US397373A - Manufacture of cement - Google Patents
Manufacture of cement Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US397373A US397373A US397373DA US397373A US 397373 A US397373 A US 397373A US 397373D A US397373D A US 397373DA US 397373 A US397373 A US 397373A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- lime
- slag
- cement
- ingredients
- manufacture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 title description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 50
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 40
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 38
- 235000015450 Tilia cordata Nutrition 0.000 description 38
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 38
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 16
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N AI2O3 Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920002456 HOTAIR Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium monoxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011872 intimate mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
- C04B7/14—Cements containing slag
- C04B7/147—Metallurgical slag
Definitions
- a good Portland cement should analyze from fifty-eight to sixty per cent of lime, from twenty to twenty-six per cent-of silica, from eight to twelve per cent. of alumina and iron, and varying proportions of soda, potash, &c.; and
- silica 36.2 per cent
- alumina 11.10 per cent
- lime fortyeight per cent
- magnesia 1.4 per cent
- This lime is the principal ingredient required to bring the slag up to the proportion's of Portland cement, although in some cases an addi- .tion of silica or alumina may be requisite, and
- the lime can be supplied in regulated quantity through tubes, which shall enter the blast I tubes or tuyeres ata short distance from the point where they discharge into the cupola containing the slag I prefer to use slaked lime for the purpose, because it is in the condition of a'powder much finer than canbe produced by any mechanical process of grinding or reduction.
- This pulverulcnt lime is taken by the hot blast, and is blown into the body of the fluid slag a-tatemperature which prevents chillingof the slag, and is that at which the lime will unite with the slag chemically to form silicates of alumina and lime.
- the blast serving to blow these ingredients into and through the mass, and at the same time to maintain the charge at the temperature requisite toeifec-t the chemical union orcombination of the same. portion. of-lime to the charge of slag has been driven into the mass, the material thus formed is drawn off from the furnace in fluid form,
- lime can be in the form of caustic lime, if desired. 4
- lime powder I can use the lime or other added ingredients in the form of a paste, which is vaporized .by driving it with. steam (preferablysuperheated) into the hot-air blast.
- steam preferablysuperheated
- the hot-air blast at once dissipates the water-vapor and carries the impalpable lime 'or;other'solid residue into the molten slag.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Description
- UNITED STATES PATENT OFFI E.
ROBERT W. LESLEY, OFIPHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.
MANUFACTURE OF CEMENT.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 397,373, dated February 5, 1889..
. Application an Jmso, 18881 Serial No. 278,699. on specimens.)
To all whom it may con cm-1 1:
Be it known'that I, ROBER'I. W. LESLEY, of Philadelphia, in. the State of Pennsylvania,
have invented certain new and useful- Im provements in the Manufacture of Cement, of
which the following isa specification.
;- My invention consists of a new process of making from slags a cement which shall be of the quality of Portland cement; This process may be stated as follows I.
take the slag in molten condition as it runs from the blast-furnace, (having first ascering blown through t-ubesfor example, as
tuyeres-into the mass by a \Vhitwell or other suitable hot blast .at a temperature of,-say, 1,200" Fahrenheit, moreor less. A good Portland cement should analyze from fifty-eight to sixty per cent of lime, from twenty to twenty-six per cent-of silica, from eight to twelve per cent. of alumina and iron, and varying proportions of soda, potash, &c.; and
slags are to be found which will analyze: silica, 36.2 per cent; alumina, 11.10 per cent; lime, fortyeight per cent; magnesia, 1.4 per cent, and the balance of ingredients not afiecting the use of the material fora cement. This lime is the principal ingredient required to bring the slag up to the proportion's of Portland cement, although in some cases an addi- .tion of silica or alumina may be requisite, and
in other cases a small addition of the alkalies, potash, and soda maybe of benefit. In order to introduce the additional lime into the fluid slag, I, as before said, blow it into the mass by means of a hot blast. For this purpose the lime can be supplied in regulated quantity through tubes, which shall enter the blast I tubes or tuyeres ata short distance from the point where they discharge into the cupola containing the slag I prefer to use slaked lime for the purpose, because it is in the condition of a'powder much finer than canbe produced by any mechanical process of grinding or reduction. This pulverulcnt lime is taken by the hot blast, and is blown into the body of the fluid slag a-tatemperature which prevents chillingof the slag, and is that at which the lime will unite with the slag chemically to form silicates of alumina and lime. There is thus an intimate mixture and chemical union of the slag and the added ingredients, the blast serving to blow these ingredients into and through the mass, and at the same time to maintain the charge at the temperature requisite toeifec-t the chemical union orcombination of the same. portion. of-lime to the charge of slag has been driven into the mass, the material thus formed is drawn off from the furnace in fluid form,
is granulated by. being run into cold water or by being sprinkled with water, and this product then is ground or otherwise mechanically reduced to powder.
way as the lime. slaked, can be in the form of caustic lime, if desired. 4
In lieu of lime powder I can use the lime or other added ingredients in the form of a paste, which is vaporized .by driving it with. steam (preferablysuperheated) into the hot-air blast. The hot-air blast at once dissipates the water-vapor and carries the impalpable lime 'or;other'solid residue into the molten slag. I
thus present to the fluid slag the lime or other materials at about the temperature of the slag itself, and this causes a prompt and thorough intermingling of theatoms under conditions most favorable for the desired chemical reaction. I have set forth the details of the process which I prefer to employ. It is feasible, how- .ever, to inject the material'into and through 1 the fluid slag by means of a non-heated blast. In this event the pulverulent ingredients thus added would really be brought to heated condition by the time they were driven throughout the slag; but it would be advisable in such case, in order to avoid possibility of chilling the charge, to have fire or fuel in. the furnace containing the same, or to provide some extraneous means for maintaining the charge at the desired tcmpe aturc. By the injecting operation the added ingredients are driven v 1f silica or alumina. .are to lie-added, they can be added in the same The lime, instead of being When the proper pro- ICO .intimate and chemical union.
I am aware that it is not new, broadly con- 5 sidercd, to add lime to molten slag for cement- "making purposes. This has before been suggested by others and is not claimed by me;
- but I am not aware that it has ever before been attempted or-suggested to'inject or blow the 10 lime into and throughout the mass of slag in the manner and under the conditions hereinbefore expressed. *The' advantages-"and the I improved result due to this mode of procedure, as well as to the process of manufacture 1 5 as awhole, have been already stated, and need not be repeated here.
Having described my improvement, what I elainras new and of my own invention is as follows:
1. In the manufacture of cement from slags, the method of incorporating with the slag lime or other ingredients in the proportions necessary to bring the slag to a composition of Portland cement, which consists in Heating into slag heated to fluid condition the lime or other ingredients in finely-divided condigiog and at a high heat, substantially as speci- 2. The described process of making Portland cement, which consists in taking the molten slag drawn off from, iron-furnaces, injecting into .the. slag while still fluid highlyheated and'finely-divided lime or other ingredients, the'mass being maintained at the temperature at which said heated ingredients will chemically combine or unite with the slag, then running this fluid product or mixture into water or sprinkling it with water, so
' as to bring it to granular condition, and finally reducing this granular material-to a powder, substantially as hereinbefore set forth.
In' testimony whereof-I have hereun tosigned my name this 30th day of June, A. D. 1888.
I R. W. LESLEY.
Witnesses:
' EWELL A. DICK,
.1. Ban Irv.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US397373A true US397373A (en) | 1889-02-05 |
Family
ID=2466340
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US397373D Expired - Lifetime US397373A (en) | Manufacture of cement |
Country Status (1)
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4174974A (en) * | 1978-04-14 | 1979-11-20 | Standard Oil Company (Indiana) | Process for converting coal ash slag into portland cement |
US4213791A (en) * | 1978-10-02 | 1980-07-22 | Wilson Eddie K | Process for producing portland and other hydraulic cements |
-
0
- US US397373D patent/US397373A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4174974A (en) * | 1978-04-14 | 1979-11-20 | Standard Oil Company (Indiana) | Process for converting coal ash slag into portland cement |
US4213791A (en) * | 1978-10-02 | 1980-07-22 | Wilson Eddie K | Process for producing portland and other hydraulic cements |
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