US4049468A - Solid electrolyte cell - Google Patents

Solid electrolyte cell Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US4049468A
US4049468A US05/545,222 US54522275A US4049468A US 4049468 A US4049468 A US 4049468A US 54522275 A US54522275 A US 54522275A US 4049468 A US4049468 A US 4049468A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
sub
active material
cathodic
electrolyte
cell according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US05/545,222
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Yuzuru Ito
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Seiko Instruments Inc
Original Assignee
Seiko Instruments Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Seiko Instruments Inc filed Critical Seiko Instruments Inc
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US4049468A publication Critical patent/US4049468A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M6/18—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with solid electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a solid electrolyte cells and more particularly to cells having ⁇ -alumina as the electrolyte.
  • the solid electrolyte cells of the kind using ⁇ -alumina as the electrolyte have recently been proposed for use, because of their long shelf life, higher generating voltage per small area and relative freedom from leakage of the internal solvent.
  • electrolyte cells have not been commercialized as they do not have sufficient efficiency at the room temperature.
  • the object of this invention is to provide a solid electrolyte cell which provides stable discharge currents not only at room temperature but at lower temperatures as well.
  • the pellet of cathode active material having water of crystallization is disposed in contact with the surface of the ⁇ -alumina solid electrolyte and a very small amount of an aqueous solution of an inorganic acid is interposed in the area of contact between the electrolyte and the pellet.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross sectional view of the cell according to this invention
  • FIG. 2 shows discharge characteristics comparing a cell having no aqueous solution of inorganic acid with the cell according to this invention.
  • reference numeral 1 denotes the solid electrolyte ⁇ -alumina, and anode can 2 is adhered on it.
  • Anode can 2 is filled with anodic active material 3, for example sodium metal, and the filled anode can 2 is sealed by anode cap 4 with adhesive or metal paste or by welding or solder.
  • the sodium anode material 3 is cut into proper size from a block of sodium. This filling of anode can 2 with sodium is done in a dry-box from which air is exhausted and replaced by dry argon gas of high purity.
  • Cathodic-active material 5 is preferably divided into two layers 5A and 5B.
  • One layer is a mixture of cupric sulfatepentahydrate (CuSO 4 ,5H 2 O) and graphite in a weight ratio of 90:10
  • the other layer 5B is a mixture of cupric sulfate-trihydrate (CuSO 4 3H 2 O) and graphite in a weight ratio of 80:10
  • the former layer 5A is disposed in contact with the solid electrolyte layer 1 of ⁇ -alumina.
  • the copper salts are available commercially in the powdered state.
  • the cathode-active material may be either of the hydrated salts or an admixture thereof but the two discrete layers are preferred.
  • Cathode can 6 is adhered on the opposed side of ⁇ -alumina layer 1. After filling the cathode-active material 5A and 5B into the cathode can 6, the can is sealed with cathode cover 7 by means of an adhesive, a metal paste, welding or solder.
  • the powdered cathode-active materials are each compressed into pellets of suitable size for fitting into the cathode can by press working at pressures of about 4ton/cm 2 .
  • the diameter of the pellet is 9mm, and the thickness is 2-3mm.
  • the cathode-active material pellet is abraded on the surface of the ⁇ -alumina solid electrolyte with which it will be contact and then a very small amount about 10 ⁇ l (micro liters) of an aqueous solution of 50 percent sulfuric acid is suffused or dripped onto said surface to moisten it.
  • the cathode pellet is then positioned juxtaposed to said electrolyte and sealed thereto.
  • FIG. 2 shows the discharge characteristics with a 50K ⁇ load, resistor, comparing, at various temperatures, a cell having no solution of inorganic acid at the interface and the cell according to this invention.
  • aqueous acid added at the interface is not critical provided that it merely moistens the interfaces between the cathode and the solid electrolyte. Excess amounts which will substantially dissolve the cathodic material or will cause leakage and reaction with the metallic sodium anode should be avoided.
  • the cathode-active material is admixed with graphite, conductive carbon or another electrolytically inert conductive material such as powdered inert metal in order to improve the conductivity of said cathode material.
  • graphite conductive carbon
  • another electrolytically inert conductive material such as powdered inert metal
  • Additional suitable cathode active material for this invention and having water of crystallization include:
  • inorganic acids suitable for wetting the interface between the solid electrolyte and the cathode active material are:
  • the solid ⁇ -alumina electrolyte for this invention is made by a hot pressing technique.
  • One method of preparing suitable ⁇ -alumina solid electrolyte elements includes the following steps:
  • Gamma-alumina or alpha-alumina is mixed with sodium aluminate (NaA10 2 ) in methanol or other nonaqueous solvent for the aluminate.
  • the ratio of the former and the later is about 78 weight percent to 22 weight percent.
  • this mixture is ground into slurry.
  • the diameter of the solid particles in the slurry is preferably less than three microns at this stage.
  • This re-ground material is pre-baked at the temperature of 1200°-1400° C. for about 5 hours or more.
  • This dried material is heated to a temperature of 1200°-1600° C. and maintained at a pressure of 150 -250 kg/cm 2 for at least 1 hour. The pressure is then released and the so-heat treated material is hot pressed under the following conditions:
  • the hot pressed beta-alumina made by above steps is cut to form solid electrolyte pellets or elements having appropriate sizes.
  • These elements are further treated at a temperature of about 1600° C. for at least 2 hours before cooling and assembling into cells.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Primary Cells (AREA)
US05/545,222 1973-11-16 1975-01-29 Solid electrolyte cell Expired - Lifetime US4049468A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP48129014A JPS5078829A (US06605200-20030812-C00035.png) 1973-11-16 1973-11-16
JA48-129014 1973-11-16

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US4049468A true US4049468A (en) 1977-09-20

Family

ID=14999017

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US05/545,222 Expired - Lifetime US4049468A (en) 1973-11-16 1975-01-29 Solid electrolyte cell

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US4049468A (US06605200-20030812-C00035.png)
JP (1) JPS5078829A (US06605200-20030812-C00035.png)
GB (1) GB1442948A (US06605200-20030812-C00035.png)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4166009A (en) * 1974-07-03 1979-08-28 National Research Development Corporation Method for detecting elements
US4268587A (en) * 1977-10-11 1981-05-19 General Electric Company Solid state, ambient temperature electrochemical cell

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2925383A1 (de) * 1978-06-29 1980-01-03 Ebauches Sa Elektrochemische energiequelle

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2793244A (en) * 1954-05-11 1957-05-21 Gen Electric Solid electrolyte cells and batteries
US3736186A (en) * 1971-06-16 1973-05-29 Mallory & Co Inc P R Separator and electrolyte material for solid electrolyte battery systems
US3769089A (en) * 1970-07-08 1973-10-30 Philips Corp Primary electrochemical cell
US3824130A (en) * 1972-11-02 1974-07-16 Mallory & Co Inc P R Cathode material for solid state batteries
US3909296A (en) * 1973-11-22 1975-09-30 Seiko Instr & Electronics Solid electrolyte cell

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2793244A (en) * 1954-05-11 1957-05-21 Gen Electric Solid electrolyte cells and batteries
US3769089A (en) * 1970-07-08 1973-10-30 Philips Corp Primary electrochemical cell
US3736186A (en) * 1971-06-16 1973-05-29 Mallory & Co Inc P R Separator and electrolyte material for solid electrolyte battery systems
US3824130A (en) * 1972-11-02 1974-07-16 Mallory & Co Inc P R Cathode material for solid state batteries
US3909296A (en) * 1973-11-22 1975-09-30 Seiko Instr & Electronics Solid electrolyte cell

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4166009A (en) * 1974-07-03 1979-08-28 National Research Development Corporation Method for detecting elements
US4268587A (en) * 1977-10-11 1981-05-19 General Electric Company Solid state, ambient temperature electrochemical cell

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1442948A (en) 1976-07-14
JPS5078829A (US06605200-20030812-C00035.png) 1975-06-26

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3567515A (en) Electrochemical cell containing sulfur dioxide as the cathode depolarizer
EP2417656B1 (en) Thermal battery cathode materials and batteries including same
US5281497A (en) Low mercury or mercury free alkaline manganese dioxide-zinc cell
US4085259A (en) Light metal galvanic element
EP2417658B1 (en) Thermal battery electrolyte compositions, electrode-electrolyte composites, and batteries including the same
US3006980A (en) Printed battery
US2993946A (en) Primary cells
US4596752A (en) Electrochemical cell structures and materials therefor
US5549991A (en) Aluminum permanganate battery
US4800052A (en) Method of fabricating molten carbonate cathodes
EP1506584B1 (en) Oxazoline surfactant anode additive for alkaline electrochemical cells
US4049468A (en) Solid electrolyte cell
US3998658A (en) High voltage organic electrolyte batteries
US3970473A (en) Solid state electrochemical cell
KR830001226B1 (ko) 감극제 제조방법
US3902922A (en) Conductive coated vented cathode collector for thin flat cells
US2814664A (en) Electric current producing cell
US2597451A (en) Primary cell
US3977899A (en) Solid electrolyte cell
US3040114A (en) Primary battery cell
US4490446A (en) Prevention of overpressurization of lithium-thionyl chloride battery cells
US2597456A (en) Primary cell
US3532554A (en) Cell with peroxymonosulfate depolarizer
US3591418A (en) Electrochemical cell for thermal batteries having transition metal fluoride cathode with metal and an alkali metal fluoride electrolyte
US3088991A (en) Electric current producing cell