US4001801A - Automatic low throughput metering apparatus for selecting and controlling the flow rate of liquids - Google Patents

Automatic low throughput metering apparatus for selecting and controlling the flow rate of liquids Download PDF

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Publication number
US4001801A
US4001801A US05/525,063 US52506374A US4001801A US 4001801 A US4001801 A US 4001801A US 52506374 A US52506374 A US 52506374A US 4001801 A US4001801 A US 4001801A
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Prior art keywords
drops
output
delivered
drop
input
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US05/525,063
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English (en)
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Camille Moulet
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Crinospital SpA
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Crinospital SpA
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/14—Infusion devices, e.g. infusing by gravity; Blood infusion; Accessories therefor
    • A61M5/168—Means for controlling media flow to the body or for metering media to the body, e.g. drip meters, counters ; Monitoring media flow to the body
    • A61M5/16886—Means for controlling media flow to the body or for metering media to the body, e.g. drip meters, counters ; Monitoring media flow to the body for measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. flowmeters
    • A61M5/1689—Drip counters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S128/00—Surgery
    • Y10S128/13—Infusion monitoring
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/7722—Line condition change responsive valves
    • Y10T137/7758—Pilot or servo controlled
    • Y10T137/7761—Electrically actuated valve

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an automatic metering apparatus for selecting and controlling the flow rate of liquids.
  • the automatic liquid apparatus for liquid substances is adapted to be arranged between a liquid feeding container and a perfusion or transfusion line, and comprises an electronic timer device capable of being pre-set from the outside and adapted to pre-select the flow rate of the liquid drops to be metered; a sequential electronic controlling circuit, the inputs of which are connected to the outputs of said timing and pre-selecting circuit, and the outputs of which control an acutator means causing liquid drops to inflow into said perfusion line, a counting device and at least one alarm device; and an optic-electronic transducer for detecting the flow rate of the drops, the output of which is fed back to the input of said controlling sequential circuit.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the main circuits in a metering apparatus according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a front view of an external control panel of the apparatus
  • FIG. 3 shows a diagram of sequential control circuits of the apparatus
  • FIG. 4 diagrammatically shows timing and pre-selection circuits of the apparatus.
  • FIG. 5 diagrammatically shows a detecting circuit used by the metering apparatus.
  • a block 1 represents flow rate pre-selecting and timing circuits for a control circuit 6. More precisely, input i 1 gives a constant timing signal and input i 2 a flow rate signal which may be pre-set through manual action on a control panel of the apparatus (sliding contact 24 of FIG. 2). Output o 2 of the control circuit 6 is input to an actuator 7 through a comparator device 3; output o 1 is fed to alarm devices 13 and output o 3 is fed to a counter device 25 for counting the drops that have been fed.
  • the actuator 7 comprising a lever and a micro-valve, performs a demand of a drop of liquid from a vessel S.
  • the outflow of such a liquid drop is detected by an optic-electronic transducer 9, the output of which is fed back to an input i 3 of the block 6.
  • the actuator 7 Before the actuator 7 is able to demand a drop of liquid, such a demand must be received from the output o 2 of the block 6 and the other two inputs of the comparator device 3 must not be equal, i.e the total number of drops required, which has been pre-set in a pre-selector 26, (possibly with the selector circuits inactivated by a switch 27) must not be equal to the total number of drops that has actually been fed and memorized by a device 25 having at its input the output o 3 of the circuit 6.
  • control circuit 6 receives at its input not only the timing signal i 1 , but also the signals resulting from the desired flow rate and the actual flow rate at i 2 and i 3 respectively, the control circuit causes alarm circuits 13 to be activated, in the following cases:
  • the circuit 6 causes the actuator 7 not to operate in any of the above described cases, unless the apparatus has been pre-set on the slider 14 for the "draining" operations.
  • FIG. 2 shows a front view of an instrument panel 50 according to a preferred embodiment of the apparatus generally indicated by numeral reference 20.
  • the apparatus as shown in FIG. 2 comprises a transparent vessel 21, a tube of plastic material 40, a switch 27, the digital selector 26, the counter 25 which displays the number of drops that have been fed, and which can be reset by a push-button R, the slider 24 for selecting the flow rate, three indicator lamps 28, 29, 30 (e.g. of green, yellow and red colours, respectively), a member 23 for housing and supporting the transparent vessel 21 and a side member 22, placed under the member 23, through which the tube 40 passes, and one end 41 of the tube is connected to the containers for feeding the liquid substance that is to be supplied, and the other end 42 is connected to a perfusion line or any utilization device or flowline.
  • a panel 50 has on it all the necessary controls for the external pre-selection of the basic flow metering parmeters.
  • the switch 27 has two stability positions, each of them corresponding, alternatively, either to energization or den-energization of the circuits of the selector 26.
  • the slider 24 can be moved to face any one of eight reference positions.
  • the operative step corresponds to the highest position and the discharge or "draining" of the liquid to the lowest position.
  • the six intermediate positions of the slider 24 represent different feeding flow rates.
  • the different positions could represent respectively flow rate metering of two, four, eight, sixteen, thirty-two, sixty-four drops per minute.
  • the total number of drops that one desires to feed can be set by means of the pre-selector 26 actuated by the switch 27.
  • the counting and display device 25 shows the number of drops that have been fed during the operation of the micro flow meter apparatus.
  • an optic-electronic device (not shown) for detecting the drops as they fall through the vessel 21. More precisely, according to a preferred embodiment, the optic-electronic detector is adapted to emit an electro-magnetic radiation passing through the vessel 21. When a drop falls through the vessel, the radiation is partially caught and partially reflected by the drop itself, whereby the total energy travelling transversely throughout the vessel 21 is caused to vary, thus affording the possibility of counting the number of drops fed and measuring the actual feeding flowrate.
  • FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 show a particularly preferred embodiment of the circuits forming the block diagram of FIG. 1.
  • an integrated circuit Z10 e.g. the one produced and sold by Texas Instruments under No. SN 7493
  • another integrated circuit Z08 for the sake of drawing clarity represented as being separated in two portions Z08a and Z08b
  • Two flip-flops of the S-R type, formed by the NAND gates 121-123 and 141-163 are also provided.
  • the NAND 142 which is preferably a NAND gate with Schmitt trigger, will switch between logic zero and logic 1 according to the frequency signal on the line 1' , e.g. 17 times per sec., since its other inputs are at logic 1 at the present flowrate.
  • the selection of a flow rate results in a signal of a period corresponding to the selected rate. If, for example this rate or frequency is of four drops per minute, at every 15 seconds a trailing edge is present at the input of NAND 136 and the output of NAND/123 becomes 1 (logic) due to the switching of the monostable circuit formed by a NAND gate 135, a network R07' -CO4' and NAND gate with Schmitt trigger 151, as well as of the monostable circuit formed by a NAND 134, a network R08' -C05' and a NAND gate with Schmitt trigger 152. As a consequence the output of NAND switches to zero with the frequency existing on line 1, thus enabling transistor Q02, which controls the drop demand actuator 7 and a lamp 29 for signalling the drop demand (FIG. 4).
  • NAND gate 111 with Schmitt trigger having both the inputs at logic 1, switches to zero ad causes the analogous NAND 112 output to become 1, causing also the two monostable circuits formed by two triggered NAND gates 113, 114, a NAND gate 131 and two networks R04' -C02' and R05' -C03' to switch.
  • the outputs of NAND gates 121, 123 and 142 become again 1, zero, 1 respectively.
  • a periodically intermittent logic 1 signal appears also on line 100 through NAND gate 173 and a pulse shaper comprised of a triggered NAND gate 153 and a network R10' -C.
  • a line 100 controls a section of the transfer circuit Z04 (FIG. 4) for supplying power to an acoustic alarm.
  • NAND gate 141 can also be switched to logic 1 through a gate 164 controlled by the output 8 of the frequency divider Z10, which becomes logic 1 if there arrive eight pulses at the input 14, when the inputs 2, 3 are logic zero. This occurs if in association with a drop demand, i.e. NAND 121 output being zero and frequency divider Z10 actuated through input 2, 3, the input 14 of Z10 receives eight pulse signals through the line 33 with no drop being detected by the optic-electronic transducer of FIG. 5, causing therefore NAND 121 output to switch to logic 1.
  • the optic and acoustic alarm devices will be actuated through the switching to logic 1 of the gate 141 output, if a number of drops greater than one is fed in consequence of a drop demand corresponding, as already described, to the presence of a logic 1 at the output of the NAND gate 123.
  • the feeding of the first drop immediately switches to logic 1 the input of NAND gate 161, which is directly connected to the transistor Q01 collector, during a time interval which is the same, except for electronic delays, as the duration of the negative pulse signal at the transistor Q01 base, correlated with the detection time of the circuit of FIG. 5.
  • both NAND 161 inputs are at logic 1 at the same time and cause NAND 161 to switch to zero with consequent switching to logic 1 of the NAND 141 output and alarm actuation.
  • the time constants R07'-C04' and R08'-C05' should be such as to ensure, at every pulse on the line 77, the NAND 123 output to switch to 1 without a contemporaneous switching to 1 of the NAND 133 output.
  • the counting device 25 allows the visualisation of the number of fed drops and is not described in details (as well as the pre-selector 26, the acoustic alarm device and actuator 7) as it is not a specific object of the invention, being available in the trade and obvious to one skilled in the art.
  • FIG. 5 shows a source of infra-red rays 501 (fed at d.c. voltage, e.g. 5 V between a first terminal 118 and a second terminal 119 which is connected to the ground through a resistance R01), a receiver transistor 502 and an operative amplifier 500.
  • the receiver transistor is connected between the terminal 118 and the direct input 3 of the operative amplifier 500.
  • the reverser input 2 of the operative amplifier 500 is connected to the terminal 118 through a resistance R03 of about 100 ⁇ and to earth through a resistance R04 of about 400 ⁇ .
  • the direct input terminal 3 is connected to earth through a resistance R02 of about 100 K ⁇ .
  • the operative amplifier 500 between its terminals 7 and 4 is supplied with d.c.
  • This voltage e.g. of 12 V
  • the feeding terminals 7 and 4 of the operative amplifier 500 are also mutually connected through a stabilization capacitor Co1 of about 1000 pF.
  • the output 6 of the operative amplifier is picked out at the terminal 116.
  • the operation of the circuit described is extremely simple and reliable. As long as the receiver 502 receives the radiations supplied by the source 501, it will allow a current transfer between the terminal 118 and the earth 117, whereby a voltage drop across the resistance R02 will occur and the input 3 of the operative amplifier will be at a positive voltage. On the contrary, when receiver 502 is not hit by the radiations emitted by the source 501, the same receiver is off and then a voltage drop is observed at the input 3 of the amplifier, thus causing a negative pulse at the output 6 of the operative amplifier 500 (and at the terminal 116).
  • the radiating source 501 and the receiver 502 will be mounted on the surface encircling the vessel 21, so that the radiations emitted by the source 501 can be picked off by the receiver transistor 502.
  • the negative pulse at the output terminal 116 will be obtained in consequence of the fall of a drop, because this prevents a radiation from the radiating source 501 to be picked by receiver 502.
  • an oscillator essentially comprising two transistors Q11 and Q12, and a circuit resulting from a resistance R02" of some hundreds of K ⁇ and a capacitor C03" in the range of some tens of F.
  • the oscillating frequency of the oscillator is principally given by the time constant of said RC circuit, but it can be adjusted by varying the position of the terminal which is in common both to the p-n-p transistor Q11 base and to the n-p-n transistor Q12 collector, on the bridge formed by the resistances R03", R04", R05".
  • the oscillator output picked out at the transistor Q12 collector is sent to the input 5 of a synchronous counter Z01, e.g. the component SN 74193, produced and sold by Texas Instrument, which on one hand sends pulses, e.g. at 17 Hz, along line 1' to input 1' of NAND gate 142, and on the other hand sends diverted pulses to a binary counter, e.g. SN 7493 of Texas Instruments.
  • a synchronous counter Z01 e.g. the component SN 74193, produced and sold by Texas Instrument
  • the digital outputs 8, 11 of the second counter Z02 supply pulses of periodic frequency 64 and 32 per minute.
  • the pulses at the output 11 of the counter Z02 are sent to the input 14 of another binary counter Z03, e.g. again SN 7493 of Texas Instruments, which supplies, after a subsequent division of the frequency received, pulses of periodic frequencies 16,8,4 and 2 per minute, at its outputs 12,9,8 and 11 respectively.
  • the six frequencies thus obtained are supplied across the line 77, through an inverter circuit Z05 formed of the NAND gates, upon selection by means of the slider switch 24 (FIG. 2), whereby the positioning of the switch 24 allows the choice of one of these frequencies.
  • the "stop" position of the slider switch 24 gives a logic state 0 at the input 13 of a transfer circuit Z04 (e.g. SN 754504 of Texas Instruments), which causes the counters Z01, Z02, Z03 to stop, by means of the output 12 to Z04.
  • a transfer circuit Z04 e.g. SN 754504 of Texas Instruments
  • micro-flow metering apparatus of the invention will be also provided with a suitable power circuit, for ensuring its operation by both batteries and mains voltage, being adapted to supply regulated voltages. e.g. at 5 V and 12 V. This power circuit will not be described herein.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Flow Control (AREA)
  • Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)
US05/525,063 1973-11-21 1974-11-19 Automatic low throughput metering apparatus for selecting and controlling the flow rate of liquids Expired - Lifetime US4001801A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT31502/73 1973-11-21
IT31502/73A IT999442B (it) 1973-11-21 1973-11-21 Microdosatore per sostanze liquide provvisto di dispositivi elettronici di sezione e controllo del la cadenza di distribuzione

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US (1) US4001801A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5086365A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE822467A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA1023170A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH591114A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2454684A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES432122A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FI (1) FI337574A7 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2251338B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1485475A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT999442B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
LU (1) LU71313A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL7415209A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NO (1) NO744145L (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE7414553L (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4038982A (en) * 1975-12-03 1977-08-02 Burron Medical Products, Inc. Electrically controlled intravenous infusion set
US4073292A (en) * 1976-10-29 1978-02-14 William Edelman Control apparatus for the automatic treatment of diabetes
US4321461A (en) * 1980-04-18 1982-03-23 K/W/D Associates Flow rate monitor and totalizer with count display
US4328800A (en) * 1980-10-30 1982-05-11 Alvin J. Marx Automated intravenous fluid regulating and administering apparatus
US4328801A (en) * 1980-10-30 1982-05-11 Alvin J. Marx Automated intravenous fluid regulating and administering apparatus
US4372150A (en) * 1980-06-05 1983-02-08 Beckman Instruments, Inc. Flow monitoring method and apparatus
US4389886A (en) * 1981-03-02 1983-06-28 Lutheran General Hospital, Inc. Calibrating unit
US4452251A (en) * 1982-11-05 1984-06-05 Medrad, Inc. Syringe content indicating device
US4460353A (en) * 1980-09-08 1984-07-17 Imed Corporation Drop controller
US4504263A (en) * 1982-12-22 1985-03-12 Valleylab, Inc. Flow rate monitor with optical sensing chamber
US4718896A (en) * 1986-01-10 1988-01-12 Abbott Laboratories Apparatus and method for controlling the flow of fluid through an administration set
US4784645A (en) * 1982-11-04 1988-11-15 The Johns Hopkins University Apparatus for detecting a condition of a medication infusion system and providing an informational signal in response thereto
US4795060A (en) * 1985-03-14 1989-01-03 Peter Albrecht Device for the metered dispensation and registration of liquids
US4979094A (en) * 1987-04-07 1990-12-18 Possum Controls Limited Control system
EP0661305A1 (de) 1993-12-23 1995-07-05 BASF Aktiengesellschaft Formaldehydfreie wässrige Kunstharzdispersionen
US5888381A (en) * 1997-05-16 1999-03-30 United States Filter Corporation Water filter with pressure actuated flow monitor
EP1099483A1 (en) * 1999-11-11 2001-05-16 Allegro Technologies Limited Liquid droplet dispensing
CN103520803A (zh) * 2013-10-31 2014-01-22 长城信息产业股份有限公司 一种输液滴斗液面检测装置及方法
US11148929B2 (en) * 2017-06-26 2021-10-19 Dietmar GOMBOTZ Connector for water tank having a wireless filling level or consumption transmitter for water dispenser

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105163777A (zh) 2013-02-25 2015-12-16 希福特实验室有限公司 用于监控通过滴注器的流体的传送的装置、方法和系统
US11464905B2 (en) 2013-02-25 2022-10-11 Shift Labs, Inc. Monitoring device including an emitter emitting electromagnetic radiation and a detector positioned to receive the radiation to determine one or more rolling average flow rates

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3197068A (en) * 1964-04-27 1965-07-27 Corbin Farnsworth Inc Apparatus for monitoring the dispensing of liquid
US3623052A (en) * 1968-12-12 1971-11-23 Decca Ltd Automatic infusion apparatus

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3197068A (en) * 1964-04-27 1965-07-27 Corbin Farnsworth Inc Apparatus for monitoring the dispensing of liquid
US3623052A (en) * 1968-12-12 1971-11-23 Decca Ltd Automatic infusion apparatus

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4038982A (en) * 1975-12-03 1977-08-02 Burron Medical Products, Inc. Electrically controlled intravenous infusion set
US4073292A (en) * 1976-10-29 1978-02-14 William Edelman Control apparatus for the automatic treatment of diabetes
US4321461A (en) * 1980-04-18 1982-03-23 K/W/D Associates Flow rate monitor and totalizer with count display
US4372150A (en) * 1980-06-05 1983-02-08 Beckman Instruments, Inc. Flow monitoring method and apparatus
US4460353A (en) * 1980-09-08 1984-07-17 Imed Corporation Drop controller
US4328800A (en) * 1980-10-30 1982-05-11 Alvin J. Marx Automated intravenous fluid regulating and administering apparatus
US4328801A (en) * 1980-10-30 1982-05-11 Alvin J. Marx Automated intravenous fluid regulating and administering apparatus
US4389886A (en) * 1981-03-02 1983-06-28 Lutheran General Hospital, Inc. Calibrating unit
US4784645A (en) * 1982-11-04 1988-11-15 The Johns Hopkins University Apparatus for detecting a condition of a medication infusion system and providing an informational signal in response thereto
US4452251A (en) * 1982-11-05 1984-06-05 Medrad, Inc. Syringe content indicating device
US4504263A (en) * 1982-12-22 1985-03-12 Valleylab, Inc. Flow rate monitor with optical sensing chamber
US4795060A (en) * 1985-03-14 1989-01-03 Peter Albrecht Device for the metered dispensation and registration of liquids
US4718896A (en) * 1986-01-10 1988-01-12 Abbott Laboratories Apparatus and method for controlling the flow of fluid through an administration set
US4979094A (en) * 1987-04-07 1990-12-18 Possum Controls Limited Control system
EP0661305A1 (de) 1993-12-23 1995-07-05 BASF Aktiengesellschaft Formaldehydfreie wässrige Kunstharzdispersionen
US5753746A (en) * 1993-12-23 1998-05-19 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Formaldehyde-free aqueous synthetic resin dispersions
US5888381A (en) * 1997-05-16 1999-03-30 United States Filter Corporation Water filter with pressure actuated flow monitor
EP1099483A1 (en) * 1999-11-11 2001-05-16 Allegro Technologies Limited Liquid droplet dispensing
CN103520803A (zh) * 2013-10-31 2014-01-22 长城信息产业股份有限公司 一种输液滴斗液面检测装置及方法
CN103520803B (zh) * 2013-10-31 2016-02-10 长城信息产业股份有限公司 一种输液滴斗液面检测装置及方法
US11148929B2 (en) * 2017-06-26 2021-10-19 Dietmar GOMBOTZ Connector for water tank having a wireless filling level or consumption transmitter for water dispenser

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1023170A (en) 1977-12-27
FR2251338A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-06-13
FR2251338B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1977-03-25
BE822467A (fr) 1975-03-14
NO744145L (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-06-16
NL7415209A (nl) 1975-05-23
ES432122A1 (es) 1976-11-01
CH591114A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1977-09-15
LU71313A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-05-28
DE2454684A1 (de) 1975-06-26
IT999442B (it) 1976-02-20
GB1485475A (en) 1977-09-14
SE7414553L (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-05-22
JPS5086365A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-07-11
FI337574A7 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-05-22

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