US4023950A - Method and apparatus for melting and processing glass - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for melting and processing glass Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4023950A US4023950A US05/572,359 US57235975A US4023950A US 4023950 A US4023950 A US 4023950A US 57235975 A US57235975 A US 57235975A US 4023950 A US4023950 A US 4023950A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- glass
- distributor
- batch
- channel
- chamber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/24—Automatically regulating the melting process
- C03B5/245—Regulating the melt or batch level, depth or thickness
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/08—Bushings, e.g. construction, bushing reinforcement means; Spinnerettes; Nozzles; Nozzle plates
- C03B37/081—Indirect-melting bushings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/08—Bushings, e.g. construction, bushing reinforcement means; Spinnerettes; Nozzles; Nozzle plates
- C03B37/085—Feeding devices therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/08—Bushings, e.g. construction, bushing reinforcement means; Spinnerettes; Nozzles; Nozzle plates
- C03B37/09—Bushings, e.g. construction, bushing reinforcement means; Spinnerettes; Nozzles; Nozzle plates electrically heated
- C03B37/091—Indirect-resistance heating
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and arrangement for melting and processing glass to a high degree of refinement suitable for attenuation to fibers or filaments and more particularly to a method and arrangement having a limited production capacity for processing glass to supply a highly refined glass to a single stream feeder or bushing or a small number of stream feeders or bushings for the production of special runs or limited quantities of textile fibers or filaments where it would be uneconomical to employ a conventional melting and refining furnace and forehearth construction of substantial capacity.
- Comparatively small combination melter and feeder constructions have been used for melting marbles or pieces of prerefined glass and streams of the glass attenuated to fibers but in such processes the starting material is glass which has previously been processed through a melting and refining furnace of conventional construction in forming the glass marbles.
- the invention embraces a method of feeding glass batch into a comparatively small melter or chamber and flowing glass from the melter into a distributor or channel in which further refinement of the glass occurs and glass from the distributor or channel fed to one or more stream feeders or bushings for discharging streams of the glass which are attenuated to fibers or filaments.
- Another object of the invention resides in the provision of a facility of small capacity for melting glass batch and processing and refining the glass in a distributor to provide a highly refined glass suitable for attenuation to textile filaments.
- Another object of the invention resides in a compact inexpensive apparatus of comparatively small capacity for melting glass batch and refining the glass for forming fibers or filaments which is adapted to accommodate small production runs or test runs of special or particular glasses with a minimum expenditure of heat energy, the refined glass being comparable in quality to glass processed and refined in a conventional furnace of large capacity.
- Another object of the invention resides in a glass melting and processing method and facility particularly adapted to melt and process glass for attenuation to fibers or filaments in which the feeding of the glass batch and the melting of the batch are controlled and in which the amount of glass in the facility is at a minumum, being sufficient to supply the requirements of one or more stream feeders so that there is a minimum waste of glass when it is desired to change from one glass composition to another.
- Another object of the invention resides in the provision of a method of processing glass wherein molten glass is delivered into a distributor or flow channel in which the molten glass is processed to a high degree of refinement suitable for attenuation to fine textile filaments and wherein the distributor or channel is vented at its end zones to facilitate the discharge of gases.
- FIG. 1 is a semischematic longitudinal sectional view of a melting and distributing arrangement of the invention for processing glass
- FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of a feeder for flowing glass from a melter
- FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken substantially on the line 3--3 of FIG. 1.
- the apparatus or arrangement for carrying out the method of the invention is inclusive of a glass batch feeding arrangement 10, a batch melting facility 12 and a glass refining and distributing apparatus 14.
- the refined glass is conveyed by the distributor to one or more glass stream feeder units 16 from which flow streams of glass which are attenuated into continuous filaments by winding a strand of the filaments into a package on a winding machine 20.
- the batch feeding arrangement 10 includes a container or hopper 22 supported by suitable means (not shown) and contains a supply of glass batch. Associated with the hopper 22 is a batch feeding and metering means which includes an electrically-energizable variable speed motor 24. The lower end of the hopper is provided with a discharge opening 26 and disposed above the opening 26 and mounted in journal bearings (not shown) is a batch feeder 27 including a shaft 28 provided with batch feeding radial vanes or blades 30.
- the shaft 31 of the motor 24 is equipped with a sprocket 32 and shaft 28 is equipped with a sprocket 34, the sprockets being connected by a chain 35.
- Rotation of the shaft 28 and radial vanes 30 by the motor 24 meters or feeds the glass batch material through the opening 26 into the melting facility 12 at a rate controlled by the speed of the motor 24.
- the melter 12 includes a refractory wall structure 37 mounted by structural support members 38. Supported upon the refractory construction 37 is a second member 39 of refractory, the refractory construction 39 defining a walled entrance region 40 to receive batch material 42 in comminuted form from the rotary batch feeder 27.
- the refractory construction 37 is configurated to provide a melting chamber or space 45 in registration with the entrance region 40 provided by the refractory 39.
- the chamber 45 is provided with a lining 47 fashioned of high temperature resistant material such as an alloy containing platinum. Disposed in the upper region of the chamber 45 is an electric current conducting member, heater strip or heater screen 49 of rectangular shape provided with a substantial number of small perforations to facilitate flow of molten glass through the strip.
- the heater strip 49 is fashioned with laterally extending portions 50 which are engaged with electric current conducting terminal blocks or bus bars 52 whereby heat developed by current flow through the strip 49 reduces the glass batch to a molten condition.
- the heater strip 49 is electrically insulated from the metal liner 47 by members 54 of insulating material.
- the convergently arranged walls 56 of the liner 47 are joined at their lower ends with wall portions 57 which are in registration with the walls of a feeder, chamber or member 60 disposed beneath or below the chamber 45.
- the feeder or member 60 is of rectangular configuration and receives molten glass from the melting chamber 45.
- the end walls of the stream feeder or chamber 60 are provided with terminal lugs or blocks 62 to which electric energy is supplied for controlling the temperature and hence viscosity of the molten glass in the feeder 60.
- the floor of the feeder at its central region is provided with a depending projection 64 having an orifice or passage means through which flows a stream 66 of molten glass.
- the floor portions or regions 65 at each side of the depending projection 64 are inclined downwardly or converged toward the central region so as to promote the flow of molten glass toward the orifice or passage in the depending projection 64.
- the feeder 60 is surrounded by refractory 68 and is electrically insulated from the metal liner 47 by insulators 70.
- the circuit for controlling the melting rate of the glass batch and the flow rate of glass of the stream 66 is hereinafter described.
- a glass refining and distributing apparatus 14 Disposed beneath the melter and chamber 60 is a glass refining and distributing apparatus 14 which includes a distributor or structure 76 of refractory which is elongated and in exterior configuration resembles a conventional forehearth construction of a glass melting furnace.
- the distributor 76 includes a floor 78, a roof or cover 80, side walls 82, one of which is shown in FIG. 1, and end walls 84.
- the floor and side walls provide a channel 85 of rectangular cross section which contains molten glass 86 delivered by the stream 66 of glass from the melter and chamber 60 and conveys the glass to the stream feeders 16 arranged along the floor 78 of the structure 76.
- the melting apparatus is disposed adjacent and above one end region of the distributor channel 85.
- the roof portion 80 of the channel 85 is provided with a depending skimmer block or obstruction 88 at a mid-region of the channel 85 which extends downwardly and slightly beneath the normal level of the molten glass indicated at 87 in the channel 85 providing a restricted passage 91 for the glass in its traverse lengthwise and downstream of the channel.
- the obstruction or skimmer block 88 prevents impurities or dross from flowing to the region of delivery of glass into the stream feeder or feeders 16.
- the floor 78 of the channel construction is fashioned with a depending portion 92 at the left end region of the channel providing a recess or sump 94 which collects unmelted pieces of glass or pieces of refractory that may be carried by the stream 66 of glass into the channel.
- the opposed side walls 82 of the channel construction at the region 89 of the channel 85 at the left side of the skimmer block 88 are provided with heating means such as combustion burners 100 of conventional character for heating the glass in the channel to refine the glass as it flows toward the skimmer block 88.
- the opposed side walls 82 of the construction 76 between the skimmer block 88 and the right-hand end 84 are provided with heating means such as combustion burners 102 of conventional character for refining the glass and maintaining the molten glass at the proper temperature and viscosity for delivery of the glass into one or more glass stream feeders 16.
- heating means such as combustion burners 102 of conventional character for refining the glass and maintaining the molten glass at the proper temperature and viscosity for delivery of the glass into one or more glass stream feeders 16.
- vent stacks 105 and 106 Disposed at the respective ends of the distributor construction 76 are vent stacks 105 and 106 which are offset from the channel 85 as shown in FIG. 3. Each stack 106 has a flue or vent passage 108 which is in communication with a transverse passage 110 at each end region of the channel 85 above the level of the molten glass in the channel. Through this venting arrangement, the gases of combustion and volatiles from the glass are vented or exhausted through the stacks at each side of the skimmer block or obstruction 88.
- An enclosure means is provided for the glass stream 66 at its region of delivery into the channel 85.
- the cover 80 of the channel 85 is provided with an opening which accommodates a tubular means, tube or sleeve 112 extending downwardly and terminating below the level of the glass in the channel 85.
- the tube 112 is fashioned of platinum, an alloy of platinum or other high temperature resistant material.
- the upper end region of the tube 112 is provided with a circular flange construction 114 in which is supported an annular member 116 of refractory or other high temperature resistant material.
- the distributor construction 76 may be equipped with one or more stream feeder units or bushings 16, there being two units illustrated in FIG. 1.
- Each unit 16 includes a stream feeder or bushing 120 having a floor 122 provided with groups of orifices or passages through which flow streams 124 of glass which are attenuated into filaments 125.
- the filaments 125 of a group are converged by a shoe or member 127 into a strand or linear bundle 128 wound into a package 129 on a rotating mandrel 130 of a winding machine 20, the mandrel being rotated in a conventional manner by a motor (not shown).
- FIG. 1 While only one winding machine 20 is illustrated in FIG. 1, it is to be understood that a winding machine is provided for winding the group of filaments attenuated from streams from each of the stream feeder units 16 into a package.
- Each of the stream feeders or bushings 120 is mounted beneath the channel structure 76 and is embraced and supported by members 134 of refractory material.
- Each of the bushings 120 is in registration with a well 136 which conveys molten glass from the channel 85 into a bushing.
- the circuits for operating the glass batch feeder 10, for melting the glass in the melter 12 and for regulating the temperature and hence viscosity of the glass in the stream feeder 60 associated with the melter are illustrated schematically in FIG. 1.
- the power circuit for supplying electric energy to the melter screen or heater strip 49 for melting the glass batch includes a manually variable autotransformer 140 which is supplied with electric energy from current supply lines L1 and L2 which voltage may, for example, be 440 volts.
- the autotransformer 140 is of conventional character usually referred to as a "Variac", manufactured by General Radio Corporation, having an adjustable control element 141.
- the output of the autotransformer 140 is supplied to a voltage-reducing transformer 144 which is adapted to reduce its output voltage in a range of about three to ten volts.
- the current conductors 145 and 146 convey the low voltage current to the bus bars 52 connected with the respective ends of the heater strip 49 for melting the glass batch.
- the operator adjusts the control element 141 of the variable autotransformer 140 to attain a desired melting rate of the batch.
- the circuitry or system includes means for controlling the operation of the variable speed direct current motor 24 for regulating the feeding of the batch 42 from the hopper 22 into the melter 12.
- the motor control is responsive to the level of the glass batch above the heater strip 49 in the melter.
- the arrangement includes a metal plate 148 disposed above the unmelted batch material above the heater strip 49, the plate 148 acting as one element or conductor of a capacitor of the capacitance unit or capacitance gauge 150 which is conventional such as manufactured by Drexelbrook Engineering Company, Model 408-4002-1.
- the surface of the unmelted batch above the heater strip 49 has a lower electrical loss than air and hence the batch surface acts as the other element of the capacitor.
- the output of the capacitance gauge 150 measures the relative position of the batch level and the signal is fed to a controller 154.
- the capacitance unit 150 is supplied with current through supply lines L1a and L2a, and the controller 154 supplied with current through supply lines L1b and L2b.
- the controller 154 includes a manually adjustable set point potentiometer which is adjusted to preset the desired batch surface level or position.
- the controller 154 comprises two units.
- One unit is an amplifier such as a Reliance Model 11C-52 manufactured by Reliance Electric Company which amplifies and converts small control signals into sufficient direct current to drive the variable-speed direct current motor 24 for feeding glass batch into the melter.
- the other unit of the controller 154 is a Foxboro Model 62H controller, manufactured by Foxboro Company, which contains the set point potentiometer for rendering the batch input signal compatible with the input to the amplifier, Reliance Model 11C-52, so that the glass batch feeding motor 24 is rotated at a speed determined by the correlation of the set point signal and the batch position signal from the capacitance unit 150.
- the control system includes an arrangement for regulating the temperature of the bushing construction 60 for regulating the rate of flow of the glass stream 66 into the horizontal glass flow channel of distributor 76, the flow rate of the glass of the stream 66 being determined by the level of the glass in the channel.
- the glass level control system includes a sensor 158 embodying a tube or probe 160 extending through an opening in the roof 80 of the glass flow channel 85 into the molten glass, the sensor tube 160 being connected with an electrically-actuated air flow regulator 162, the latter being connected by a tube 164 with a low pressure air supply.
- the regulator 162 is supplied with current from supply lines L1c and L2c. A small flow of air at very low pressure is maintained through the tube 160 and the air extruded as successive bubbles from the lower end of the tube extending into the molten glass.
- the back pressure in the tube or probe 160 is reduced and the level signal is fed to the regulator 162 which transmits a signal to a silicone controlled rectifier unit 168 of conventional construction.
- a silicone controlled rectifier unit 168 of conventional construction. such as manufactured by Electronic Control Systems, Inc., Model ECS 713N.
- the signal decreases the firing angle of the silicone controlled rectifier and the rectifier increases the current flow to a transformer 170 thereby increasing the current flow through conductors 171 and 172 to the terminal blocks 62 of the feeder or member 60.
- the increased current flow increases the temperature of the glass in the feeder 60, lowering its viscosity, thus increasing the flow of glass of the glass stream 66 to increase the amount of glass in the channel 85 to its predetermined normal level.
- the transformer 170 and the rectifier unit 168 are supplied with electric current from supply lines L1d and L2d.
- the back pressure in the sensor tube 158 is increased by the additional head of glass, which signal increases the firing angle of the rectifier of the unit 168 and the rectifier decreases the current flow to the transformer 170 and thereby decreases the current flow through the feeder 60.
- the decreased current flow reduces the temperature of the glass in the feeder 60 raising the viscosity of the glass of the stream 66 thus reducing the flow of glass of the stream 66 to lower the level of the glass in the channel 85.
- the operation of the arrangement in carrying out the method of the invention is as follows:
- the power circuit for supplying electric energy to the heater strip 49 for melting the glass batch at the upper region of the chamber 45 is energized by connection of the autotransformer 140 with current supply lines L1 and L2.
- the operator adjusts the control element 141 of the autotransformer 140 to effect the desired electric current flow through the heater strip 49 to effect melting of the maximum amount of glass batch 42 required to supply the maximum throughput of molten glass flowing from the stream feeders or bushings 116.
- the molten glass 86 in the channel 85 flows through the wells or passages 136 into the glass stream feeders 16.
- the streams of glass 124 flowing from each of the stream feeders 16 are attenuated into continuous filaments 125 which are converged into strands and each strand wound into a package on a rotating mandrel 130 of a winding machine, indicated at 20.
- the set point of the potentiometer of the controller 154 is adjusted so that the rate of feed of glass batch 42 into the melter 45 is substantially equal to the throughput of glass from the stream feeders or bushings 16 so as to maintain the amount of glass in channel 85 substantially constant.
- the temperature of the bushing or feeder 60 is increased as hereinabove described to reduce the viscosity of the glass in the feeder 60 to flow more glass by the glass stream 66 into the channel. If the glass flow of the stream 66 exceeds the throughput of glass through the bushings 16, then the temperature of the glass in the feeder 60 is decreased to reduce the amount of glass of the stream flowing into the channel 85.
- the rate of flow of glass of the stream 66 changes the amount of molten glass in the melting chamber 45. If the glass level is lowered in the melting chamber 45, the level of the batch 42 on the molten glass adjacent the melter screen 49 is lowered. The lowering of the glass batch is sensed by the sensor plate 148 and the signal transmitted to the capacitance unit 150. The signal from the capacitance unit 150 is transmitted to the controller 154 which increases the speed of the motor 24 and rotates the batch feeder 27 to increase the delivery of glass batch into the melter 45.
- the level of the batch 42 on the molten glass is raised.
- the increase in height of the glass batch above the heater strip 49 is sensed by the sensor plate 148 and the signal transmitted to the capacitance unit 150 and the signal from the unit 150 transmitted to the controller 154 which reduces the speed of the motor 24 and hence decreases the rate of delivery of glass batch to the melter.
- the variations in air pressure in the sensor probe 160 transmitted to the silicone controlled rectifier unit 168 effect an increase or decrease of the temperature and hence viscosity of the glass in the feeder 60 beneath the melter chamber 45 to increase or decrease the flow rate of the glass of the stream 66 to maintain the glass in the channel 85 substantially at the predetermined level indicated at 87.
- the sensor plate 148 of the capacitance unit 150 sensing the level of glass batch above the heater strip 49 is effective through the capacitance unit 150 and the controller 154 to vary the speed of the motor 24 and thereby control or regulate the feed rate of glass batch 42 from the hopper 22 into the melting chamber 45.
- comparatively short production runs of textile filaments of standard glasses or test runs of special glasses may be carried on with a minimum amount of energy expended in conditioning and processing the glass.
- the molten glass is effectively refined to a high degree suitable for attenuation to fine textile filaments in the refining zones, regions or compartments 89 and 90 at each side of the skimmer block 88.
- the vent stacks 108 convey away volatiles and gases of combustion from the refining zones of the channel 85 so that there is no pressure on the glass in the channel 85.
- the operator In changing from one glass composition to another, the operator interrupts the operation of the batch feeding arrangement and drains the small amount of glass from the melting chamber 45 and the glass in the narrow channel 85 so that there is a minimum of waste.
Abstract
Description
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US05/572,359 US4023950A (en) | 1975-04-28 | 1975-04-28 | Method and apparatus for melting and processing glass |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US05/572,359 US4023950A (en) | 1975-04-28 | 1975-04-28 | Method and apparatus for melting and processing glass |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US4023950A true US4023950A (en) | 1977-05-17 |
Family
ID=24287442
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US05/572,359 Expired - Lifetime US4023950A (en) | 1975-04-28 | 1975-04-28 | Method and apparatus for melting and processing glass |
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US (1) | US4023950A (en) |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4406683A (en) * | 1981-12-04 | 1983-09-27 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Method of and apparatus for removing gas inclusions from a molten glass pool |
US4549895A (en) * | 1981-09-03 | 1985-10-29 | Hoya Corporation | Method and apparatus for melting glass |
US5659564A (en) * | 1995-04-20 | 1997-08-19 | Schuller International, Inc. | Method and apparatus for maintaining a furnace stack |
US5743933A (en) * | 1993-09-10 | 1998-04-28 | Isover Saint-Gobain | Apparatus and method for defibrating optically dense glass melts |
US5935291A (en) * | 1997-10-29 | 1999-08-10 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Bushings and fiber forming assemblies |
US5944863A (en) * | 1997-04-11 | 1999-08-31 | Owens-Brockway Glass Container Inc. | Apparatus for controlling flow of casing glass in a cased glass stream |
US5961686A (en) * | 1997-08-25 | 1999-10-05 | Guardian Fiberglass, Inc. | Side-discharge melter for use in the manufacture of fiberglass |
WO2000001630A1 (en) * | 1998-07-01 | 2000-01-13 | Owens Corning | High throughput glass fiberizing system and process |
US6044667A (en) * | 1997-08-25 | 2000-04-04 | Guardian Fiberglass, Inc. | Glass melting apparatus and method |
US20160340219A1 (en) * | 2015-05-22 | 2016-11-24 | John Hart Miller | Glass and other material melting systems and methods |
Citations (6)
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US2465283A (en) * | 1946-06-17 | 1949-03-22 | Glass Fibers Inc | Melting and drawing furnace |
US3012373A (en) * | 1957-12-30 | 1961-12-12 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Level control means |
US3328144A (en) * | 1964-06-29 | 1967-06-27 | Owen Corning Fiberglas Corp | Apparatus for melting and processing heat-softenable mineral materials |
US3406021A (en) * | 1961-05-29 | 1968-10-15 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Method and apparatus for processing filament-forming mineral materials |
US3519412A (en) * | 1966-04-19 | 1970-07-07 | Boussois Souchon Neuvesel Sa | Apparatus for melting and refining glass |
US3649231A (en) * | 1968-09-18 | 1972-03-14 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Method and apparatus for producing fibers with environmental control |
-
1975
- 1975-04-28 US US05/572,359 patent/US4023950A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
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US2465283A (en) * | 1946-06-17 | 1949-03-22 | Glass Fibers Inc | Melting and drawing furnace |
US3012373A (en) * | 1957-12-30 | 1961-12-12 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Level control means |
US3406021A (en) * | 1961-05-29 | 1968-10-15 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Method and apparatus for processing filament-forming mineral materials |
US3328144A (en) * | 1964-06-29 | 1967-06-27 | Owen Corning Fiberglas Corp | Apparatus for melting and processing heat-softenable mineral materials |
US3519412A (en) * | 1966-04-19 | 1970-07-07 | Boussois Souchon Neuvesel Sa | Apparatus for melting and refining glass |
US3649231A (en) * | 1968-09-18 | 1972-03-14 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Method and apparatus for producing fibers with environmental control |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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The Manufacturing Technology of Continuous Glass Fibres, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., Loewenstein, 1973, pp. 79-84. |
Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4549895A (en) * | 1981-09-03 | 1985-10-29 | Hoya Corporation | Method and apparatus for melting glass |
US4406683A (en) * | 1981-12-04 | 1983-09-27 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Method of and apparatus for removing gas inclusions from a molten glass pool |
US5743933A (en) * | 1993-09-10 | 1998-04-28 | Isover Saint-Gobain | Apparatus and method for defibrating optically dense glass melts |
US5659564A (en) * | 1995-04-20 | 1997-08-19 | Schuller International, Inc. | Method and apparatus for maintaining a furnace stack |
US6035663A (en) * | 1997-04-11 | 2000-03-14 | Owens-Brockway Glass Container Inc. | Method for controlling flow of casing glass in a cased glass stream |
US5944863A (en) * | 1997-04-11 | 1999-08-31 | Owens-Brockway Glass Container Inc. | Apparatus for controlling flow of casing glass in a cased glass stream |
US6314760B1 (en) | 1997-08-25 | 2001-11-13 | Guardian Fiberglass, Inc. | Glass melting apparatus and method |
US5961686A (en) * | 1997-08-25 | 1999-10-05 | Guardian Fiberglass, Inc. | Side-discharge melter for use in the manufacture of fiberglass |
US6044667A (en) * | 1997-08-25 | 2000-04-04 | Guardian Fiberglass, Inc. | Glass melting apparatus and method |
US6178777B1 (en) * | 1997-08-25 | 2001-01-30 | Guardian Fiberglass, Inc. | Side-discharge melter for use in the manufacture of fiberglass, and corresponding method |
US6418755B2 (en) | 1997-08-25 | 2002-07-16 | Guardian Fiberglass, Inc. | Glass melting apparatus and method including exhausting the furnace atmosphere by removal of a heating element |
US5935291A (en) * | 1997-10-29 | 1999-08-10 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Bushings and fiber forming assemblies |
WO2000001630A1 (en) * | 1998-07-01 | 2000-01-13 | Owens Corning | High throughput glass fiberizing system and process |
US6065310A (en) * | 1998-07-01 | 2000-05-23 | Owens Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc. | High throughput glass fiberizing system and process |
US20160340219A1 (en) * | 2015-05-22 | 2016-11-24 | John Hart Miller | Glass and other material melting systems and methods |
US10570045B2 (en) * | 2015-05-22 | 2020-02-25 | John Hart Miller | Glass and other material melting systems |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: WILMINGTON TRUST COMPANY, ONE RODNEY SQUARE NORTH, Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:OWENS-CORNING FIBERGLAS CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004652/0351 Effective date: 19861103 Owner name: WADE, WILLIAM, J., ONE RODNEY SQUARE NORTH, WILMIN Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:OWENS-CORNING FIBERGLAS CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004652/0351 Effective date: 19861103 Owner name: WILMINGTON TRUST COMPANY, DELAWARE Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:OWENS-CORNING FIBERGLAS CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004652/0351 Effective date: 19861103 Owner name: WADE, WILLIAM, J., DELAWARE Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:OWENS-CORNING FIBERGLAS CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004652/0351 Effective date: 19861103 |
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: OWENS-CORNING FIBERGLAS CORPORATION, FIBERGLAS TOW Free format text: TERMINATION OF SECURITY AGREEMENT RECORDED NOV. 13, 1986. REEL 4652 FRAMES 351-420;ASSIGNORS:WILMINGTON TRUST COMPANY, A DE. BANKING CORPORATION;WADE, WILLIAM J. (TRUSTEES);REEL/FRAME:004903/0501 Effective date: 19870730 Owner name: OWENS-CORNING FIBERGLAS CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE Free format text: TERMINATION OF SECURITY AGREEMENT RECORDED NOV. 13, 1986. REEL 4652 FRAMES 351-420;ASSIGNORS:WILMINGTON TRUST COMPANY, A DE. BANKING CORPORATION;WADE, WILLIAM J. (TRUSTEES);REEL/FRAME:004903/0501 Effective date: 19870730 |
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: OWENS-CORNING FIBERGLAS TECHNOLOGY INC., ILLINOIS Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:OWENS-CORNING FIBERGLAS CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE;REEL/FRAME:006041/0175 Effective date: 19911205 |