US402298A - Combined telephone and telegraph system - Google Patents

Description

,(No Model.)

5 Sheets-Sheet 1. W. BURNLEY. COMBINED TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH SYSTEM. No. 402,298.

Patented Apr. 30, 1889.

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(No Model.)

W. BURNLEY. GOMBINED TELEPHONE AND TELEGE'A PH'SYSTEM V I we 9. [Z 00 Hm 1 n l 0 I .f 3 n, .a m W J m M t I 6 b a P. m T 4 S m 0 M (No Model.

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COMBINED TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH SYSTEM.

Patented Apr. 30, 1889.

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W. BURNLEY. COMBINED TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH SYSTEM.

Patented Apr. 30, 1889.

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COMBINED TELEPHONE TELEGRAPH SYSTEM;

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UNITED STATES PATENT ()FFICE.

WILLIAM BURNLEY, OF NORTH EAST, ASSIGNOR OF TWVO-THIRDS TO CHARLES A. HITOHOOOK AND SAMUEL A. DAVENPORT, OF ERIE, PENNSYLVANIA.

COMBINED I 'ELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH SYSTEM.

SPECIFICAFPIONforming part of Letters'Patent No. 402,298, dated April 30, 1889.

I Application filed January 30, 1888- Serial No. 262,436. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, WILLIAM BURNLEY, a citizen of the United States, residing at North East, in the county of Erie and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Combined Telephonic and Telegraphic Systems and Apparatus; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as-Will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters and figures of reference marked thereon, forming part of this specification.

My invention consists in the improvements in combined telephonic and telegraphic systems and apparatus hereinafter set forth in the specification and claims, and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 illustrates a type of my improved combined telephonic and telegraphic system and apparatus and anarrangementthereof embodying telephonic terminal and telegraphic intermediate stations operating over the same main line. Fig. 2 illustrates a type and an arrangement thereof embodying telegraphicarrangement thereof embodying telephonic terminal and three telegraphic intermediate stations operating 011 the same main line, and

also the locationof the central telegraphic main lines in close proximity to each other in section, of the undulatory-current telegraphic transmitter embodied in the types of my improved system shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, at, 5, and 9 of the drawings. Fig. 9 illustrates a modified arrrangement or" the electrical connections between the combined undulatorycircuit and the Morse or make-and-break telegraphic transmitting apparatus of my improved system.

Like letters or figures refer to like parts in all the figures. V The principal objects and features of my invention are, first, to provide in a telephonic and telegraphic system operating on the same main line telegraphic transmitting and receiving apparatus and mechanism and telephonic transmitting and receiving mechanism whereby telephonic and telegraphic messages can be simultaneously sent, over the same line or circuit without interference with each other; second, to combine and arrange in a combined telegraphic and telephonic system telegraphic apparatus and mechanism embodying the invention and undulatory-current telegraphic system, shown, described, and claimed in my application for Letters Patent of the United States filed October 10, 1887, for a system of telegraphy involving the use therein of undulatory electrical currents; third, to provide and combine in a combined telegraphic and telephonic system and apparatus undulatory-current telegraphic transmitting or receiving mechanism in such man; ner thattelegraphic and telephonic messages may be simultaneously sent and received on the same main line without damaging interference with each other; fourth, to provide a system and apparatus whereby telegraphic and telephonic lines can be simultaneously operated when in close proximity to each other without damaging induction or inter ference of the telegraph with the telephone wires fifth, to provide a combined telephonic and telegraphic system wherein the damaging induction and interference of telegraphic with, telephonic lines when placed in close proximity with each other, or when telephone and telegraph instruments are simultaneously operated on. the same line or circuit, is dispensed with without embodying extra electromagnets or graduators or rendering the telephone-receivers dull by enlarging their diaphragms, or otherwise rendering them less sensitive to acoustic vibrations, and so that telegraphic instruments and the most sensitive speaking telephone-receivers can be simultaneously operated on the same wire or circuit without interference, and as well also on contiguous wires, the damaging inductive effects of the telegraphic wires in this case being entirely eliminated.

The other features and objects of my invention will appear hereinafter in the specification and claims.

Itmayherebe observed that the arrangement of circuits and combinations of mechanism hereinafter described for simultaneously telegraphing and telephoning on the same wire or for eliminating interfering induction between contiguous wires simultaneously used for telegraphy and telephoning is such, as

will be hereinafter shown, that the circuit transmitting-key.

To more fully explain and illustrate my invention by referring to the drawings it will be seen that Fi 1 shows a circuit in which two telegraphic stations are located on the same line between two telephonic stations, the connections being so made that the telegraph-stations may be operated either on an open or closed circuit. In this system the telephone-stations are the terminal stations. In Fig. 2 the stations are reversed, the telephone-stations being the intermediate and the telegraphic stations the terminals. In Fig. 1 the telephonic apparatus is located in a derived branch or circuit consisting of two portions each having two free ends or terminals, 1 2 and 1 2, 1 normally contacting with 2 and 1 with 2, makinga derived circuit from the main line 3 at 3 through the contactsprings 1 2, wire 4, condenser at, and by wires 5 and 5 through the extracurrent vibrator 6 and by wire 7 to contact-spring 8 and thence by lever Q and wire 10 to contact-springs 1 2' and line-connection 11 to main line. \Vhen, however, the lever 9 is down upon contactsprings 12 and 13, a circuit is completed from the main line 3 through the connection 3, the contact-springs 2 1, wire 4, condenser 1, wires 5 and 14:, induction-coil 15, telephonereceiver 16, wire 17, contact-spring 13, lever 9, wire 10, contact-springs 1 2', and connection 11 to main line.

Between the co11tact- springs 1 and 1, connecting the telephonic circuit with the main line 3, I place a switch, 26, which in its normal position, as shown, does not touch either of the contact- springs 1 or 1. To the cross-arms 27 and 27 of this switch is connected a groundwire, 28, so that when the switch 26 is turned to the right, as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1, the arm 27 presses the contact-spring 1 away from the contact-sprin g 2, breaking the electrical connection between them and establishing electrical contact between the arm 27 and the contact-spring 1,thereby grounding the current through the wire 28, and, vice versa, if the switch 26 is moved over in like manner to the left, wire 10 is in like manner grounded.

The object of the contact-springs 1 2 and 1' 2 and the switch 26 and its ground-wire 28 is that while the contact-springs 1 2 and 1 2 normally complete the circuit when a number of derived or branch circuits, each containin g telephonic apparatus, as shown in Fig. 1, are located in the same main line, as illustratedin Fig. 4, should station 0 desire to talk with station E the switch 26 at station 0 is turned to the left, thereby grounding wire 10, and at station E it is turn ed to the left, thereby grounding wire 10. Now, as I trace the course of the telephone-circuit from station 0 to sta-.

tion E,I find that one portion of it goes to ground through the switch 26 and its groundwire 28, while the other portion passes to line 3 and through the condenser 30 at telegraphstation J, and continuing on main line 3 to station E, and thence through contact-sprin gs 1 2', by wire at, condenser 4', induction-coil15, receiver 16, contact-spring 13, lever 9, wire 10, and switch-arm 27 to ground through wire 28. Thus it is obvious that the grounding of the currentby means of switch 26 places the resistance of telegraph-station I, as well as the resistance of the telegraph-stations G H, to the left of station 0 in such shape as to enhance the value of the telephonic currents from station 0 to station E, the outgoing telephonic currents from station E to station 0 being also enhanced by reason of and in proportion to the resistance of the telegraphic apparatus located at the telegraph-stations K and L between ground 81 and telegraphic ground 81 and these results so produced by the resistance of the telegraphic apparatus at telegraph-stations, as aforesaid, are reciprocally exerted upon the telephonic current both ways.

The telephonic transmitters and receivers and their intermediate connections at all of the stations shown are of usual and-ordinary construction and so well known and understood that further reference thereto is deemed unnecessary. In lieu, however, of the ordinary magneto call-bell, I have provided an extra-current vibrator, 6, the ordinary magnetocurrents produced by the bell mechanism ordinarily used for such purpose not being of sufficient tension to pass through the condenser et' and actuate the ordinary magnetobell. This vibrator 6, I construct of a permanent magnet, 33, having a coil of wire, 34, around one end thereof, the same as in an ordinary telephone-receiver. This magnet and coil I place ina case, 35, which in the drawpiece, 39, which rests on the center of the diaphragm 36, the other end of the lever 38 being provided with a screw-threaded weight, 40, adapted to be adjusted as required. To

. the sides of the top. of the case 35, I also secure an arch, 41,,which spans the central portion of the diaphragm 36, and centrally over the contact-piece 39, I place a screw, 42, the lower end of which is provided with a platinum tip adapted to make contact with a platinum button in the top of the contact-piece 39 when the diaphragm 36, upon which the con,- tact-piece 39 rests, is actuated by induced currents or by currents from a primary coil, 43.

The local circuit indicated by wires 44 (the remainder thereof not being shown) will be closed, so as to operatea signal-bell or other suitable signaling apparatus (not shown) located in said circuit 44. In the local circuit.

49, extends to the relay 50, and thence by.

wire 49' to the key-lever 51 of my improved undulatorycurrent telegraphic transmitter, and thence by a metallic connectionialong said lever 51 and metallic electrode 52 and non-conducting medium 53, secured to the lower part of the electrode 52. The lower end of said medium 53 reaches into the semiconducting fluid 54,.being covered with a film thereof, said fluid being in circuit with binding-post 75, thence by wire 56 to insulated contact-point and plate 57 of key 58 and by wire 59 to battery 60. The wire 61 is a shunt-line. connecting with the base of key 58, or with the switch-lever 62 thereof, so that when the switch-lever 62 is thrown back into contact with. the insulated contact-point and plate 63 it connects with wires 64 and 65 for the purpose of shunting the battery 60, and also for the purpose of preserving thecontinuity of the line when it is desired to operate on the closed-circuit plan, the continuity being completed when the switch-lever 62 is in contact with the insulated contact-point 63.

One of the important features of my improved systems of simultaneous telegraphy and telephony on the, same line or circuit is my improved telegraphic transmitter, en-

larged views of different forms ofv which are illustrated in Figs. 6, 7, and 8. Referring to Figs. 7 and 8, 51 is the key-lever, pivoted at one end in bearings 51 which bearings are electrically connected with the contactscrew 68 and curved arm 52, on the end of which is secured the metallic electrode 52, and to the metallic electrode 52 is secured a slender strip of glass, ebonite, or any other suitable nonconducting substance. The key-lever 51 is also provided with a finger-knob, 66, and a spring, 51, for raising the key-lever 51 when the pressure is removed therefrom.

The contact-screw 68 serves to make contact with the contact-point 68, and also serves to adjust the downward mot-ion of the key 51.

54 is a fountain-cup provided with aplunger, 54 operated by means of an adj ustingscrew, 54. This fountain-cup is filled with a semi-conducting-fluid, 54, the height, of which in the bowl of the cup 54 is regulated by means of the adj listing-screw 54', so that when in operation the key-lever 51 is depressed the metallic electrode 52 'enters the fluid 54, and when the key-lever 51 is up the lower end of the non-conducting medium 53 remains in the fluid 54, which is. electrically connected with the binding-post 75, so that at all times there is a continuity of circuit from the fluid to the electrode 52 through a film ofthe semiconducting fluid 54 adhering to the non-conducting strip 53. I

69 is a switch adapted to connect the contact-point-68 with wire 70 and binding-post '75, and thence by wires 56 and 59 to battery,

thus making a metallic continuity of the circuit at the instant the full potential is reached through the semi-conducting fluid 54.

In Fig. 6 I show how I combine my improved undulatory telegraphic transmitter and the ordinary Morse key together to form the telegraphic transmitting mechanism of my improved combined telephonic and telegraphic system, and it may here be observed thatthe electrical connections in this form of transmitter are substantially the same in arrangement and operation as that shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 8, hereinbefore de scribed, in those figures the parts having been shown detached from each other the betcup 54 is of the construction shown in Figs. 7 and 8 hereinbefore described. The Morse. key is here shown as secured on the frame 51 directlyover the-lever 51,and is electrically connected therewith, (connections not shown,) substantially as hereinbefore described. In place of a finger-knob, 66, on the lever 51 I secure to the key 58, directly under the finger-knob thereof, a downwardlyprojecting rod, 58, the lower end of which comes into contact with the inclined stud 58 5 so that when the lever or key 58 is depressed the lever 51 is likewise depressed, a spring, 63, serving to raise the lever 51, this spring being adjusted by a spindle, 63 This device is also provided with a proper number of binding-posts, of which 49 and 75 only are shown. In operation this type of telegraphic transmitter operates in the same manner as those hereinbefore described, produc ing like eifects and results.

In Fig. 2, as has been hereinbefore stated, two telephone-stations are located on the line between two telegraph-stations, while in Fig. 3 these telegraph-stations are located on the line 3 between two telephone-stations. In this type of my systemthe circuit arranged is the same as that hereinbefore described, 'except that of the central telegraph-stations. At this station the telegraphicapparatus islocated in aderived circuit shunted around a condenser, 73, located in the main line 3.

The arnngement of circuits in Figs. 1, 2, and 3 is such that in telegraphing they may be operated on either open or closed circuit. "When it is desired to operate on open circuit, the switch-lever 62 is closed upon contactplate 63 at the two stations not sending, while at the station sending the switch-lever G2 is open and occupies a position intermediate between contact- plates 57 and 63. Now, when the key 58 is depressed upon the contact-point 57 the current is from battery 60 to said contact-point 57 thence by key 58 to wire G1,and thence by wire it), relay 50,wire 40, rheostat 4S, and wire 47 to main line 3. While receivil'ig, however, the switch-lever 62 is moved upon contact-plate 63. Then the current is from main line 3 through line 47, rheostat -18, wire 49, relay 50, and wires i9 and 61 to switchlever 62 and contact 63, and thence to ground by wires 64 and 65. If,however,it is desired to operate on closed circuit, the switch-levers G2 are all moved upon the contact-plates 57, which closes the circuit and puts all of the batteries to the main line 3. \Vhile the operator is sending, however, he moves the switch (S2 of his key to a position intermediate between the contact-plates 57 and (33 and then operates his key in the usual way.

When it is desired to transmit messages by the undulatory current on closed circuit, the switch-levers (32 are closed on the contactplates 57. The operator sending them manipulates the key-lever 51 by means of the fingerknob 66 in the same manner as he would use the ordinary key-lever, 58. On depressing the key-lever 51 the current is from battery 60 to contact point and plate 57 and to binding-post 75, thence through the semi-conducting fluid 54 to metallic electrode 52, through the key-lever 51 to wire i9, through relay 50,

wire 49, rheostat 4S, and wire 47 to main line When receiving, the operator closes the switchlever 62 on contact-plate 57. The circuit is then from main line 3, through wire 47, rheostat 46, relay 50, and by wire 4 through wire 61, key 58, contact-plate 57, and wire 50, to battery 60, and thence to ground by wire 65.

The type of my improved system shown in Fig. -l is designed to illustrate my arrangement for operating a telegraphic and tolephonic system on a closed circuit. In this arrangement I show how, when telegraph-stations intervene on the same main line between telephone-stationsfor example, see telephone-stati on .I, Fi Jr-a condenser forces the telegraph-currents through the telegraphic instruments, this being done by placing the condenser 30 in the main line 3 and the telegraph-instruments on a branch circuit, 3 shunted around the condenser 30. In this type of my system no rheostats are necessary to shunt the condenser; neither is it necessary to use electro-magnetic graduators in the branch circuit 3 but a rheostat is placed in each terminal telegraph-station ground-wire 81, and under some circumstances it might be advisable to place a rheostat, 82, at each telegraph-station between the main line 3 and the relay 50, as illustrated at telegraph-station I; but they would be seldom needed. In this arrangement it will be observed that the telegraph apparatus at stations A, 13, C, E, and F in Fig. i are of the same type shown in Figs. 1 and 3,hereinbefore described. In this system, however, I show stations A, G, B, II, CI, EK, and FL, in which both telegraphic and telephonic apparatus are located, the telegraphic apparatus at these stations also being of the same type as that shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, hereinbefore described.

The type of my system shown in Fig. 5 is designed to illustrate an arrangement of telephonic and telegraphic mechanism for simultaneously operating the same over wires in close proximity or when bundled together in a cable, some being telegraph and some telephone wires. In this arrangement the line 3 is shown as in use for telephonic purposes alone. In that case the condenser at and also the extra-circuit apparatus 43 to 46 and the extra-current vibrator 6 are eliminated, and an ordinary magneto-bell, 85, in the line 3 used in lieu thereof, the remainder of the telephonic apparatus being the same as that hereinbefore described, the main line 3 being connected thereto and grounded through wire 10 in the usual way or through induction-coil 15 and same wire. The telegraphic apparatus used on the contiguous wires 3 is of the character hereinbefore described, its operation being such that no magnetic graduators or condensers are necessary for eliminating the inductive interference of the telegraphic with the telephonic mechanism.

In Fig. 9 I show a modified arrangement of the electrical connections between the undulatory-current telegraphic transmitter and the Morse-key mechanism. In this arrangement wire 49' extends to binding-screw 90, and

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thence by wire 91 to Morse key, and thence by contact-point 57, while wire 56 is extended to and connects relay 51', contact-point 57 being also connected with wire 56 by wire 92. From binding-screw 90 a wire, 93, extends to bat- "tery 94, and thence by wire 93 to bindingand system of telegraphy shown and described in my application hereinbefore referred to are applicable to and maybe used in and as a part of the combined telephonic and telegraphic system hereinbefore described, the undulatory current telegraphic instrument in the former case operating to produce and maintain a like type of undulatory and continuous current as is produced and maintained by the undulatory-current telegraphic transmitter described in this case; hence I have not particularly shown or described said undulatory telegraphic mechanism, as its relation to and operation in the combined system herein described areobvious to those skilled in the art to which my said inventions relate; also, in describing my invention, the construction, arrangement, and operation of many 01": the devices hereinbefore referred to as parts of the mechanism of my improved combined system are so well known to those skilled in the art to which my invention appertains that I have deemed it unnecessary to embody a detailed description thereof in this specification; but I have fully described the novel features of my invention and their combination with such known devices, so as to enable others skilled in the art to'which it appertains to construct my combined system and apparatus and operate the same.

Therefore what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is-

1. In a combined telegraphic and telephonicv system, the combination of undulatory-current telegraphic transmitting-instruments adapted to operate and maintain acontinuous current over a main line, and telegraphic receiving-instruments on said line, with telephonic transmitting and receiving instruments operating over said main line, and condensers between said telephonic instruments and said main line, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. In a combined telegraphic and telephonic system, the combination of undulatory-cup rent telegraphic transmitting apparatus, telegraphic relay, sounder, and battery apparatus with telephonic receiving, transmitting, and signaling apparatus, all operating onthe same main line, and a condenser through which the telephonic current passes from the main line to the telephonic instruments, whereby bothtelegraphic. and telephonic currents simultaneously pass over the main line to and from the telephonic and telegraphic instruments without interference with each other, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

, 3. Ina combined telegraphic and telephonic system, the combination, on a main line, of terminal stations having telephonic transmitting, receiving, and signaling instruments operatin g over said line, and condensers between said instruments and the main line, with intermediate telegraphic stations on said line having undulatory-current telegraphic transmitting-in struments through which a continuous current may be maintained over the main line, and telegraphic receiving-instruments on saidline at said intermediate stations, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

4. In a combined telegraphic and telephonic system, the combination, on a main line, of terminal stations having undulatorycurrent telegraphic transmitting-instruments through which the currents over the main line can continuously pass, and telegraphic receiving-instruments on said line at said stations, with intermediate telephone-stations having telephonic transmitting, receiving, and signaling instruments operating on said line, and condensers between said instruments and said main line, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

5. In acombined telegraph and telephone system, the combination, on a single main line, of terminal telephone-stations having condensers between them and the main line, and intermediate telegraph-stations having undulatory telegraphic transmitting mechanism, with condensers located in the main line at some of the telegraph-stations, said telegraph-stations being located in derived lines shunted to and from the main line around said condensers, and rheostats betweeen the relays and main line at each telegraph-station, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

6. The combination, in a single main-line system, of a closed telegraphic circuit having un dulatory-current telegraphic transmitting mechanism, and ordinary relays, and receiving mechanism operating thereon, with telephonic mechanism and condensers at terminal and intermediate stations on said line, and intermediate telegraphic stations located in circuits shunted around'condensers in the main line, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

7. In a combined telegraphic and telephonic system having main-line wires bundled together into acable and insulated from each other, the combination of undulatorycurrent tran smitting-instruments operating over some of said wires and adapted to maintain continuous electrical currents over such wires, and telegraphic receiving-instruments on said wires, with telephonic transmitting and receiving instruments operating on other of said wires, and condensers between said telephonic instruments and the main-line wires over which they operate, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

8. The combination, in a single main-line electrical-circuit system, of telegraphic stations each having undulatory telegraphic transmitting apparatus, relays, and sounders, and located in derived circuits shunted from the main line, and having rheostats therein, with telephonic stations each having a c011- denser, an induction-coil, a telephone transmitter and receiver, a local-battery circuit, a rapid-discharge signaling apparatus, a switch for putting the telephone induction-coil and local battery into and out of circuit and for putting the extra-current signaling apparatus into circuit when the telephone is not in use, and located in and connected to said circuit each way by means of contact-springs having a grounded switch between said contactsprings, whereby the current on the main line may be grounded from either direction and two classes of messages be simultaneously sent over the main line or circuit without interference with each other, substantially as set forth.

9. The combination, in a single main-line electrical-circuit system, of a closed telegraphic-circuit apparatus having one derived branch at each joint-station containing undulatory-current telegraphic transmitting apparatus, keys, relays, Sounders, and rheostats, with another derived branch at each jointstation containing telephonic apparatus consisting of a condenser, induction-coil, telephonic transmittcr and receiver, local-battery circuit, ra 'iid-discharge signaling apparatus, and switches, whereby telephonic currents will, pass through the condensers and through the undulatory-current telegraphic transmitting apparatus when the undulatory-current telegraphic transmitting apparatus is normally open or when the current is at its lowest potential, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

10. The combination, in a single main-line electrical-circuit system, of a closed-circuit telegraphic apparatus consisting of undulatorycurrent telegraphic transmitters and keys, relays, sounders, and rheostats, with an extra or secondary current vibrator controlling a signaling apparatus in a local-battery circuit arranged in a branch circuit, shunting the telegraphic branch circuit, and containing a condenser, telephonic apparatus, and grounding-switches, substantially as and for the purpose set forth. I

11. In a combined telegraphic and telephonic system, the combination of undulatory-current telegraphic transmitting-instruments through which electrical currents over the main line can continuously pass, telegraphic receiving-instruments on said line, telephonic transmitting and receiving instruments operating over said main line, and condensers between said telephonic instruments on said main line, with extra or induced current vibrators adapted to operate telephonic signaling apparatus, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

12. In a combined telephonic and telegraphic system, the combination, on the same main line, of telephonic signaling, transmitting, and receiving mechanism with telegraphic receiving mechanism and combined undulatory-current telegraphic transmitting and Morse-key telegraphic transmitting mechanism, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

13. The combination, in the telegraphic transmitting-instruments of a combined telegraphic and telephonic system operating on the same line, of undulatory-current telegraphic transmitters with make-and-break transmitting-keys, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

14. The combination, in a telegraphic transmit-ter for combined telephonic and telegraphic systems operating on the same main line, of an undulatory-current transmitting key-lever operating to immerse a metal electrode in electrical connection therewith into and withdraw the same from a conductingliquid in circuit, and also to simultaneously immerse a non-conducting medium connected with said electrode into and partially withdrawing the same from said liquid, with a make-and-break key-lever, so that the two key-levers can be simultaneously operated by means of the finger-knob of the make-andbreak key, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

\VILLIAM BURNLEY.

Vitnesses:

(I. J. STURGEON, II. J. CURTZE.

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