US393553A - Process of manufacturing steel direct from the ore - Google Patents
Process of manufacturing steel direct from the ore Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US393553A US393553A US393553DA US393553A US 393553 A US393553 A US 393553A US 393553D A US393553D A US 393553DA US 393553 A US393553 A US 393553A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- ore
- carbonaceous material
- steel direct
- manufacturing steel
- wash
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 14
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 10
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000015450 Tilia cordata Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001070 adhesive Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 4
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon tetrachloride Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000004013 Groin Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- DXPOSRCHIDYWHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Xamoterol Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1OCC(O)CNCCNC(=O)N1CCOCC1 DXPOSRCHIDYWHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000003405 preventing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/008—Use of special additives or fluxing agents
Definitions
- I integrated ore in suitable proportions-about Be it known that I, llIATTHEW GRAFF, a twenty'five to thirty-three per cent., more or citizen of the United States, residing at Pitts less, by weight,of the ore.
- the coating or would fuse the metallic iron,which would then wash will protect the carbonaceous material convert the phosphoric acid to its elemental to such an extent as to prevent a rapid com- 7 condition and then absorb it. bustion thereof, and hence there will be a 25
- the object of the invention herein is to so slower generation of carbonic oxide.
- the carbonic ceous material as to afford opportunity for the oxide will be enabled to form a chemical combination of the carbon with the oxygen of union with the oxygen of the ore, thereby So the ore and to prevent the generation of such forming carbonic acid,whereas if the carbona- 30 a heat as will fuse the metallic iron, which in ceous material were unprotected the oxygen its molten condition will readily combine with would not be given OE With sufficient rapidity the phosphorus. to combine in proper proportions with the In general terms, the invention consists in large volumes of carbonic oxide rapidly 8 the process or method, all as more fully hereevolved from the carbonaceous material. 3 5 inafter described and claimed.
- the charge is heated to about a cherry-red
- the carbostate In the practice of my invention I take any heat and maintained thereat until the gangue is suitable form of carbonaceous material-hard melted into a fluid slag and until the oxygen coal,or coke produced in the usual manner or has been entirely removed, or practically so, 0 by the combustion of fluids or by the distillaand the metalliciron broughtinto an adhesive 40 tion of oils, such as petroleum.
- the carbostate In the practice of my invention I take any heat and maintained thereat until the gangue is suitable form of carbonaceous material-hard melted into a fluid slag and until the oxygen coal,or coke produced
- naceous material is then broken up into small
- the fluid slag removes or takes up from the lumps and then ground up or reduced to about sponge a greater part of the impurities held the size of coarse sand preparatory to mixing therein, including phosphoric acid.
- iron ore similarly prepared.
- Any suitable material which will retard or lessen the combustion of the carbonaceous material may be employed in lieu of the lime or loam to form the wash.
- theherein-described process which consists in intimately mixing the ore with a carbonaceous material protected as while hot it is immediately dis-' steel direct from ore
- the herein described process which consists in intimately mixing the ore with a carbonaceous material protected by a coating of lime as against rapid combustion, and then subjecting the mixed ore and carbonaceous material to the action of the reducingflame in a suitable furnace, substantially as set forth.
Description
UNiTEn STATES PATENT OF ICE.
MATTHEW GRAFF, OF PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA.
PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING STEEL DIRECT FROM THE ORE.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 393,553, dated November 27, 188 8. Application fi'ed January 4. 1888. Serial No. 259.795. (No specimens.)
To aZZ whom, it may concern: I integrated ore in suitable proportions-about Be it known that I, llIATTHEW GRAFF, a twenty'five to thirty-three per cent., more or citizen of the United States, residing at Pitts less, by weight,of the ore. The'mixed ore and burg, in the county of Allegheny and State of carbonaceous material are then charged into Pennsylvania, have invented or discovered a a suitable reverberatory furnace and there certain new and useful Improvement in the subjected to a sufficient degree of heat to lib- Process of Manufacturing Steel Direct from crate the oxygen groin the ore and also to melt the Ore, of which improvement the following the matrix in which the iron is held. The is a specification. I bottom of the reducing-furnace is formed first IO In the attempts heretofore made to manuofa layer of comparative] large lumps of carfacture steel direct from the ore the carbonabonaceous material and then with a layer of ceous material and the ore were crushed or smaller lumps, and finally with a layer of fine broken up,and after beingthoroughlymingled I material, which will iill the interstices bewere placed inasuitablefurnaee and subjected tween the lumps and formasmooth bed. The
15 to a reducing-heat. This method, however, material forming this bed is either coated has proved practically unsuccessful on ac with a wash of lime or loam prior to being countof the rapid combustion of the carbona placed in the fnrnacc,or else a quantity of the ceous material, which would be entirely conwash is poured over the bed after being formed. sumed before thorough deoxidation could be I In lieu of forming the bottom of carbonaceous 2c effected; and, further, the heat generated in material, as above stated, unwashed graphite the combustion of the carbonaceous material may be employed, if desired. The coating or would fuse the metallic iron,which would then wash will protect the carbonaceous material convert the phosphoric acid to its elemental to such an extent as to prevent a rapid com- 7 condition and then absorb it. bustion thereof, and hence there will be a 25 The object of the invention herein is to so slower generation of carbonic oxide. On acretard orlessen the combustionof the carbonacount of this slow generation the carbonic ceous material as to afford opportunity for the oxide will be enabled to form a chemical combination of the carbon with the oxygen of union with the oxygen of the ore, thereby So the ore and to prevent the generation of such forming carbonic acid,whereas if the carbona- 30 a heat as will fuse the metallic iron, which in ceous material were unprotected the oxygen its molten condition will readily combine with would not be given OE With sufficient rapidity the phosphorus. to combine in proper proportions with the In general terms, the invention consists in large volumes of carbonic oxide rapidly 8 the process or method, all as more fully hereevolved from the carbonaceous material. 3 5 inafter described and claimed. The charge is heated to about a cherry-red In the practice of my invention I take any heat and maintained thereat until the gangue is suitable form of carbonaceous material-hard melted into a fluid slag and until the oxygen coal,or coke produced in the usual manner or has been entirely removed, or practically so, 0 by the combustion of fluids or by the distillaand the metalliciron broughtinto an adhesive 40 tion of oils, such as petroleum. The carbostate.
naceous material is then broken up into small The fluid slag removes or takes up from the lumps and then ground up or reduced to about sponge a greater part of the impurities held the size of coarse sand preparatory to mixing therein, including phosphoric acid. When deit with iron ore similarly prepared. These oxidation has been efiected and the metallic 5 small lumps or particles of carbonaceous mairon is in an adhesive condition, it is bailed or terial are then coated or covered with a thin worked up into masses of a suitable size, relime or loam wash, which may be applied in moved from the furnace, and immediately any suitable manner-as, for example, pourcharged into an open-hearth furnace containing the wash over the carbonaceous material ing a bath of molten iron or steel. By balling 50 or by immersing the latter in a bath of the up the iron and working it as free as possible wash. The carbonaceous material thus profrom the slag, a comparatively pure mass of teeted or coated is mixed with the broken or d isiron is obtained for subsequent working,and by charging solved in the bath,and any impurities, includ ing phosphorus, which it may contain are liberated and rise up into the slag before the heat of the bath can so convert them as to permit of their absorption by the iron.
Any suitable material which will retard or lessen the combustion of the carbonaceous material may be employed in lieu of the lime or loam to form the wash.
In some cases it is preferred to mingle the carbonaceous material and the ore and to charge them into the furnace before the wash or coating has become dry, thereby prevent ing any loss of the ore and carbonaceous material in the form of dust.
I claim herein as my invention 1. As a step in the art of manufacturing steel direct from ore, theherein-described process, which consists in intimately mixing the ore with a carbonaceous material protected as while hot it is immediately dis-' steel direct from ore, the herein described process, which consists in intimately mixing the ore with a carbonaceous material protected by a coating of lime as against rapid combustion, and then subjecting the mixed ore and carbonaceous material to the action of the reducingflame in a suitable furnace, substantially as set forth.
In testimony whereofl have hereunto set my hand.
MATTHE\V GRAFF.
\Vitncsses:
W. B. CoRwIN, DARWIN S. Worico'r'r.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US393553A true US393553A (en) | 1888-11-27 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US393553D Expired - Lifetime US393553A (en) | Process of manufacturing steel direct from the ore |
Country Status (1)
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US (1) | US393553A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3346367A (en) * | 1964-05-26 | 1967-10-10 | Bailey Inv S Inc | Shrouded fuel blast furnace operation |
US4547219A (en) * | 1982-07-02 | 1985-10-15 | Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Method of reducing iron ore using petroleum coke |
-
0
- US US393553D patent/US393553A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3346367A (en) * | 1964-05-26 | 1967-10-10 | Bailey Inv S Inc | Shrouded fuel blast furnace operation |
US4547219A (en) * | 1982-07-02 | 1985-10-15 | Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Method of reducing iron ore using petroleum coke |
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