US3966824A - P,P'-Disubstituted α-trichloromethylbenzylphenyl ethers - Google Patents
P,P'-Disubstituted α-trichloromethylbenzylphenyl ethers Download PDFInfo
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- US3966824A US3966824A US05/528,351 US52835174A US3966824A US 3966824 A US3966824 A US 3966824A US 52835174 A US52835174 A US 52835174A US 3966824 A US3966824 A US 3966824A
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- SUUTVGXBGQNQND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,2,2-trichloro-1-phenylethyl)-2-[2-(2,2,2-trichloro-1-phenylethyl)phenoxy]benzene Chemical class C=1C=CC=C(OC=2C(=CC=CC=2)C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)C=1C(C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)C1=CC=CC=C1 SUUTVGXBGQNQND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 9
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 101001022148 Homo sapiens Furin Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 101000701936 Homo sapiens Signal peptidase complex subunit 1 Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 102100030313 Signal peptidase complex subunit 1 Human genes 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 22
- -1 α-TRICHLOROMETHYLBENZYLPHENYL ETHERS Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 10
- YVGGHNCTFXOJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N DDT Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C(C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 YVGGHNCTFXOJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 231100000111 LD50 Toxicity 0.000 description 9
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 9
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 9
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 8
- 230000000749 insecticidal effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 6
- 241000257159 Musca domestica Species 0.000 description 6
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- IAKOZHOLGAGEJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-methoxyphenyl)-Ethane Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C(C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)C1=CC=C(OC)C=C1 IAKOZHOLGAGEJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000256187 Anopheles albimanus Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000257226 Muscidae Species 0.000 description 3
- 102000004316 Oxidoreductases Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108090000854 Oxidoreductases Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 241000257186 Phormia regina Species 0.000 description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- LBWJWHHOEQICIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfanyl-4-[2,2,2-trichloro-1-(4-methylsulfanylphenyl)ethyl]benzene Chemical compound C1=CC(SC)=CC=C1C(C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)C1=CC=C(SC)C=C1 LBWJWHHOEQICIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FIPWRIJSWJWJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl carbitol 6-propylpiperonyl ether Chemical compound C1=C(CCC)C(COCCOCCOCCCC)=CC2=C1OCO2 FIPWRIJSWJWJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000256057 Culex quinquefasciatus Species 0.000 description 2
- AHJKRLASYNVKDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N DDD Chemical compound C=1C=C(Cl)C=CC=1C(C(Cl)Cl)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 AHJKRLASYNVKDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000255925 Diptera Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000567412 Estigmene acrea Species 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000257149 Phormia Species 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229960005235 piperonyl butoxide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- GAQONLRCRPMWNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-4-[2,2,2-trichloro-1-(4-chlorophenoxy)ethyl]benzene Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1OC(C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 GAQONLRCRPMWNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QKBBRIUFQGXSKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-4-[2,2,2-trichloro-1-(4-ethoxyphenyl)ethoxy]benzene Chemical compound C1=CC(OCC)=CC=C1C(C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 QKBBRIUFQGXSKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CQXQDXZMKXKMRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxy-4-[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]benzene Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C(C)C1=CC=C(OC)C=C1 CQXQDXZMKXKMRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GLZYAMYEIZVSAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxy-4-[2,2,2-trichloro-1-(4-methoxyphenoxy)ethyl]benzene Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1OC(C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)C1=CC=C(OC)C=C1 GLZYAMYEIZVSAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQAPSMWXDFJNGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-trichloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethanol Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)C(O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 LQAPSMWXDFJNGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQMIPRIVNVYSDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-trichloro-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C(O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)C=C1 DQMIPRIVNVYSDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXNZTHHGJRFXKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chlorophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 WXNZTHHGJRFXKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000256186 Anopheles <genus> Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000271566 Aves Species 0.000 description 1
- YFPVSKMTGAGIEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ClC(C(C1=CC=C(C=C1)C)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C)(Cl)Cl.CCl Chemical compound ClC(C(C1=CC=C(C=C1)C)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C)(Cl)Cl.CCl YFPVSKMTGAGIEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FKLJPTJMIBLJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Compound IV Chemical compound O1N=C(C)C=C1CCCCCCCOC1=CC=C(C=2OCCN=2)C=C1 FKLJPTJMIBLJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000256054 Culex <genus> Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000256113 Culicidae Species 0.000 description 1
- UCNVFOCBFJOQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N DDE Chemical group C=1C=C(Cl)C=CC=1C(=C(Cl)Cl)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 UCNVFOCBFJOQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000920471 Lucilia caesar Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000699666 Mus <mouse, genus> Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007033 dehydrochlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- YWEUIGNSBFLMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphonate Chemical compound O=P(=O)OP(=O)=O YWEUIGNSBFLMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000974 larvacidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002267 larvicidal agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001231 less toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-methoxyphenol Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002688 persistence Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentoxide Inorganic materials O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000137 polyphosphoric acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002110 toxicologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000027 toxicology Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- ZBZJXHCVGLJWFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloromethyl(.) Chemical compound Cl[C](Cl)Cl ZBZJXHCVGLJWFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N31/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic oxygen or sulfur compounds
- A01N31/08—Oxygen or sulfur directly attached to an aromatic ring system
Definitions
- the present invention relates to new compositions of matter.
- it concerns p,p'-disubstituted ⁇ -trichloromethylbenzylphenyl ethers some of which exhibit selective or nonselective insecticidal and/or larvicidal properties, as well as greater or lesser degrees of biodegradability.
- the p,p'-disubstituted ⁇ -trichloromethylbenzylphenyl ethers of the present invention are a novel class of compounds. Their properties are such that they exhibit utilities as selective or nonselective insecticides and/or larvicides. In addition, many of the members of the class of compounds of the present invention also exhibit properties of biodegradability. In view of the fact that DDT [1, 1, 1 trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane], the insecticide in most widespread use today, is not biodegradable, these properties take on added importance by serving to minimize one of the greatest deficiencies of prior art insecticides.
- MFO multifunction oxidases
- methoxychlor [1,1,1-trichloro-,2,2-bis(p-methoxyphenyl)ethane] and methiochlor [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(p-methiophenyl) ethane] are readily attacked by MFO enzymes, which metabolically convert or boidegrade such analogs into environmentally acceptable products which are rapidly eliminated by animals.
- methoxychlor is an example of a biodegradable insecticide which is not generally accumulated in animal tissues and is, thus, a more prudent choice than DDT for a variety of uses where environmental pollution is an important factor.
- metoxychlor and other known symmetrical DDT analogs e.g., methylchlor [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-methylphenyl)ethane] and methiochlor
- methylchlor [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-methylphenyl)ethane] and methiochlor while exhibiting satisfactory insecticidal activity towards certain species of insects, exhibit considerably less insecticidal activity than DDT towards other species of insects.
- the compounds of the present invention are p,p'-disubstituted ⁇ -trichloromethylbenzylphenyl ethers.
- the two p,p' substituent groups are chosen from the group consisting of Cl, CH 3 , CH 3 O, and C 2 H 5 O.
- These compounds are biodegraded and metabolically converted to environmentally acceptable products by attack by MFO enzymes on the various substituents of the aryl rings to produce water-partitioning moieties.
- further biodegradability is provided by separation of the two aryl rings by cleavage of the -O-CH(CCl 3 )-bond, which is not present in DDT or its symmetrical or asymmetrical analogues.
- the presence of an oxygen atom between the two aryl rings of the compounds of the invention provides a means of increasing biodegradability ad does not destroy toxicity to insects.
- Such p,p'-disubstituted ⁇ -trichloromethylbenzylphenyl ethers may be synthesized by condensing the appropriate ⁇ -trichloromethylbenzyl alcohol (DDT-type carbinol) with equimolar quantities of the appropriate phenol using concentrated sulfuric acid or polyphosphoric acid as the condensing agent.
- DDT-type carbinol ⁇ -trichloromethylbenzyl alcohol
- the compounds of the present invention were tested for insecticidal activity by standard methods, and compared with the insecticidal activities of DDT and symmetrical analogs of DDT, such as methoxychlor.
- Toxicological methods for the determination of the topical LD 50 values to adult female S NAIDM and P SR houseflies, Musca domestica L. and to Phormia regina, and LC 50 values to clex pipiens quinquefas ciatus Say, and Anopheles albimanus Weid mosquitoes were described by Metcalf et al., 44 Bull. World Health Org. 363 (1971).
- the data of Table II indicate the insect toxicity of 9 different ⁇ -trichloromethylbenzylphenyl ethers to Musca domestica (S NAIDM and R SP strains), Phormia regina, and to Culex fatigans and Anopheles albimanus.
- the compounds with the highest intrinsic toxicity were CH 3 O, OC 2 H 5 (VII), Cl, OC 2 H 5 (VI), and C 2 H 5 O, OC 2 H 5 (IV).
- the CH 3 O, OCH 3 compound (II) had the largest SR value in both susceptible and resistant houseflies (22->8.7), indicating rapid detoxication, while the Cl, OC 2 H 5 compound (VI) had the lowest SR values (1.9-2.5).
- the most effective insecticide generally was VI ( ⁇ -trichloromethyl-p-ethoxybenzyl p-chlorophenyl ether) which had the lowest LD 50 values to the housefly and was only slightly less toxic to Phormia than the p,p'-diethoxy compound IV and to mosquito larvae than compound I.
- Toxicity in the symmetrical substituents was in the general order of C 2 H 5 O > Cl > CH 3 O > CH 3 .
- the synergistic ratios or SR values (LD 50 alone/ LD 50 synergized with piperonyl butoxide) shown in Table II indicate the role of the multifunction oxidase (MFO) in detoxifying the individual compounds. Since piperonyl butoxide serves to block the action of MFO, the synergized LD 50 values express the intrinsic toxicity of the compounds. With the detoxifying action of MFO enzymes blocked, the intrinsic toxicity of the compounds can thus be measured.
- MFO multifunction oxidase
- the compounds with the highest intrinsic toxicity were CH 3 O, C 2 H 5 (VII), Cl, C 2 H 5 O (VI) C 2 H 5 O, OC 2 H 5 (IV) and CH 3 O, CH 3 O (II), having synergized LD 50 values of 5.0, 9.5, 13.0, and 14.0 respectively.
- Compounds IV and VII were quite toxic to Phormia, which is dificient in MFO, with synergized LD 50 values of 16.5 and 16.0 respectively.
- Cl (I) was the most toxic, with an LC 50 ppm of 0.035 and 0.014 for Culex fatigans and Anopheles albimanus respectively.
Abstract
P,P'-DISUBSTITUTED α-TRICHLOROMETHYLBENZYLPHENYL ETHERS ARE A NEW CLASS OF COMPOUNDS WHICH SHOW VARYING DEGREES OF UTILITY AS SELECTIVE OR NONSELECTIVE BIODEGRADABLE INSECTICIDES AND/OR LARVICIDES.
Description
This is a division of application Ser. No. 318,206, filed Dec. 26, 1972 and now U.S. Pat. No. 3,894,092.
The present invention relates to new compositions of matter. In particular, it concerns p,p'-disubstituted α-trichloromethylbenzylphenyl ethers some of which exhibit selective or nonselective insecticidal and/or larvicidal properties, as well as greater or lesser degrees of biodegradability.
The p,p'-disubstituted α-trichloromethylbenzylphenyl ethers of the present invention are a novel class of compounds. Their properties are such that they exhibit utilities as selective or nonselective insecticides and/or larvicides. In addition, many of the members of the class of compounds of the present invention also exhibit properties of biodegradability. In view of the fact that DDT [1, 1, 1 trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane], the insecticide in most widespread use today, is not biodegradable, these properties take on added importance by serving to minimize one of the greatest deficiencies of prior art insecticides.
There is growing concern about the continuing liberation of vast quantities of DDT into the environment. The very qualities which make DDT such an effective contact or residual insecticide, i.e., its very low water solubility and high lipid solubility, caused by the non-polarity of the DDT molecule, result in its accumulation in the fatty or lipid tissues of animals. These properties result in ever increasing concentrations in the tissues of carnivorous animals at the upper ends of food chains. The problems associated with this magnification phenomenon are further intensified by the enzymatic metabolic conversion of DDT to the even more stable dehydrochlorination product, DDE [1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene].
Drug metabolizing enzymes, known as multifunction oxidases (MFO), which play a dominant role in detoxifying insecticides in both insects and higher animals, such as birds, fish, and mammals do not function on DDT and its metabolic derivatives DDE and DDD (or TDE) [1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane] as substrates. This single factor accounts for their storage and accumulation in animal tissues, especially at the higher ends of food chains.
Certain known symmetrical DDT analogs, such as methoxychlor [1,1,1-trichloro-,2,2-bis(p-methoxyphenyl)ethane] and methiochlor [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(p-methiophenyl) ethane] are readily attacked by MFO enzymes, which metabolically convert or boidegrade such analogs into environmentally acceptable products which are rapidly eliminated by animals. Thus, methoxychlor is an example of a biodegradable insecticide which is not generally accumulated in animal tissues and is, thus, a more prudent choice than DDT for a variety of uses where environmental pollution is an important factor. However, metoxychlor and other known symmetrical DDT analogs (e.g., methylchlor [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-methylphenyl)ethane] and methiochlor), while exhibiting satisfactory insecticidal activity towards certain species of insects, exhibit considerably less insecticidal activity than DDT towards other species of insects.
One attempt to remedy the problems of the prior art is disclosed in the copending application of Metcalf et al., "Insecticidal Biodegradable Analogues of DDT," Ser. No. 147,241, filed May 26, 1971, and having a common assignee with the present application. These asymmetrical analogues of DDT have in general proved to be biodegradable and effective as insecticides. The compounds in accordance with the present invention, however, offer a mechanism of molecular cleavage of the -O-CH(CCl.sub. 3)-bonds, whereby biodegradability may be increased. In addition to biodegradability, certain of the compounds of the present invention offer outstanding toxicity as either selective or non-selective insecticides. The compounds of the present invention are further distinguished from prior art insecticides in that they breakdown upon prolonged exposure to sunlight, which would prove to be beneficial in applications where persistence of the insecticide is either not necessary or undesirable.
It has been found from metabolic studies on insects, and mice, using a model ecosystem and the methods described in Kapoor, et al., 18(6) J.Agr., Food Chem. 1145 (1970), Metcalf, et al., J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 709 (1971) and also in the copending application of Metcalf et al., "Insecticidal Biodegradable Analogues of DDT", Ser. No. 147,241, filed May 26, 1971, and having a common assignee with the present application, that certain p,p'-disubstituted α-trichloromethylbenzylphenyl ethers with various substituent groups are readily attacked by multifunction oxidase (MFO) enzymes, and thus are substantially biodegradable. Insecticidal activity studies involving both DDT resistant and regular strains of house flies, the blow fly, various types of mosquitoes and other insects have further indicated that the compounds of the present invention are effective insecticides.
The compounds of the present invention are p,p'-disubstituted α-trichloromethylbenzylphenyl ethers. Preferably, the two p,p' substituent groups are chosen from the group consisting of Cl, CH3, CH3 O, and C2 H5 O. These compounds are biodegraded and metabolically converted to environmentally acceptable products by attack by MFO enzymes on the various substituents of the aryl rings to produce water-partitioning moieties. Also, further biodegradability is provided by separation of the two aryl rings by cleavage of the -O-CH(CCl3)-bond, which is not present in DDT or its symmetrical or asymmetrical analogues. The presence of an oxygen atom between the two aryl rings of the compounds of the invention provides a means of increasing biodegradability ad does not destroy toxicity to insects.
Such p,p'-disubstituted α-trichloromethylbenzylphenyl ethers may be synthesized by condensing the appropriate α-trichloromethylbenzyl alcohol (DDT-type carbinol) with equimolar quantities of the appropriate phenol using concentrated sulfuric acid or polyphosphoric acid as the condensing agent.
α-trichloromethyl-p-chlorobenzyl alcohol, 5.0g, was stirred with p-chlorophenol, 2.6g, and sulfuric acid, 35 ml, was added dropwise. After 2 hrs. of stirring, the mixture was poured onto ice and extracted with ether. After drying with sodium sulfate, the ether was removed under vacuum and the residue was recrystallized from ethanol to give α-trichloromethyl-p-chlorobenzyl p-chlorophenyl ether, mp 101°C. This method of synthesis is referred to in Table I as method A.
α-trichloromethyl-p-methoxybenzyl alcohol, 5.0g, and p-methoxyphenol, 2.48g, were added to a mixture of phosphorus pentoxide, 18g, and phosphoric acid, 12 ml, and heated for 1 hr. on the steam bath. After standing overnight, ice was added and the mixture extracted with ether. The product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel and eluted with 5% ether in petroleum ether (60°-68°C) to give α-trichloromethyl-p-methoxybenzyl p-methoxyphenyl ether, mp 90°C. This method of synthesis is referred to in Table I as method B.
Employing similar techniques, other compounds of the present invention were prepared. The properties and structures are set forth in Table I.
The compounds of the present invention were tested for insecticidal activity by standard methods, and compared with the insecticidal activities of DDT and symmetrical analogs of DDT, such as methoxychlor. Toxicological methods for the determination of the topical LD50 values to adult female SNAIDM and PSR houseflies, Musca domestica L. and to Phormia regina, and LC50 values to clex pipiens quinquefas ciatus Say, and Anopheles albimanus Weid mosquitoes were described by Metcalf et al., 44 Bull. World Health Org. 363 (1971). The methods for evaluation of metabolism by mouse liver homogenate and by female RSP housefly and salt-marsh caterpillar larvae Estigmene acrea Drury, were described by Metcalf et al., 5 J. Environ. Sci. Tech. 709 (1971). The results are detailed in Table II.
TABLE I __________________________________________________________________________ Chemical Structures and Properties of α-Trichloromethylbenzylphenyl Ethers Method of R.sup.1 R.sup.2 mp °C synthesis nmr data, α δ ppm __________________________________________________________________________ Cl Cl 101 A α-H 5.4 (s) CH.sub.3 O CH.sub.3 O 90 B α-H 5.36 (s), OCH.sub.3 3.36 (s), 3.8 (s) CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 Liquid B α-H 5.41 (s), CH.sub.3 2.33 (s), CH.sub.3 2.83 (s) C.sub.2 H.sub.5 O C.sub.2 H.sub.5 O Liquid B α-H 5.21 (s), OCH.sub.2 3.61- 4.13 (m), CH.sub.3 1.2-1.5 (m) Cl CH.sub.3 O 90 B α-H 5.43 (s), OCH.sub.3 3.43 (s) Cl C.sub.2 H.sub.5 O Liquid A α-H 5.43 (s), OCH.sub.2 3.83- 4.2 (q), CH.sub.3 1.26-1.5 (t) CH.sub.3 O C.sub.2 H.sub.5 O 80 B α-H 5.43 (s), OCH.sub.2 3.85- 4.2 (q), CH.sub.3 1.3-1.5 (t), OCH.sub.3 3.73 (s) CH.sub.3 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 O Liquid B α-H 5.32 (s), CH.sub.3 2.16 (s), OCH.sub.2 3.75-4.1 (q) CH.sub.3 1.2-1.46 (t) CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 O 142 B α-H 5.62, CH.sub.3 2.33 (s), OCH.sub.3 3.83 (s) __________________________________________________________________________
TABLE II __________________________________________________________________________ Toxicity of α-Trichloromethylbenzylphenyl Ethers to Insects Topical LD.sub.50 μg per g for __________________________________________________________________________ Musca domestica LC.sub.50 ppm Culex Anopheles Substituents SNAIDM R.sub.sp Phormia regina fatigans albimanus R.sup.1 R.sup.2 Alone pb SR Alone pb SR Alone pb SR larvae larvae __________________________________________________________________________ I Cl Cl 90 90 1.0 >500 180 >3.6 >250 >250 -- 0.035 0.014 II CH.sub.3 O CH.sub.3 O 300 14.0 22 >500 57.5 >8.7 125 82.5 1.5 0.51 0.10 III CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 265 90 2.9 >500 145 >3 135 100 1.35 0.12 0.18 IV C.sub.2 H.sub.5 O C.sub.2 H.sub.5 O 27.0 13.0 2.1 42 24.5 1.7 16.5 16.5 1.0 0.11 0.07 V Cl CH.sub.3 O 107.5 17.0 6.3 130 82.5 1.6 205 115 1.8 0.14 0.038 VI Cl C.sub.2 H.sub.5 O 18.5 9.5 1.9 31 12.5 2.5 31.2 31.2 1.0 0.067 0.044 VII CH.sub.3 O C.sub.2 H.sub.5 O 45.0 5.0 9.0 90 14.0 6.4 30.0 16.0 1.9 0.14 0.034 VIII CH.sub.3 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 O 72.5 20.5 3.5 65 22.0 2.9 46.2 30.0 1.5 0.18 0.066 IX CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 O >500 39.0 >13 >500 135 >4 >250 >250 -- 0.65 >1.0 __________________________________________________________________________
The data of Table II indicate the insect toxicity of 9 different α-trichloromethylbenzylphenyl ethers to Musca domestica (SNAIDM and RSP strains), Phormia regina, and to Culex fatigans and Anopheles albimanus. The compounds with the highest intrinsic toxicity were CH3 O, OC2 H5 (VII), Cl, OC2 H5 (VI), and C2 H5 O, OC2 H5 (IV). The CH3 O, OCH3 compound (II) had the largest SR value in both susceptible and resistant houseflies (22->8.7), indicating rapid detoxication, while the Cl, OC2 H5 compound (VI) had the lowest SR values (1.9-2.5).
The most effective insecticide generally was VI (α-trichloromethyl-p-ethoxybenzyl p-chlorophenyl ether) which had the lowest LD50 values to the housefly and was only slightly less toxic to Phormia than the p,p'-diethoxy compound IV and to mosquito larvae than compound I. Toxicity in the symmetrical substituents was in the general order of C2 H5 O > Cl > CH3 O > CH3.
The synergistic ratios or SR values (LD50 alone/ LD50 synergized with piperonyl butoxide) shown in Table II indicate the role of the multifunction oxidase (MFO) in detoxifying the individual compounds. Since piperonyl butoxide serves to block the action of MFO, the synergized LD50 values express the intrinsic toxicity of the compounds. With the detoxifying action of MFO enzymes blocked, the intrinsic toxicity of the compounds can thus be measured. For the Musca domestica SNAIDM, the compounds with the highest intrinsic toxicity were CH3 O, C2 H5 (VII), Cl, C2 H5 O (VI) C2 H5 O, OC2 H5 (IV) and CH3 O, CH3 O (II), having synergized LD50 values of 5.0, 9.5, 13.0, and 14.0 respectively. Compounds IV and VII were quite toxic to Phormia, which is dificient in MFO, with synergized LD50 values of 16.5 and 16.0 respectively. As a larvicide Cl, Cl (I) was the most toxic, with an LC50 ppm of 0.035 and 0.014 for Culex fatigans and Anopheles albimanus respectively.
Employing the techniques disclosed in Metcalf et al., 5 J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 709 (1971), the compounds of the present invention have been shown to be biodegradable.
The foregoing detailed description has been given for clearness of understanding only, and no unnecessary limitations should be understood therefrom as modifications will be obvious to those skilled in the art.
Claims (5)
1. Insecticides having the formula ##SPC1##
where R1 and R2 are selected from the group consisting of substituents Cl, CH3 , CH3 O, and C2 H5 O, provided that at least one of R1 and R2 in Cl or CH3 .
2. An insecticide as claimed in claim 1 wherein R1 is Cl.
3. An insecticide as claimed in claim 1 wherein R1 is CH3.
4. An insecticide as claimed in claim 1 wherein R2 is Cl.
5. An insecticide as defined by claim 1 wherein R2 is CH3.
Priority Applications (1)
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US05/528,351 US3966824A (en) | 1972-12-26 | 1974-11-29 | P,P'-Disubstituted α-trichloromethylbenzylphenyl ethers |
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US318206A US3894092A (en) | 1972-12-26 | 1972-12-26 | P,P{40 -Disubstituted alpha-trichloromethylbenzyl ethers |
US05/528,351 US3966824A (en) | 1972-12-26 | 1974-11-29 | P,P'-Disubstituted α-trichloromethylbenzylphenyl ethers |
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US318206A Division US3894092A (en) | 1972-12-26 | 1972-12-26 | P,P{40 -Disubstituted alpha-trichloromethylbenzyl ethers |
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US3966824A true US3966824A (en) | 1976-06-29 |
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US05/528,351 Expired - Lifetime US3966824A (en) | 1972-12-26 | 1974-11-29 | P,P'-Disubstituted α-trichloromethylbenzylphenyl ethers |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4678811A (en) * | 1984-10-17 | 1987-07-07 | Schering Aktiengesellschaft | Substituted benzylethers, pesticides containing these compounds and method for their preparation |
EP0504812A2 (en) * | 1991-03-19 | 1992-09-23 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Aromatic compounds, their production processes and their compositions for the control of insect pests |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3787505A (en) * | 1971-05-26 | 1974-01-22 | Univ Illinois | Insecticidal biodegradable analogues of ddt |
-
1974
- 1974-11-29 US US05/528,351 patent/US3966824A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US3787505A (en) * | 1971-05-26 | 1974-01-22 | Univ Illinois | Insecticidal biodegradable analogues of ddt |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4678811A (en) * | 1984-10-17 | 1987-07-07 | Schering Aktiengesellschaft | Substituted benzylethers, pesticides containing these compounds and method for their preparation |
EP0504812A2 (en) * | 1991-03-19 | 1992-09-23 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Aromatic compounds, their production processes and their compositions for the control of insect pests |
EP0504812A3 (en) * | 1991-03-19 | 1992-10-28 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Aromatic compounds, their production processes and their compositions for the control of insect pests |
US5302619A (en) * | 1991-03-19 | 1994-04-12 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Aromatic compounds, their production processes and their compositions for the control of insect pests |
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