ether, a greenish oil was obtained which crystallized to provide the crude product.
After recrystallization from benzene, 60 g of 2-(2'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyphenyl)-indole were obtained. M.P. : 195° C. Yield : 25%.
By the same procedure but using the appropriate starting-products, the compounds listed hereunder were prepared:
______________________________________
Compound Melting Point
______________________________________
2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methyl-phenyl)-indole
178° C
2-(2'-hydroxy-4'-methyl-phenyl)-indole
191° C -2-(3'-methyl-4'methoxy-phenyl)-indo
le 210° C
2-(2',4'-dimethoxy-phenyl)-indole
143° C
______________________________________
By the procedure in Example 1, but operating at a temperature of about 110° C-120° C and starting from 2-methyl-4-methoxy-acetophenone-phenylhydrazone, 95 g of 2-(2'-methyl-4'-methoxy-phenyl)-indole were obtained after recrystallization from ethanol. M.P. : 131° C. Yield : 40%.
A quantity of 50 g of polyphosphoric acid was prepared by mixing one part of orthophosphoric acid with one part of phosphoric anhydride and the mixture was heated to 100° C. To this mixture were slowly added 40.8 g (0.1 mol) of 3-n-dodecyl-4-methoxy-acetophenone-phenylhydrazone, prepared as described in Example 1 and the reaction medium was maintained at about 100 to 110° C for 1 hour. After cooling to 80° C, the mixture was poured into iced water and the indolic precipitate which formed was filtered out and washed with water until neutrality, dried and washed with hexane.
After recrystallization from ethanol under nitrogen atmosphere, 9 g of 2-(3'-n-dodecyl-4'-methoxy-phenyl)-indole were obtained. M.P. : 111° C. Yield : 23%.
By the same method but using the appropriate starting-products, the following compounds were prepared:
______________________________________
Compound Melting Point
______________________________________
2-(3'-isopropyl-4'-methoxy-phenyl)-
160° C
indole (Benzene, then ethanol)
2-(3'-cyclohexyl-4'-methoxy-phenyl)-
176° C
indole (Benzene)
2-(3',5'-dimethyl-4'-methoxy-phenyl)-
175° C
indole (Ethanol, then acetone)
2-(3',5'-dimethyl-4'-ethoxy-phenyl)-
134° C
indole (Chromatography on a
silica column with
benzene as eluant)
______________________________________
A mixture comprising 8.3 g (0.05 mol) of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-acetophenone. 5.4 g (0.05 mol) of phenylhydrazine, 20 ml of ethanol and a drop of acetic acid was refluxed for 6 hours and then maintained at a temperature of about 5° C for one night.
The substance which precipitated was centrifuged, washed with a minimum of benzene and dried under vacuum at room temperature to give 10.5 g of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-acetophenone-phenylhydrazone. M.P.: 131° C. Yield: 82%.
40 g of orthophosphoric acid was poured onto 7.68 g (0.03 mol) of 3 -methoxy-4-hydroxy-acetophenone-phenylhydrazone and the mixture was heated to 130° C for one hour and then to 180° C for ten minutes. After being allowed to stand for 30 minutes at room temperature, the reaction medium was taken up in 200 ml of water and the aqueous solution was extracted several times with methylene chloride. The collected organic phases were washed with water, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulphate and then filtered through an alumina column.
The solution was evaporated to dryness and 5.1 g of crude product were obtained. After two recrystallizations from toluene, 4.8 g of 2-(3'-methoxy-4'-hydroxy-phenyl)-indole were obtained. M.P.: 165° C. Yield: 67.3%.
A mixture of 60 g (0.3 mol) of 3,4-dimethoxy-acetophenone, 33 ml of phenylhydrazine, 100 ml of ethanol and 1.5 ml of acetic acid was refluxed under nitrogen for 10 hours.
The alcohol was evaporated off and the residue was recrystallized from toluene, to give 56.8 g of crystals. By concentrating the mother-liquors, 28.2 g of crude product were also recovered which were added to the 56.8 g of crystals already obtained.
The 85 g of crude 3,4-dimethoxy-acetophenone-phenylhydrazone so obtained was directly engaged in the following step.
By the procedure described above but using the appropriate starting-products, the compounds given hereunder were prepared:
3,5-dimethoxy-acetophenone-phenylhydrazone.
3,4,5-trimethoxy-acetophenone-phenylhydrazone.
While stirring and maintaining the temperature at about 170° C-185° C, 67.5 g (0.25 mol) of 3,4-dimethoxy-acetophenone-phenylhydrazone were added to 450 g of polyphosphoric acid prepared as in Example 1.
The temperature was then maintained at 180° C for 10 minutes and the mixture was allowed to stand for 10 minutes at room temperature.
The reaction medium was taken up in one liter of water and stirred until disappearance of the oily phase. After cooling to room temperature, the aqueous suspension was extracted several times with ether and the collected ethereal phases were washed with water, dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and filtered through a neutral alumina column. After recrystallizaton from toluene, 22 g of 2-(3',4'-dimethoxy-phenyl)-indole were obtained. M.P.: : 188° C. Yield: 35%.
By the procedure described above but using the appropriate starting-products, the following compounds were prepared:
______________________________________
Compound Melting Point
______________________________________
2-(3',5'-dimethoxy-phenyl)-indole
124° C
______________________________________
While stirring, a solution of 500 ml of benzene containing 60 mol) (0.36 mol) of 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-acetophenone, 20 g (0.2 mol) of phenylhydrazine and 5 ml of acetic anhydride was refluxed for one hour. The benzene solution was concentrated by evaporation under reduced pressure to give crude 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-acetophenone-phenylhydrazone, which was directly engaged in the following step.
In 20 minutes, 20 g (0.12 mol) of 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-acetophenone-phenylhydrazone were added to 100 g of a mixture of phosphoric acid/phosphoric anhydride (60/40) and the reaction medium was heated to 110° C for 30 minutes after the end of the operation of addition. The mixture was poured into iced-water and the indolic derivative was extracted with ether.
The ethereal phase was washed, dried and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product which was obtained was recrystallized from a mixture of toluene-ethanol (80/20) and 14.3 g of 2-(3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxy-phenyl)-indole were obtained. M.P.: 217° C. Yield: 50%.
A mixture of 15.2 g (0.1 mol) of 2,4-dihydroxy-acetophenone, 50 ml of ethanol, 10 ml of phenylhydrazine and 3 drops of acetic acid was refluxed for 2 hours and then allowed to stand in an ice-bath for 30 minutes. The crystals obtained were centrifuged and washed with 100 ml of hexane to give 21 g of 2',4'-dihydroxy-acetophenone-phenylhydrazone in the form of brown crystals. M.P.: 159° C.
To 60 g of orthophosphoric acid were added 12.2 g (0.05 mol) of 2,4-dihydroxy-acetophenone-phenylhydrazone and the reaction medium was heated to 130° C for 1 hour, then to 180° C for 10 minutes. While stirring, the mixture was poured into one liter of ice-water and was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase was washed with 100 ml of water, dried and the solvent was evaporated off. The residue was chromatographed on a silica column, with a mixture of ethyl acetate/ether (10/90) as eluant. The solvent was eliminated and the residue was recrystallized from a mixture of toluene-methanol to give 4.60 g of 2-(2',4'dihydroxy-phenyl)-indole. M.P.: 188° C. Yield: 40%.
Over a period of 15 minutes, 20 g (0.1 mol) of ω-chloro-3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-acetophenone were added to 32.5 g (0.35 mol) of boiling aniline and the temperature was maintained at 180° C for 20 minutes.
The mixture was then poured into a diluted aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid and the indolic derivative was extracted with ether. The ethereal phase was washed, dried and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was moistened with toluene and centrifuged.
After recrystallization from a mixture of toluene-ethanol (80/20) 4.8 g of 2-(3'-methoxy-4'-hydroxy-phenyl)-indole were obtained. M.P.: 165° C. Yield: 20%.
By the same method but using the appropriate starting-product the following compound was prepared:
______________________________________
Compound Melting Point
______________________________________
2-(3'-isopropyl-4'-methoxy-phenyl)-indole
160° C
______________________________________
A mixture of 372 g (4 mols) of aniline and 215 g (1 mol) of ω-chloro-3,4-dimethoxy-acetophenone was refluxed for one hour. The reaction medium was cooled to about 50° C and poured into iced-water to which 50 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid had been added. The reaction medium was extracted with chloroform and the organic phase was washed with water, dried and concentrated under reduced pressure.
After recrystallization from ethanol, 100 g of 2-(3',4'-dimethoxy-phenyl)-indole were obtained. M.P.: 190° -192° C. Yield: 40%.
To a solution of 223 g (1 mol) of 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methyl-phenyl)-indole, prepared as in Example 1, in 1200 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide, were added at a temperature of 90° C 65 g (1.2 mol) of sodium methylate and then, drop-by-drop, 170 g (1.2 mol) of methyl iodide.
After the end of the operation of addition, the mixture was heated to 100° C for 3 hours. The reaction medium was allowed to cool and the crude product was precipitated by adding water. The precipitate was taken up in ether, washed and dried. The ether was evaporated off and the product was purified by chromatography on a silica column, with benzene as eluant to give 150 g of 2-(2'-methoxy-5'-methyl-phenyl)-indole. M.P.: 119° C. Yield: 59%.
At a temperature of 25° C. 54 g (1 mol) of sodium methylate and 170 g (1.2 mol) of methyl iodide were added to a solution of 223 g (1 mol) of 2-(2'-hydroxy-4'-methyl-phenyl)-indole, prepared as in Example 1, in 1200 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide. The solution was then stirred for 2 hours and the crude product was precipitated by adding water. After recrystallization from benzene, 166 g of 2-(2'-methoxy-4'-methyl-phenyl)-indole were obtained. M.P.: 125° C. Yield: 70%.
To a mixture of 50 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide and 1.23 g (0.022 mol) of potassium hydroxide, were added 4.8 g (0.02 mol) of 2-(3'-methoxy-4'-hydroxy-phenyl)-indole, prepared as described in Example 4, and the reaction medium was heated to a temperature of 50° C. Over a period of 10 minutes, 4.68 g (0.03 mol) of ethyl iodide were added and the whole was heated to 60° C for two hours. After cooling, the reaction medium was poured into water and extracted with ether. The ethereal phase was washed with water until neutrality, dried and concentrated under reduced pressure.
After recrystallization from toluene, 3.06 g of 2-(3'-methoxy-4'-ethoxy-phenyl)-indole were obtained. M.P.: 177° C. Yield: 60%.
Over a period of 15 minutes, 23.9 g (0.1 mole) of 2-(3'-methoxy-4'-hydroxy-phenyl)-indole, prepared as described in Example 8, were added to a mixture of 120 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide and 6.75 g (0.125 mol) of sodium methylate. The mixture was stirred for 15 minutes after which 25.6 g (0.1 mol) of 1-chloro-dodecane were added over a period of 15 minutes. The reaction medium was then heated to a temperature of 130° C and was stirred at this temperature for 3 hours. After cooling, the reaction medium was poured into water and the pecipitate which formed was filtered out and washed with water until neutrality.
After two successive recrystallizations in ethanol, 20 g of 2-(3'-methoxy-4'-n-dodecyloxy-phenyl)-indole were obtained. M.P.: 104° C. Yield: 50%.
By following the same procedure but using the appropriate starting-products, the following compounds were prepared:
______________________________________
Compound Melting Point
______________________________________
2-(3'methoxy-4'-n-butyloxy-phenyl)-indole
140° C
(Ethanol)
2-(3'methoxy-4'-n-propyloxy-phenyl)-indole
138° C
(Ethanol, then
acetone)
2-(3'methoxy-4'-isopropyloxy-phenyl)-
139° C
indole (Ethanol, then
acetone)
2-(3',4'-diethoxy-phenyl)-indole
163° C
(Benzene, then
ethanol)
2-(3'-benzyloxy-4'-methoxy-phenyl)-indole
174° C
(Ethanol)
2-(3'-methyl-4'-n-dodecyloxy-phenyl)-indole
112° C
(Hexane)
2-(3'-methyl-4'-benzyloxy-phenyl)-indole
184° C
(Ethanol, then
acetone)
2-(3'-methoxy-4'-benzyloxy-phenyl)-indole
157° C
(Toluene)
2-(3',4'-methylenedioxy-phenyl)-indole
191° C
(Methanol)
2-(3',4'-ethylenedioxy-phenyl)-indole
190° C
(Methanol)
______________________________________
A solution of 1800 ml of benzene containing 237 g (1 mol) of 2-(2'-methyl-4'-methoxy-phenyl)-indole, prepared as in Example 2 and 300 g (2.25 mols) of chloride was refluxed for 2 hours. The reaction medium was cooled and extracted with ether. The ethereal phase was washed until neutrality and dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate.
The ether was evaporated off and, after recrystallization from benzene, 167 g of 2-(2'-methyl-4'-hydroxy-phenyl)-indole were obtained. M.P.: 106° C. Yield : 75%.
By the above procedure but using the appropriate starting-products, the following compounds were prepared:
______________________________________
Compound Melting Point
______________________________________
2-(3'-methyl-4'-hydroxy-phenyl)-indole
222° C
(Recrystallization
from
ethanol-water 95/5)
2-(3'-n-dodecyl-4'-hydroxy-phenyl)-indole
115° C
(Benzene)
2-(3'-isopropyl-4'-hydroxy-phenyl)-indole
195° C
(Benzene)
2-(3',4'-dihydroxy-phenyl)-indole
236° C
(Methanol)
2-(3'-cyclohexyl-4'-hydroxy-phenyl)-indole
161° C
(Benzene/heptane)
2-(3',5'-dimethyl-4'-hydroxy-phenyl)-indole
254° C
(Ethanol)
______________________________________
Claims (3)
1. Compositions comprising homopolymers and co-polymers of vinyl chloride containing a stabilizing amount of at least one stabilizer of the formula ##STR6## wherein R1 and R2, which are the same or different, each represent a branched- or straight-chain alkyloxy group containing from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a benzyloxy radical, a hydroxy radical or R1 and R2 represent together an alkylenedioxy radical containing from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, R3 represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl or methoxy radical.
2. Compositions as claimed in claim 1 which contain the said stabilizer in a proportion of 0.1% to 1% by weight.
3. Alcohols made from the compositions as claimed in claim 1 which are useful for the manufacture of packaging and containers for food and drink.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR7419304A FR2273841A1 (en) | 1974-06-05 | 1974-06-05 | NEW STABILIZERS FOR POLYMERS AND COPOLYMERS OF VINYL CHLORIDE |
| US05/582,092 US4024155A (en) | 1974-06-05 | 1975-05-30 | 2-(3'-Methoxy-4'-hydroxy-phenol)-indole |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/580,092 Continuation US4028661A (en) | 1975-05-22 | 1975-05-22 | Pager subsystems |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US4096112A true US4096112A (en) | 1978-06-20 |
Family
ID=26218361
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/582,092 Expired - Lifetime US4024155A (en) | 1974-06-05 | 1975-05-30 | 2-(3'-Methoxy-4'-hydroxy-phenol)-indole |
| US05/755,335 Expired - Lifetime US4096112A (en) | 1974-06-05 | 1976-12-29 | 2-Phenyl-indole derivative stabilizers for PVC resins |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/582,092 Expired - Lifetime US4024155A (en) | 1974-06-05 | 1975-05-30 | 2-(3'-Methoxy-4'-hydroxy-phenol)-indole |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US4024155A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4209439A (en) * | 1977-10-14 | 1980-06-24 | Labaz | Stabilization of vinyl resins |
| US4209440A (en) * | 1977-10-28 | 1980-06-24 | Labaz | Associations for stabilizing vinyl resins |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4024155A (en) * | 1974-06-05 | 1977-05-17 | Labaz | 2-(3'-Methoxy-4'-hydroxy-phenol)-indole |
| FR2304606A1 (en) * | 1975-03-21 | 1976-10-15 | Labaz | NEW STABILIZERS FOR POLYMERS AND COPOLYMERS OF VINYL CHLORIDE |
| FR2358395A2 (en) * | 1976-07-15 | 1978-02-10 | Labaz | NEW DERIVATIVES OF PHENYL-2 INDOLE USEFUL AS STABILIZERS OF POLYMERS AND COPOLYMERS OF VINYL CHLORIDE |
| JPS6160648A (en) * | 1984-08-31 | 1986-03-28 | Teikoku Hormone Mfg Co Ltd | 2-(3,5-dialkyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)indole derivative |
| US5428052A (en) * | 1984-09-19 | 1995-06-27 | Centre Internationale De Recherches Dermatologiques (C.I.R.D.) | Aromatic heterocyclic derivatives and their therapeutic and cosmetic use |
| DE4010188A1 (en) * | 1990-03-30 | 1991-10-02 | Basf Ag | STABILIZED POLYARYLETHERKETONE MOLDS |
| FR2811324B1 (en) * | 2000-07-04 | 2003-08-29 | Rhodia Chimie Sa | STABILIZATION OF HALOGENATED POLYMERS BY MEANS OF PYRROLES OR DERIVATIVES AND COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING THEM |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3781279A (en) * | 1971-02-23 | 1973-12-25 | Sterling Drug Inc | Stilbene optical brighteners |
| US3888818A (en) * | 1972-09-08 | 1975-06-10 | Solvay | Thermal stabilization of vinyl resins with derivatives of alpha-phenylindole |
| US4024155A (en) * | 1974-06-05 | 1977-05-17 | Labaz | 2-(3'-Methoxy-4'-hydroxy-phenol)-indole |
-
1975
- 1975-05-30 US US05/582,092 patent/US4024155A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1976
- 1976-12-29 US US05/755,335 patent/US4096112A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3781279A (en) * | 1971-02-23 | 1973-12-25 | Sterling Drug Inc | Stilbene optical brighteners |
| US3888818A (en) * | 1972-09-08 | 1975-06-10 | Solvay | Thermal stabilization of vinyl resins with derivatives of alpha-phenylindole |
| US4024155A (en) * | 1974-06-05 | 1977-05-17 | Labaz | 2-(3'-Methoxy-4'-hydroxy-phenol)-indole |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| CA vol. 49 (1955) p. 9001i - Woodard et al. * |
| CA vol. 54, pp. 9883-9884 (1960) - Bruce. * |
| CA vol. 59 (1963) p. 11434c - Szmuszkovicz. * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4209439A (en) * | 1977-10-14 | 1980-06-24 | Labaz | Stabilization of vinyl resins |
| US4209440A (en) * | 1977-10-28 | 1980-06-24 | Labaz | Associations for stabilizing vinyl resins |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US4024155A (en) | 1977-05-17 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: SANOFI Free format text: CERTIFIED COPY OF MERGER BY NOTARY,PARIS, FRANCE SHOWING MERGER OF ASSIGNORS AND CHANGE OF NAME OF THE SURVIVING CORPORATION FILED ON DECEMBER 29, 1979 AND OCTOBER 21, 1980. (IN FRENCH WITH ENGLISH TRANSLATION ATTACHED.;ASSIGNORS:LABAZ COMPANY (INTO);OMNIUM FINANCIER AQUITAINE POUR L HYGIENE ET LA SANTE (CHANGED TO);REEL/FRAME:004343/0123 Effective date: 19840605 |