US3961A - Method of fastening cutters in machinery foe - Google Patents

Description

UNTTED STATES PATE T FFTCSE.

BENJAMIN BIOKNELL, OF CINCINNATI, OHIO.

METHOD 0F FASTENING GUTTERS IN MACHINERY FOR PLANING LUIVIBER.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 3,961, dated March 21, 1845.

To all whom z'tmag/ concern Be it known that I, BENJAMIN BicxNnLL, of the city of Cincinnati, in the county of Hamilton and State of Ohio, have made certain new and useful improvements in the manner of constructing machines for pla-n ing, j ointing, tonguing, and grooving boards or planks; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description thereof.

In my machine the planing is effected by means of two or more plane irons or cutters which are placedupon a dishing wheel or rather upon arms aflixed to a shaft which is made to incline from a vertical position usually about one inch to the foot. The lower sides of the arms which carry the cutters form an obtuse angle with the axis of the shaft inclining upward therefrom in the same degree in which the shaft is inclined from the perpendicular so that in the revolution of said shaft the edges of the cutters shallwhen at their lowest point be in a horizontal position which is that in which they act upon the board or plank. Instead of the arms there may be a dishing or conical wheel; and in speaking of the planing apparatus I shall, sometimes therefore denominate it the planing wheel; this planing wheel it will be seen resembles such as have been before used. The cutters of this wheel are so combined and arranged as to give to them what I denominate a longitudinal spiral action as they plane the board, by which action they are prevented from cutting along any considerable part of their length at the same instant, when one end of the knife is cutting the other being raised from the board the cutting action of its edge being successive and not simultaneous along its whole length. This action commences at the heel of the cutter and cuts obliquely across the board by a shaving motion that` entirely obviates that tearing or eating so common in cross grained and knotty stulf which results from the usual `manner of arranging such cutters. The particular manner of effecting this will be presently explained. The cutters move in a direction the reverse of that of the stuff which is being cut and along and close to their cuttingf edges there extends a piece of iron or steel plate constituting a spring slide which bears upon the board with suflicient force to hold it lirmly down upon its bed, thus counteracting the lifting action of the cutters. This spring is capable of 'being adjusted by set screws, and serves not only to regulate the cut but bears the board down and prevents its chattering. The stuff 1s fed up to the cutters by means of feed rollers, as in some other machines and when the boards or planks are to be tongued and grooved as well as planed I effect this by means of my improved tonguing grooving and Jointing heads which revolve horizontally in front of the planing wheel. The head for grooving and jointing is furnished with four bits or cutters of suflicient width tojoint the edge of the board or plank and with four grooving bitswhich extend out beyond vthe edges of the jointing bits sufficiently to cut the groove to its proper depth. The touguing head is furnished with four bits that cut the upper rabbet or shoulderof the tongue with two bits to cut the under shoulder or rabbet; with one bit for jointing the edge of the tongue and one bit for chamfering the same arranged and combined in a manner to be presently explained.

In the accompanying drawings Figure l,

is a top view of the principal parts of my C, C, are two planingarms which carry the plane irons or cutters the under side of which arms are shown in Fig. 2. Y

D, D, D, are the upper feeding rollers which are geared to similar rollers below the plank the upper rollers being drawn down by means of elliptic springs, which cross the under side of the machine and are connected to the boxes'of the upper rollers by stirrups on the outside of the frame. The upper rollers are geared to the lower by means of wheels E E which have long or finger teeth that allow the necessary play according to the varying thickness of the board. y

F, F, are guide pieces immediately under the planing arms upon one of which guide pieces I form a tongue which takes into the groove which has been formed in the plank.

G, is a guide in rear of the planing apparatus and H is a spring bearing the board up against it. These guide pieces are made adjustable to adapt them to stuff of dif.

ferent widths.

drum shaft and passes around a pulley on the planing wheel shaft giving the necessary motion to it.

I will now proceed to describe the peculiar construction of the planing wheel or arms as represented in Figs. l, 2, and 3, the latter of which is a t-ransverse section of one of the arms in the line X X of Fig. 2. The irons cr cutters pass through slots in the arms, c, c, and and are secured therein by set screws; a, a, are the irons which are double and Z), the set screws by which they are heldin place. The direction in which the edges of the cutters stand as related to each other is distinctly shown at a, a, Fig. 3. In describing this figure I will call a, the point land a the heel of the cutters.

The dimensions of the planing wheel or arms vand their appendages as well as of other parts of thel apparatus may of course be varied but I will give those which I have used and have found'to answer well in practice..

The arms, C, are eighteen inches long from the center of the shaft to their eX- tremitiesor if said arms made part of a wheel it would be one of three feet in diameter. A line drawn from the point of one cutter to that of the other would pass through the center of the shaft or middle of the aXis but the heels a aof the cutters would stand four inches in advance of this line, the cutter Vbeing thirteen inches long. This placing of the heels of the cutters in advance of `'the right line joining their points, in combination with the angle which the edge of the cutters forms with the axis produces the peculiar. action of the cutters which I have denominated the longitudinal spiral action. Under my arrangement the heel of the cutter comes 'first into contact with the face of the board near one edge and operates in a right line on that part while its point is nine inches back of the same line. The rst action of the cutter is consequently outward from the center, the heel finishing on a right line while the cutter stands in an oblique direction or an angle of about forty tive degrees upon the board and as the cutting action is in right line from the j heel to the point when the outer end of the bit has arrived at its lowest or finishing point its heel will have passed the said point o-r line four inches, and will have been varied about one eighth of an inch 'abovel the face of the board. From the nature of the action above described the cutters have an e'ective forward motion longitudinally, and when the point of the cutter has reached its finishing point its heel will have drawn 0E about one inch from the inner edge of the board. For a board of twelve inches in width a cutter of thirteen inches will beV required. The edges of the cnutter must be I, is a belt proceeding from the main ground a little rounding longitudinally,

this being necessary to its forming a levelV vplates of iron or steel that constitute the spring slide that forms one side of the throat of the plane; these are fixed on to secondary arms K, K, that stand in front of the arms C, C, by means of two lugs c c, cast on the hub of the planing wheel; the spring slides are fastened totheir arms by means of screws d, CZ, d; and their pressure on the board may be regulated by set screws c, tapped through the secondary arms, and having their points bear on the inner edge of the spring slides. The construction of these slides and the manner of their attachment are plainlyV shown in the section Fig. 3. To reduce the friction on the board a conical friction roller may constitute the bearing part of this -spring apparatus; Vthe conical form of the roller being adapted to the curve around which it has to pass. The planing arms C, C, I have made five inches deep; the openings, `or slots through them to receive the cutters are thirteen and a half inches long and seven eighths of an inch wide. The planing wheel may make from iive hundred to seven hundred and fifty revolutions in a minute. It is hung in a sliding frame which may be raised or lowered by means of the hand wheel L L, so as to adapt the cutters to the thickness of the stuff to be planed; for this purpose they mayv have a range of five or siX inches if desired.

I will now proceed to describe another modification Vof the planing wheel which I have constructed, and have used without the spring slides, although they may be used in combination.

In Fig. 6, of the accompanying drawing I have given a representation of the planing wheel above referred to as an improved modification of that shown in Figs. 2, and 3; and in Fig. 7, I have represented one of the arms `as seen in a cross 'section either in the lines y, y, or e, e, of Fig. 6. In making this wheel I do not leave any throat through the 'arms for the passage of shavings, the irons or cutters, and the strips of metal by which they are fastened, entirely filling the slots, or openings, made through the arms to receive them. The irons, or cutters are shown at 0, o; a rectangular strip of metal p, p', passes into, and fills a recess made in the arms c, c, to receive it; g, Fig. 7, is a screw 'that is tapped into the arm, the line which receives it being parallel to that of the face of the iron, or cutter 0, this screw has a conical end r, which passes into an opening adapted to it in form, at the junction of the strip p, with the arm C, one half of said opening being in each piece. It will be seen that under this arrangement the end r, of the screw will operate as a wedge and will ei'ectually fasten the iron, or cutter in place; the rectangular form of the strip p, will in` sure a direct bearing on the cutter7 and prevent all-danger of its shifting while being tightened. To each arm there are two such screws, say in the lines y, y, and a, e'. Excepting in the particular arrangements above set forth, the planing wheel is like that first described.

In Fig. l, M, is the tonguing, and N, the grooving head, a separate lateral view of which is given in Figs. 4, and 5. These heads I have made nine inches in diameter. On the tonguing head there are four cutters f, which cut the upper shoulder or rabbet, of the tongue, and two, g, g, which cut the under rabbet; between these there are two shorter cutters l1., and i, one of which, h, is straight on its edge and serves to joint the edge of the tongue; and the other, z', hollow so as to chamfer, or take o its sharp angles, thus preparing it to enter freely into the groove. The grooving head N, constitutes also a jointing head, as it serves to reduce boards to a width as well as to groove them. It has for this purpose four wide cutters j, of suiiicient width to joint the thickest board that it is int-ended to groove. The grooving cutters 7c, are also four in number; these stand out from the jointing cutters to a sufficient distance to cut the groove to its proper depth. These heads I usually make of cast iron, and I confine the cutters in place by means of screws, the heads of which are seen at m, m',- these screws are made tapering, and as they screw in they press out the wedge `piece fn., n, against the cutters and hold them hrmly in their places; they are therefore very readily removed and adjusted. The tonguing and grooving heads may be raised and lowered at pleasure; and the tonguing head may be moved in and out, in the ordinary way, to adapt it to stuff of different widths. These heads should make about two thousand revolutions in a minute. The

machine may be thrown into and out of gear by means of a lever T, T, in a manner well known and which will be seen by inspection; this machine may be driven by any adequate power.

In the drawing O, represents the main driving wheel, carrying a belt P, which gives motion to the main drum shaft at the rear end of the machine, which shaft carries the respective belts, as that marked I, which gives metio-n to the planing wheel, Q which gives motion to the feeding rollers and U, U, which drive the heads M, and N. The belt Q, drives the pinion R on the shaft of the pulley S, and the gearing therewith connected, as will be seen readily by inspecting the drawing. This gearing may of course be varied from the arrangement represented; and the proper speed of the moving parts may be regulated by the relative sizes of the respective wheels, drums, and pulleys, in a manner well understood by every machinist. I have spoken of two arms and cutters on the planing wheel, there may, however, be three, or more, but two will be found sufficient, and, I believe, best.

Having thus fully described the nature of my planing machine, and shown the construction and operation of the respective parts thereof, what I claim therein as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

The particular manner in which I form and arrange the parts concerned in fastening the cutters, or irons, in the planing wheel, under that form or modication of it which is last described in the foregoing specification; these parts consisting of the strip of metal p, inserted in the arms, and of the screws g, with their tapering points r, arranged and operating as set forth, and also the analogous arrangement of the screws and wedge pieces for fastening the cutters of the tonguing, grooving, and jointing heads; the respective irons, or cutters of these heads being formed, arranged, and combined, in the manner above described.

` BENJAMIN BICKNELL.

Witnesses:

Trios. P. JONES, EDWIN L. BRUNDAGE.

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