US399611A - Manufacture of iron - Google Patents
Manufacture of iron Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US399611A US399611A US399611DA US399611A US 399611 A US399611 A US 399611A US 399611D A US399611D A US 399611DA US 399611 A US399611 A US 399611A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- iron
- sponge
- manufacture
- nickel
- metals
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 88
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 46
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052803 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N AI2O3 Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LBFUKZWYPLNNJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cobalt(II,III) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O.O=[Co]O[Co]=O LBFUKZWYPLNNJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000000396 iron Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory Effects 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
Definitions
- My present invention is directed to the manufacture of iron, which is to be used under eond'itions which subject it to a considerable degree of heat.
- ⁇ Vith changes of temperature the strength of iron varies; and it is the object of my invention, by regulating the composition of the iron, to secure a product which will be strong under all conditions, but particularly when raised in temperature, provided, of course, that a certain limit is not exceeded.
- Such an iron is especially desirable for fine boilerplates and axles.
- Certain metals when combined in a very small quantity (sometimes a mere trace) with iron, and which change their polarity relative to the iron with a certain increase of temperature, have the effectof materially increasing the strength of the iron at such higher temperature.
- These metals I term pyro-electric, and among them may be enumerated nickel, cobalt, and copper.
- My invention consists in a ferruginous alkaline sponge containing iron, an alkali, and one or more of the relatively pyro-elect-rical metals, and adapted. to be combined with the crude iron which is to be manufactured into the desired shapes.
- the fur nace with a suitable stock, such the following: Iron oxidesuch as Pilot Knob ore, of .llissouri-by weight, eighty-tl'iree (83) parts; limestone, nine parts; crude potash, one and one-tenth (1.1) part; aluminous substance, as commercial alumina, C(Hflll'ldlllll,
- scrap brick or shale or several of such substances, five and five-tenths (5.5) parts, and nickel, in an oxide, one and four-tenths (1.4:) part.
- This stock is fused with a suitable fuelsueh as coke and, having been drawn oil, forms the said semi-metallic sponge.
- I prefcr to add to the sponge a trace of cobalt, which may conveniently and will generally be done by using an oxide of nickel which is combined with a cobalt oxide.
- a trace of copper also has a material effect in imparting the said quality to the iron product, and I prefer to add this ele ment also to the sponge.
- Iron per se is the same in all of the most celebrated as well as in the ordinary brands, the more valuable qualities of the former brands being due to the other metals with which the iron is combined or alloyed.
- my invention I am enabled with the more ordinary and, as at present considered, less valuable brands to closely approach or equal the results obtained from the use of the most valuable and celebrated irons.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
Description
lllnTTnb STATES PATENT OFFICE.
ABRAHAM T. HAY, OF BURLINGTON, IOIVA.
MANUFACTURE OF IRON.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 399,611, dated March 12, 1889.
Application filed September 27, 1888. Serial No. 286,632. (No specimens.)
To all whmn it may concern.-
Be it known that I, ABRAHAM T. HAY, a citizen of the United States, residing at Burlington, in the county of Des Moines and State of Iowa, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Manufacture of Iron; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.
My present invention is directed to the manufacture of iron, which is to be used under eond'itions which subject it to a considerable degree of heat.
\Vith changes of temperature the strength of iron varies; and it is the object of my invention, by regulating the composition of the iron, to secure a product which will be strong under all conditions, but particularly when raised in temperature, provided, of course, that a certain limit is not exceeded. Such an iron is especially desirable for fine boilerplates and axles. Certain metals, when combined in a very small quantity (sometimes a mere trace) with iron, and which change their polarity relative to the iron with a certain increase of temperature, have the effectof materially increasing the strength of the iron at such higher temperature. These metals I term pyro-electric, and among them may be enumerated nickel, cobalt, and copper.
My invention consists in a ferruginous alkaline sponge containing iron, an alkali, and one or more of the relatively pyro-elect-rical metals, and adapted. to be combined with the crude iron which is to be manufactured into the desired shapes.
In order to make my invention clearly understood I will proceed to describe, by way of example, a practical means for carrying the same into eifect.
By means of a suitable retort or furnace such, for example, as that described in my patent, No. 390,945, dated October 9, 188SI produce a ferruginous alkaline sponge containing iron, calcium, potassium, aluminium, and nickel.
To produce the sponge, I charge the fur nace with a suitable stock, such the following: Iron oxidesuch as Pilot Knob ore, of .llissouri-by weight, eighty-tl'iree (83) parts; limestone, nine parts; crude potash, one and one-tenth (1.1) part; aluminous substance, as commercial alumina, C(Hflll'ldlllll,
scrap brick or shale, or several of such substances, five and five-tenths (5.5) parts, and nickel, in an oxide, one and four-tenths (1.4:) part. This stock is fused with a suitable fuelsueh as coke and, having been drawn oil, forms the said semi-metallic sponge.
\Vith regard to the proportions of the substances employed in the production of the sponge, I would remark that the relative quantities given above need not be rigidly adhered to. On the contrary, for the best results and greatest economy, said proportions should be governed by the requirements arising from the composition of the crude-iron stock and from the particular uses to which the product is to be applied. I therefore do not confine myinvention to all of the particular substances and proportions given in the above example.
I prefer to use the sponge by adding a suitable proportion-say from one to three and one-half per cent. in broken pieces-to the iron in the puddling or knobbling furnace at the time when the iron is in a liquid state.
To still further increase the described quality of this iron product, I prefcr to add to the sponge a trace of cobalt, which may conveniently and will generally be done by using an oxide of nickel which is combined with a cobalt oxide. A trace of copper also has a material effect in imparting the said quality to the iron product, and I prefer to add this ele ment also to the sponge.
Iron per se is the same in all of the most celebrated as well as in the ordinary brands, the more valuable qualities of the former brands being due to the other metals with which the iron is combined or alloyed. By my invention I am enabled with the more ordinary and, as at present considered, less valuable brands to closely approach or equal the results obtained from the use of the most valuable and celebrated irons.
Having thus described my invention, what I claim is A ferruginous sponge containing iron, an alkali, and a metal isomorphous with iron and thermoelectric relative thereto, substantially as set forth.
In testimony whereof I affix my signature in the presence of two witnesses.
ABRAHAM 'l. HAY.
\Vitnesses:
J. S. BARKER, E. K. STUR'JEVANT.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US399611A true US399611A (en) | 1889-03-12 |
Family
ID=2468573
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US399611D Expired - Lifetime US399611A (en) | Manufacture of iron |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US399611A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20020131391A1 (en) * | 1996-11-07 | 2002-09-19 | Interdigital Technology Corporation | Subscriber unit for compressing and transmitting high speed data |
-
0
- US US399611D patent/US399611A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20020131391A1 (en) * | 1996-11-07 | 2002-09-19 | Interdigital Technology Corporation | Subscriber unit for compressing and transmitting high speed data |
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