US393362A - Furnace - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1. W. D. DICKSON.

FURNAGE. No. 393,362. Patented Nov. 27, 1888.

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W. D. DICKSON.

PURNAGE.

No. 393,362. Patented Nov. 27, 1888.

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NTTED STATES PATENT @erica WILLIAM D. DICKSON, OF PEORIA, ILLINOIS.

FURNAC.

:SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 393,362, dated November 27,1888.

Application filed April 14, i888. Serial No. 270,695.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that l, WILLIAM D. DIoKsoN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Peoria, county ofPeoria, and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Furnaces, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact specification.

My invention relates to heating furnaces, which are usually placed in a room or apartment different from that which it is intended to heat, generally in a room below-as the cellar or basement; and it has for its object to provide a furnace which, besides heating the air for the apartment, also draws and leads away therefrom the air which has become more or less vitiated, and separates that portion thereof which is the most heavily charged with foul or deleterious gases and' passes such portion out through the draft-flue, while the purer portion of the air, which, coming from the heated apartment, is usually .at a much higher temperature than the external air, is passed in proximity to the furnace, to be again heated and returned to the apartment, the deciency caused by the discharge of the vitiated air being supplied by pure external air.

In the embodiment of my invention I make use of the well-known fact that the vitiated air in living-apartments is heavier than the pure air, owing to the presence of a greater or less amount of carbonieacid gas mixed'therewith, and hence sinksto the lower part of the This impure air, together with the cool air, which also sinks to the lower part of the apartment, is drawn off by proper pipes to the furnace, where the heavier vitiated portion may beseparated and passed out through the draftiiue, while purer air is reheated and returned to the apartment.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a front view of the furnace. Fig. 2 is a vertical section thereof, parts being in elevation. Fig. 3 is a perspective View, the casing being broken away. Fig. 4 is a perspective view, partly broken away, from a different point of view from that in Fig. 3. Fig. is across-sectional view on the line 5 5, Fig. 2. Figs. 6 and 7 are detached views showing different positions of one of the regulating-valves. Fig. 8

is atop view of the head and upper portion of the easing detached, parts being omitted for (No model.)

the sake of clearness. Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the furnace base detached. Fig. 10 is a sectional View on a smaller' scale, show ing modifications of the invention.

In the drawings, A represents lthe fire-pot, supported above the ash-pit C and surrounded by the inner casing, B, and the outer casing, D, the space between which easings is divided by vertical partitions into a number of tlues, to be hereinafter described. The outer easing is cut away in front of the furnace, so as to permit ready access to and manipulation of the doors a and c, which respectively close the openings to the {ire-chamber and the ash-pit, and are situated in substantially the plane of the inner casing, thereby reducing the length of the throat a', and rendering access to and observation of the lire more easy than were the doors situated in tne plane of the outer casing. The front portion of the inner casing is also, by preference, eut away, and the opening thus formed is closed by a removable shield, B', having an opening for the nose or filling-throat a of re-pot. This shield is held in place by buttons b b or equivalent devices at its upper corners, and is provided along its lower edge with a iiange or projecting lip, b, adapted to rest upon the ash-pit. By removing the shield, the door a being iirst taken off, ready access to the furnace is had without necessitating the removal of the entire casings.

E represents the top or head of the furnace, provided with a deiiecting-cone, e, as is common in this style of heaters.

F designates the base, preferably of cast metal, and of proper shape to support the casings B and D. The upper portion of the base may be provided with a trough, H, adapted to contain water, such trough being, by preference, cast integral with the base, as shown in Fig. 9.

ff represent a series of bars extending between the base and the ash pan or pit, and by preference also east integral with the base.

Another water-receptacle, H', (shown in Fig. 10,) may be used in connection with or in place of the water-trough H. It is shown as supported between the upper edges of the two casings B and D just below the top E, so that the heated air therein will pass over the water and be thereby charged with moisture, and

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may extend entirely round between the casings or part way only, as may be preferred.

G represents a heating chamber or drum situated Within the upper portion of the inner casing, B, and into which the products of combustion are discharged from the fire-chamber A, thereby heating drum G to a high degree. The products of combustion are led off from the drum through the smoke-pipe I. The foul and cooled air which settles to the lower part of the apartment to be heated is conducted to the furnace through the pipe K, which leads 'from the lower part of the room, preferably about on a level with the door, and delivers the air into the space between the outer and inner easiugs, D and B. The heavier vitiated portion of the air falls to thelower part of the space incloscd between the casings B and D, and is either drawn under the grate,and th ence passed through the fire and out with the products of combustion, or else is directed immediately into the exit-due in a manner to be described, while the lighter portions of the air pass upward through the openings b, through the casing B, around the tire-receptacle and past the drum G, and linally,after being heated, into the pipes L, whereby they are conducted to the apartment or apartments to be warmed.

S represents an exit-pi pe situated preferably in rear of the fire-pot between it and the casing B, and connected in any suitable manner with the draft or smoke iue and through the box T with the ash'pit C. The foul air which collects in the lower part of the space between the casings is conducted into the box T through the pipes M M, one entering the box on each side. These pipes are supported above the Y watertrough II upon cross-pieces m, and are bottomless or open along their under sides throughout a portion of their length in order to more readily collect the foul air.

Vithin the box T is arranged a damper or valve, by which the course of the foul air, and at the same time the draft of the furnace, are regulated. The style of damper or valve which I prefer is illustrated particularly in Figs. 6 and 7. It consists of two plates; N O, connected so as to move together by strips or bars n,the whole bei ng supported upon a shaft, P, so as to be turned thereby. When the valve is in the position shown in Fig. (l, the plate O closes the opening to the exit-lue S, and the plate N, lying upon the bottom of the box T, leaves the passage therefrom into the ash-pit perfectly free, so that the draft to the fire will be entirely unobstructed and the combustion willbeaccelerated. Vhen,however,the valve is turned into the position shown in Fig. 7, the plate O is moved back against the rear wall of the box T, thus uncovering the fine or pipe S, while at the same time the plate N is lifted, closing the passage between the pipes M and the ash-pit U. This causes the foul air to be discharged directly into the exit-flue and shuts off the draft. Between these two extremes (illustrated in Figs. 6 and 7 the valve may be adjusted to any desired position, thus directing more or less air into the draft-chamber below the fire pot, thereby regulating the degree of combustion to any desired extent. When the grate is beingshaken,the damper is so turned as to eut 0E all connections between the ash-pit and the foul-air pipes and open communication therefrom directly into the smoke-flue, when by opening the front ashpt door all dust, e., will be carried out with the products of combustion.

The arrangement of the lines may be varied somewhat from that just described without departing from the spirit of my invention. For instance, in the construction illustrated in Fig. 10 the pipe S, instead of passing into the drum G, leads directly into the chimney.

The box T is raised some distance above thc bottom of the ash-pit, so that the ashes will not get therein and interfere with the working of the damper, and so there may be a free passage of air to the grate over the ashes.

The damper may be operated in any desirable manner. Preferably I arrange connections whereby it may be worked both from in immediate proximity tothe furnace and from the apartment being heated. I have shown such a construction wherein the shaft Pis extended upon one side to a considerable distance beyond the side of the box T, and is provided with au arm, p, and with a pulley, p. Connected with the arm p is a slide-bar, Q, extending through the walls of the casings to a place for conveniently operating the same, while a cord or chain, Q', extends from the apartment around the pulley p. By either one of these devices the damper or valve N O may be regulated. Of course any other wellknown means for regulating the damper may be employed.

In order to furnish a supply of fresh air to replace that drawn off through the pipes M M and passed out through the exit-pipes, I provide one or more fresh'air flues, J J, leading from the external airinto passages J J,formed by proper partitions between the casings B D. These passages J com municate near theirlower ends with the space surrounding the fire-pot through openings j, opposite which are arranged shields or upward-inclined deflectingplates j', which immediately give the air an upward direction into contact with the heater, s0 that the danger of its falling and being eventually drawn through the pipes M into the draft is avoided. The wall ofthe casing B is perforated at j near the upper portion of the flue J', and adjacent theretois mounted a valve or damper, J, so arranged as to either close the opening j2 or be moved out to uncover the opening and close the flue Jlor to occupy an intermediate position. By this means the cold air from the iiue J may be directed either downward to become heated before passing into the hot-air pipes, or else it may be passed into the upper port-ion of the space surrounding the heater to cool off the air being delivered through the pipes L should that be found to be too hot.

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R represents a hand-hole,which may be covered by a suitable cap-piece, through which may be inserted any suitable cleaning-implement for removing the soot from the heating drum or chamber G.

In Figs. 2, 3, and 8 is illustrated a device whereby I may regulate the proportion of heated air directed to any one apartment. I mount in the head or top E of the furnace-cas ing, below the deiiector e, two or more-the number depending upon the number of pipes L-wing-plates, U, supported upon a shaft or headed spindle, W, depending from the coneshaped defiector, from which they project radially, and around which they are separately movable.

v indicates a flange extending around theinner face of the head E, and serving to support the outer ends of the wings or vanes U,which are provided with lugs or projections a, resting upon said fiange. Supposing but two liues L leading to different apartments leave the casing E, in which ease but two wings U are necessary, and it is desired to have a greater portion of the heat directed through one of said pipes than through the other, in such event the wings U should be so arranged as to divide the space in the head unequally, the larger division being that from which the pipe L which it is desired should deliver the more heated airleads.

From the above description it will be seen that a constant circulation of air between the heated apartment and the furnace is main tained, and that at each return of the air itis deprived of the more vitiated portions thereof,

which are passed off with the products of comcomparatively pure condition is delivered to the rooms being heated, is delivered to the fur-v nace through pipe K at a temperature much above that of the external' atmosphere,wl1ence the entire supply is usually drawn.

Vhile I have described a furnace constructed according to the most approved manner for carrying outmy invention, it will be understood that it may be varied in many of its details of construction and arrangement without departing from the essential features of the invention. Forinstauce, the devices whereby the fouler portions of the returned air from the apartments are passed off and the balance is reheated may be dispensed with and such returned air passed directly into the exhaust orsmoke liuc. This arrangement will be found particularly desirable in large buildings, where many apartments are to be heated, or in crowded apartments, where largefamounts of air have to be passed off.

XVithont limiting myselfto the precise construction and arrangement of parts shown and described, I claim- 1. In a furnace, the combination of the lire pot, a casing surrounding the fire-pot closed against the entrance of the products of combustion, a pipe opening into the said casing and leading therefrom to the apartment to be heated, another pipe for conducting the partially-vitiated air from the apartment to the furnace, a passage through which the more vitiated air is directed into an exit-flue, and another passage through which the less vitiated portion is passed into the said casing, substantially as described.

2. In a furnace, the combination of the lirepot, a casing surrounding the iirepot and closed against the entrance of the products of combustion, a pipe opening into the said casing and leading therefrom to the apartment to be heated, another pipe conducting the partially-vitiated air from the apartment to the furnace, a passage situated adjacent to the lower portion of the casing, into which it opens, into which the last said pipe delivers, and which is also connected with the exitliue of the furnace, and a fresh-air pipe opening into the said casing, substantially as set forth.

3. rIhe combination, with a furnace having a surrounding casing, a combustionvchamber, and an exit-line, of a pipe for conducting the partially-vitiated air from the apartment to the furnace, a passage wit-hin the casing through which the more vitiated portions of the air are passed, connected, respectively, with the exit-flue directly and with the combustionchamber of the furnace, and a damper situated in the said passage and movable to direct the Vitiated air either into the eXitfiiue or to the combustionchamber, substantially as described.

4. The combination of a lire-pot, a easing surrounding the same, within which the air is heated, a return air-pipe for conducting the Vitiated air from an apartment opening into the lower part of the space between the tirepotand the casing, an air-passage situated in the lower part of the space inclosed by the said casing and below the said opening, and connected with the exit-fine of the furnace, and a hot-air pipe leading from the upper portion of the casing to the apartment, substantially as set fort-h.

5. The combination of the lire-pot, theinner and the outer casings surrounding the same and separated by air-spaces, a return air-passage conducting the heavier vitiated air from the apartment to the space between said casings, an airpassage connected with the exitflue opening into the lower portion of said space, and openings from said space into the space surrounding the fire-pot situated above said air-passage, substantially as described.

(i. The combination of a heater, an inner and au outer casing surrounding the same and separated therefrom and from each other by airspaces, a hot-air tiue extending from the space surrounding the heater to the apartment to bev ICO warmed, a return-flue from said apartment to sage connected with the exit-flue opening into the last said space, and openings above said air-passage through the inner casing, whereby the lighter portions of the return air are reheated and again passed to the apartment, substantially as described.

7. The combination, with the heater and the casing surrounding the same, of a fresh-air iiue delivering air through said casing to the heater near the lower portion thereof, an opening between said fine and the space inclosed by said casing near the upper portion thereof, and a regulating-damper situated in said tine near said opening, whereby the air may be directed either into the lower or upper portion of said space, substantially as described.

8. The conibination,with afurnace, of a line conducting the vitiated air from the apartment to the furnace, a divided air-passage from said due leading below the grate of the furnace and to the exit-flue, and a shifting-val`ve arranged in the said passage to direct the air into one or the other of said divided passages, substan tially as described.

9. The combination, with a furnace having a firepot, an exit-Hue for the products of combastion, and a draft-chamber below the repot, of a box or casing connected with the said ue and wit-h the draftcharnber, a return-pipe conducting air from the apartment to the furnace, au air-passage between the said returnpipe and the box or casing, and a damper or valve situated in said box to direct the current of air either into the due or the draftchamber, substantially as described.

l0. The combination of the lire-pot, the. drum into which pass the products of combustion7 a Hue, S, entering the drum, a box connected with said flue and the draft-chamber below the tire-pot, a damper or valve situated in said box to direct a current of air either into the iiue S or to the draftchamber, a returnpipe, K, leading vitiated air from the apartment to the furnace, and an air-passage between said return-pipc and the box, substan tially as described.

11. The combination of the firepot, a casing surrounding the same cut away to form an opening surrounding the door to the fire-pot, and a removable shield secured to the casing and closing said opening, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two sub scribing witnesses.

WILLIAM D. DICKSON.

Vitnesses:

L. M. THURLOW, A. KEITHLEY.

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