US407912A - weber - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 1. A. WEBER.

FURNACE FOR BURNING BONE BL AGK. No. 407,912. Patented July 30, 1889.

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5 Sheets- Sheet 2.

R E B E W a d 0 M 0 m FURNACE FOR BURNINGBONE BLACK.

No. 407,912. Patented July 30, 1889.

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WITNESSES N4 PEYERS. Phmo-Lhhognphur. Washington, D C.

5 SheetsSheet 3.

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A. WEBER. PURNAGE FOR BURNING BONE BLACK. No. 407,912..

Patented July 80, 1889 WITNESSES: MAL \v; M

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(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 4. A. WEBER.

FURNACE FOR. BURNING BONE BLAUK.

No. 407,912. Patented July 30, 1889.

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WITNESSES:

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(No Mode 1.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 5.

- V A. WEBER.

FURNACE FOR BURNIEG BONE BLACK.

No. 407,912. Patented July 30, 1889..

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ADAM VEBER, OF NE\V YORK, N. Y.

FURNACE FOR BURNING BONE-BLACK.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Pater No. 407,912, dated July 30, 1889.

Application filed October 9, 1888. Serial No, 287,645. (No model.)

To ctZZ whom it may concern- Be it known that I, ADAM VEBER, of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Furnaces for Burning Bone-Black, of which the following is a specification.

This invention has reference to an improved furnace or kiln for burning bone-black, which is constructed on the regenerative system and heated by means of gas generated in a separate furnace, which gas is mixed and burned with highly-heated air; and the invention consists of a bone-black kiln, in the con1bustion-chamber of which are arranged rows of retorts, said retorts being provided with projecting lugs at the sides and inner ends and connected by transverse saddle tiles which rest on the inner lugs, while vertical division-blocks abut against the opposite ends of the retorts and hold the same in position. The division-blocks are supported on projecting tiles near the bottom of the kiln, so that the gases of combustion are drawn through fines formed below said blocks into fines formed between the ends of the retorts and the divisionblocks into Hues located in the side walls of the kiln.

The invention consists, further, of rows of retorts arranged in the combustion-chamber of the kiln, said retorts being supported in sockets or flanges made integral with the cast-metal bottom plates of the combnstionchamber and connected with feed-hoppers supported above the kiln by inclined feedpipes having regulating-slides, and with coolers located vertically below the retorts and provided with dampers at their lower ends.

The invention consists, further, of a series of retorts located in the combustion-chamber of the kiln and provided with mouth-pieces at the upper ends of the retorts, said mouthpieces having transverse partitions which form spaces at one side of the mouth-pieces, which are connected by inclined pipes with the hydraulic mains.

The invention consists, next, of a series of retorts located in the combustion-chamber of the kiln, a gasgenerating furnace located in front of the kiln and provided with a rear channel or throat, hydraulic mains located at both sides of the kiln, tubes connecting the mouth-pieces of the retorts with said hydraulic mains, pipes leading from the hydraulic mains to a saturator, and gas-return pipes leading from the saturator to the kiln and terminating in the side openings of the throat of the gas-generating furnace.

The invention consists, further, in additional details of construction and combination of parts, which will be fully described hereinafter, and finally pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents a side elevation of my improved furnace for burning bone-black. Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section of the same on line a: 00, Figs. at and 5. Fig. 3 is a vertical transverse section on line y y, Fig. at. Fig. 4 is a horizontal section on line 2' 2, Fig. 2; and Fig. 5 is also a horizontal section on line k, Figs. 2 and 3.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

My improved f nrnace consists of two main partsa gas-generating furnace A, which is arranged in front of and with its greater part below the level of the bottom of the furnace or kiln B, within which one or more rows or series of vertical retorts O C are arranged, and a central combustion-chamber B, which extends longitudinally between the retorts through the kiln B.

The gas-generating furnace A may be of any approved construction, it being preferably provided at its base With a grate and a step-shaped fire-pot and at the top with an opening closed by a cover, to which opening the fuel is supplied at regular intervals. The upper part of the gas-generating furnace A connects by a rearwardly-extending channel or throat Cl, with the lower part of the furnace or kiln B, the channel a being provided in its side walls with lateral channels a, through which the highly-heated air is introduced, so as to be mingled with the carbonicoXide gas produced in the gas-generatin g furnace A. The air is drawn in at the front and near the base of the gas-generating furnace A an d heated up by being passed through a system of zigzag flues that are located in.the side walls of the gas-generating furnace A and connected at their upper ends with the lateral channels a in the side walls of the channel or throat a. v

The construction of the gas-generating furnace and arrangement of the airheating fines in the same are well known and form no part of my present invention.

The bone-black retorts O O are made of refractory material and supported on a bottom, which is made of cast-iron sections or plates 0, that are supported like the side walls of the furnace on double T-beams placed on upright columns. The retorts are of oval shape and provided at the inner ends and sides with projections d cl, which are made integral with the retorts, the projections d at the sides being made to alternate with each other andabut against the projections of the ad-- joining retorts. The projections d serve for keeping the retorts at the proper distance from each other, so as to permit the fire-gases to pass freely between the same. The projections d at the inner ends of the retorts serve for supporting arched saddle-tiles G which act like braces on the retorts and prevent the bulging and cracking of the same while being exposed in charged condition to the heat of the kiln. The lower ends of the retorts C are supported in sockets or flanges b, which are cast integral with the bottom plates C, the lower ends of the retorts being set on and packed by suitable fluxing material, so as to produce the air-tight connect-ion between the sockets b and the retorts O. The bottom plates 0' are protected at their upper surface with one or more layers of refractory material, so as to prevent the radiation of heat to the outside. The opposite ends of the retorts O are supported along their whole length by division-blocks C the edges of which abut against the retorts, as shown in Fig. 4.

The lower ends of the division-blocks 0 rest near the bottom of the kiln B on in wardly-projecting tiles e, which are built into the side walls of the kiln B, as shown in Fig. 3. Between the division-blocks C vertical flues (J are formed, through which the heat is drawn up, the lower ends of said flues communicating near the bottom of the kiln with the spaces below the tiles 6 e. The firegases are drawn from the arched top of the combustion-chamber downwardly in a diagonal direction betweenthe retorts to the spaces below the tiles 6 and into the lower ends. of the flues C The fire-gases are then drawn up in the fines 0 along the ends of the retorts, so as to heat the entire surface of the retorts from the bottom to the top in a uniform manner. From the upright fiues C the gases pass through lateral side flues G into main flues 0 provided with sliding dampers 0 so as to regulate the draft and subject thereby all'the retorts to a uniform degree of from the main fines to the chimneys G which latter are also provided with dampers C", which serve to regulate theheat in the kiln after the temperature of the kiln has been raised to the required degree, and regulated by means of the lower dampers.

The retorts next adjoining the front and rear walls of the kiln abut by their lugs d against lugs d in said walls, which lugs serve, in connection with the side lugs of the retorts, the saddle-tiles, and the vertical division-blocks C to support all the retorts firmly and reliably in the kiln, so that they are not liable to bulge or crack by the pressure of the material charged in the same. They are thereby protected against injurious cracks, while smaller cracks can be readily closed by suitable fiuxing material without stopping the operation of the kiln.

The upper ends of the retorts are provided with cast-iron mouth-pieces D, which are closed by covers D, that are tightly bolted thereto. The covers D communicate by means of cast-iron sockets D with feed-pipes D which are connected with bottom openings of supply-hoppers E, that are located above the kiln. The crushed bones are charged into the supply-hoppers by means of suitable hoisting devices and are fed gradually to the retorts. The supply-openings of the hoppers E are provided with supply-regulating slides f, by which the hoppers can be entirely closed off from the conductingspipes whenever the supply of bones is to be interrupted for the purpose of making repairs.

The hoppers E have to be of sufficient height 3 The covers D of the retorts are further I provided with small eye-holes, through which the condition of the change in the retorts can be observed. These holes are closed by tightlyfitting plugs f, so as to prevent the air from entering at the moutlrpieces of the retorts.

To the bottom plates of the kiln vertically below the retorts are attachedcast-iron extensions or coolers D which are flanged at their upper ends and bolted in an air-tight manner to the under surface of the cast-iron bottom plates C. The lower ends of the coolers D are provided with sliding dampers C through which the bone-black is discharged at proper intervals 'into suitable receivers, which are placed below the same. The dampers D slide in air-tight guideways at the lower ends of the coolers D so that the access of air is entirely prevented, and thereby the charge of bone-black in the kiln prevented from being injured. This is absolutely necessary, as the gases of distillation in the retorts are drawn off by means of an exhauster, which requires that all the joints between the retorts and the kiln, and between the coolers and the bottom plates 0, and between the lower ends of the coolers if j m and thedampers D must be absolutely airtight for producing the proper and reliable working of the retorts. The dampers at the lower ends of the coolers are operated either by an attendant or automatically by suitable mechanism, so as to discharge the bone-black in small quantity at proper intervals of time. As soon as a quantity of bone-black is dis charged at the lower ends of the coolers, a corresponding quantity of bones is fed through the feed-pipes D into the upper ends of the retorts, and in this manner the desired intermittent feed is kept up by gravity.

The mouth-pieces D of the retorts are provided with transverse partition-walls g, which are bolted onto the cover, so as to form spaces g at one side of the same, into which the gases of distillation are drawn, said partitionwalls serving to prevent the bones from filling up these spaces.

To the partition-walls of the covers of the retorts are attached fixed castiron perforated tubes 0*, which are used whenever the bones are crushed very finely, so as to prevent the choking of the material in the retorts and facilitate the free escape of .the gases of distillation leading from the retorts to the hydraulic mains. Forburning coarsely-crushed bones the perforated tubes O are not re quired.

The air-spaces are connected by downwardly-inclined tubes 9 with vertical pipes 9 which are connected to a hydraulic main F, of which one is arranged at each side of the kiln B and supported on suitable framework. The heavy liquid products of distillationsuch as tar, &c.'are collected in the hydraulic mains, while the gaseous products are drawn off from the same by an exhauster through pipes F to a condenser and saturator, (notshown in the drawings,) in which latter'the remaining liquid products of distillation are separated from the gaseous products, the latter being reconducted by pipes F and lateral supply-channels 9 located in the side walls of the gas channel or throat Ct, into the kiln, as shown clearly in Figs. 1 and 5. This separation and recondueting of the combustible gases of distillation and the utilization of the same in the furnace form another essential feature of the present invention and adds thereby to the economic results obtainedin working the kiln. The return-gases of distillation mingle in the gas-channel or throat a with the gases generated in thefurnaceA and are burn edwith the same, so as to be utilized in heating the retorts. The tar obtained from the hydraulic mains, condensers, and saturator is also burned in the furnace by being introduced by a suitably hydrocarbon-inj ector of any approved construction in a spray into the gasgenerating furnace, so that the quantity of fuel required for heating the kiln is considerably reduced and a comparatively large saving in fuel obtained. Only a small quantity of fuel is required in the gas-generating furnace, which is kept atincandescence, and which is gases around all the sides of the retorts the same are kept at uniform heat over their whole length and surface; thirdly, that a considerable saving is obtained in fuel consumed, owing to the utilization of the gaseous and liquid products of distillation; fonrthly, that a considerable saving in labor is obtained by the quick and convenient manner of drawing the bone-black from the coolers and by the gravity feed of the bones in the upper parts of the retorts.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent 1. In a bone-black kiln, the combination, with rows or series of retorts arranged in the same, said retorts being provided with projecting lugs at the sides and inner ends, of transverse saddle-tiles resting on the inner lugs and vertical division-blocks abutting against the opposite ends of the retorts, substantially as set forth.

2. In a bone-black kiln, the combination of the combustion-chamber, rows of retorts in the same, vertical division-blocks abutting against the ends of the retorts, projecting tiles near the bottom of the kiln for supporting said blocks, fines formed below said blocks, fines formed between the ends of the retorts and the division-blocks, and fines located in the side walls of the kiln and communicating with the fines between the division-blocks, substantially as set forth.

'3. In a bone-black kiln, the combination of the combustion-chamber, rows of retorts in the same, said retorts having abutting side lugs, and transverse saddle-tiles resting on lugs at the inner ends of the retorts, substantially as set forth.

4. The combination of a bone-black furnace or kiln having castmetal bottom plates provided With sockets or flanges integral therewith, retorts supported in said sockets, hoppers supported above the kiln, inclined feed-pipes connecting the bottom of the hoppers with the heads of the retorts, regulatingslides for said feed-pipes,,and coolers located vertically below the retorts and provided with dampers at their lower ends, substantially as set forth.

5. The combination, in a bone-black furnace or kiln, of a series of retorts located in the same, mouth-pieces at the upper ends of the retorts, provided with transverse partitions forming spaces at one side thereof, inclined pipes communicating with said spaces, and hydraulic mains connected with said pipes, substantially as set forth.

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6. In a bone-black kiln, the combination" of the retorts located in the same, monthpieces at the heads of the retorts, transverse draulic mains, pipes leading from the hydraulic mains to a saturator, and gas-return pipes leading from the saturator to the kiln and connecting With supply-openings in the throat of the gas-generating furnace, substantially as set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I have signed my name in presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

ADAM XVEBER.

Witnesses:

PAUL GoEPEL, J NO. GOLDSTEIN.

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