United States Patent [191 Wagenhals WASTE PRODUCTS INCINERATION SYSTEM FOR A VEHICLE OR THE LIKE [75] Inventor: Bruce E. Wagenhals, Fountain Valley, Calif.
[73] Assignee: Monogram Industries, Inc., Santa Monica, Calif.
22 Filed: Apr. 3, 1974 21 Appl. No.: 457,589
[52] US. Cl. 4/114; 4/115; 4/131',
21/102; 60/317; 123/1 A; 204/149; 210/152 [51] Int. Cl. 860R 15/04 [58] Field of Search 4/1, 8,10,11, 12, 18,
4/100, 114, 115, 131, 118, DIG. 3, DIG. 10; 204/149; 21/102; 210/152; 60/317; 123/1 A;
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,342,337 9/1967 Reid 4/1 X 3,568,215 3/1971 Riedel et 211... 3,666,103 5/1972 Green 4/114 X Dec. 16, 1975 3,731,490 5/1973 Sargent et a1 123/1 A X 3,782,704 1/1974 Schramm 285/156 X 3,816,073 6/1974 Miller 1 4/100 X 3,833,943 9/1974 Sturtevant.... 4/114 X 3,843,976 10/1974 Miya 4/1 Primary Examiner-John W. Huckert Assistant ExaminerStuart S. Levy I 4 Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Poms, Smith, Lande & Glenny 571 1 ABSTRACT A waste products incineration system for use in a vehicle wherein the waste products are pumped as a slurry from the holding tank of a toilet and directly into the stream of hot exhaust gases passing through the tailpipe of the vehicle. The slurry is deodorized, disinfected and converted into a foam for better burning thereof prior to entering the tailpipe. The temperature of the exhaust gases may be detected to thereby activate the pump when a predetermined burning temperature is reached to initiate the burning process.
1'0 Claims, 3 Drawing Figures Control System .U.S. Patent Dec.16,1975 Sheet 1012 3,925,827
Control System I F s Vacuum Engi n e Switch Fl G .3
U.S. Patent Dec. 16,1975 Sheet2of2 3,925,827
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WASTE PRODUCTS INCINERATION SYSTEM FOR A VEHICLE OR THE LIKE BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The invention relates to a waste products incineration system; and, more particularly, to improvements in a waste products incineration system which utilizes the hot exhaust gases passing out of the tailpipe of a vehicle to burn the waste products.
2. Description of the Prior Art It has been suggested in a US. Pat. No. 3,342,337 to Reid to utilize the hot exhaust gases passing through the tail-pipe of a vehicle to burn the waste products deposited into a toilet mounted on the vehicle. However, such a system requires that the waste products be held in the tank until a substantially complete anaerobic process takes place to partially purify the fluids.
7 The patent to Reid further states that vaporization completes the purification process; however, there is a possibility that the vaporization process may not completely purify the waste products and thus obnoxious gases will be released to the atmosphere. Further, the system of Reid must be installed on the vehicle in a precise manner since gravity is utilized to carry off and burn the waste products. This type of installation is costly and may be impractical since the vehicle must be accommodated to the system. Finally, Reid utilizes a complicated drum system which is costly to install and is not equipped, due to the tube 42 which is of a relatively narrow diameter, to handle a large quantity of waste products in a relatively short time.
There thus exists a need for a waste products incinerau'on system which can be quickly and easily installed SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of this invention to provide an improved waste products incineration system associated with a vehicle wherein the temperature of the exhaust gases passing through the exhaust system of the vehicle initiates the burning process.
It is a further object of this invention to provide an improved waste products incineration system associated with a vehicle wherein the waste products are completely purified and completely burned in the exhaust system of the vehicle.
These and other objects are preferably accomplished by providing a system mounted on a vehicle including a pump for pumping a slurry of waste products from the holding tank of a toilet mounted on the vehicle directly into the stream of hot exhaust gases passing through the tailpipe of the vehicle. The slurry is deodorized, disinfected and converted into a foam for better burning thereof prior to entering the tailpipe. The temperature of the exhaust gases may be detected to thereby activate the pump when a predetermined burning temperature is reached to initiate the burning process.
products incineration system for installation on a vehi- 2 cle or the like in accordance with the teachings of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a circuit for carrying out the system of FIG. 1; and i FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a modification of a portion of the system of FIG. 1.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring now to the drawing and specifically to FIG. 1, a waste products incineration system 10 is shown which system is adapted to be used on a vehicle or the like. System 10 includes a toilet 11 which is adapted to be mounted in the floor 12 of the vehicle at some convenient location. It is to be understood that suitable controls or the like (not shown) are associated with toilet 11 for supplying a suitable amount of flushing fluid to the toilet when desired as is well known in the toilet art.
A discharge outlet 13 communicates toilet 11 with a holding tank 14. It is to be understood that outlet '13 may be valve-controlled, as is well known in the art, and tank 14 may be both vented to the atmosphere, as at vent 15, and may include suitable means for providing access thereto for cleaning the interior thereof (not shown).
A conduit 16 is in fluid communication with both the interior 17 of tank 14 and pumping means, indicated generally at 41, which comprises a pump 18. Any suitable pump may be used; however, it is to be understood that pump 18 includes a motor (not shown in FIG. 1) operatively connected to a control system 19 which will be described further hereinbelow. A conventionaloneway peristaltic pump may be used since such a pump has a low relatively constant and slow flow rate which is desirable in the system 10 to be further described herein. Also, it is desirable that pump 18 be a one-way pump, since as will also be discussed further hereinbelow, dangerous hydrogen gases are generated by the system 10 and it is essential that such fumes do not escape back into tank 14 where they may be released into toilet 11 and thus into the lavatory or the like where toilet 11 is installed.
A conventional liquid level sensor 20 is also disposed within the interior 17 of tank 14 for sensing the liquid level therein. Sensor 20 is also operatively connected to control system 19.
A screen 21 may be associated with conduit 16 at the point at which conduit 16 opens into the interior 17 of tank 14. Screen '21 thus acts to screen solids in the waste products disposed in tank 14 out of conduit 16 until such solids are broken down into liquid form. As will be discussed further hereinbelow, the agitation of the vehicle in which system 10 is installed serves to help break down the solids when the vehicle is being driven.
As particularly contemplated within the present invention, foam forming, deodorizing and disinfecting means are provided for converting the slurry of waste products being pumped from tank 14; as will be discussed further hereinbelow, into a foam and simultaneously deodorizing and disinfecting the slurry. In the exemplary embodiment, such foam forming, deodorizing and disinfecting means, indicated generally at 22, comprises a hollow elongated chamber 23 in fluid communication with pump 18 by means of a conduit 24. Chamber 23 is preferably generally cylindrical and of a suitable material, such as iron, to serve as the cathode for the reaction that will take place when the slurry of waste products is pumped from tank 14 therein. A solid elongated rod 25, of a suitable material to serve as the anode in the reaction, such as carbon, is preferably coaxially disposed along the central longitudinal axis of chamber 23 and retained in position in any suitable manner. Chamber 23 is closed at each end by end walls 26 and 27, respectively, with conduit 24 passing through a suitable aperture in end wall 26.
An injector pipe or conduit 28 extends through end wall 27 of chamber 23 and into fluid communication with the interior thereof. It can be seen in FIG. 1 that rod is so spaced from the inner wall 29 and end walls 26, 27 that a path is provided through chamber 23 for the slurry being pumped therein by pump 18 (as indicated by the arrows 30). Also, as indicated by lines 31, 32, suitable electrical connection is provided between the cathode (chamber 23) and the anode (rod 25), respectively, and control system 19.
It can be seen in FIG. 1 that conduit 28 opens directly into the tailpipe 33 extending from the conventional motor or engine 34 of a vehicle or the like. A conventional muffler 35 may be disposed between motor 34 and tailpipe 33 as is well known in the vehicle art.
It is to be understood that exhaust gases from motor 34 are being passed through the tailpipe 33 and out the end thereof to the atmosphere. These gases are extremely hot. e.g., having a temperature of over 800F. Also. it can be seen that injector conduit 28 injects the foam formed within chamber 25, as will be discussed shortly, directly into engagement with the exhaust gases passing through pipe 33. A screen 36 may be disposed at the opening of conduit 28 into the interior of tailpipe 33 for diffusing the foam into the stream of exhaust gases.
As particularly contemplated within the .present invention, heat detecting means are provided for detecting the presence of a predetermined temperature of the exhaust gases passing through the tailpipe 33 to thereby activate the pumping means indicated generally at 41. In the exemplary embodiment, such heat detecting means, indicated generally at 37, comprises a heat detecting device, such as a conventional temperature operated switch or probe 38, disposed in the tailpipe 33 directly in the path of the stream of hot exhaust gases passing therethrough. Probe 38 is operatively connected to control system 19 through circuit line 39. Probe 38 is adapted to detect the presence of sufficient heat in the exhaust gases within system 10, as for example, over about 800F, to thereby signal the control system 19 which in turn activates pump 18. This is the temperature which is sufficient to burn the foamed waste products within the tailpipe 33 using the heat of the exhaust gases passing therethrough as will be discussed further hereinbelow.
The control system 19 is energized by its connection to a battery 40 which may be either the battery for the vehicle itself on which system 10 is installed or an auxiliary battery thereon. Any suitable control system 19 may be used to carry out the invention. One such system will be described further hereinbelow with respect to FIG. 2.
The operation of the system 10 will now be described. It is to be understood that waste products are deposited in toilet 11 and flushed into tank 14 in the manner heretofore described. Also, the flushing fluid may contain a suitable electrolyte for the chemical reaction that will subsequently take place in the foam forming, deodorizing and disinfecting means 22. Thus, any substance, such as salt or sodium hypochlorite,
4 which, when dissolved in an aqueous liquid, forms a chloride ion, may be added to the flushing fluid and subsequently deposited in holding tank 14.
It is to be understood that the waste products are retained in holding tank 14 until it is desired to incinerate such products. While in the tank 14, the waste products break down into a liquid slurry. This breakdown of the solids in the waste products is facilitated by the agitation of the tank 14 when the vehicle in which system 10 is being driven.
Once the control system 19 is turned on as through a suitable button or the like connected thereto and mounted in a convenient location on the vehicle, the sensor 20 disposed in tank 14 above the screen 21 signals control system 19 when there is sufficient slurry in tank 14 to carry out the incineration process. As the vehicle is driven, exhaust gases from motor 34 pass through muffler 35 and out the tailpipe 33 to the atmosphere.
The heat detecting means, indicated generally at 37, detects the presence of sufficient heat in these exhaust gases to carry out the incineration process. The probe 38 of heat detecting means 37 is in direct contract with the exhaust gases and signals control system 19 which in turn signals the pumping means, indicated generally at 41, which thus activates the motor of pump 18. This pumps the slurry out of the interior 17 of tank 14, past screen 21 which blocks solids from entering conduit 16, through one-way pump 18 and into conduit 24 where the slurry enters the foam forming, deodorizing and disinfecting means, indicated generally at 22.
Thus, as indicated by arrows 30, the slurry enters the space formed within chamber 23 between the interior wall 29 thereof and the rod 25 in a constant relatively low rate of flow. The control system 19 in turn supplies suitable current to the anode and cathode (i.e., rod 25 and chamber 23) so that a chemical reaction takes place. That is, hydrogen is given off at the cathode (chamber 23) and chlorine and oxygen are given off at the anode (rod 25). Thus, some direct oxidation of the slurry takes place and chlorine and oxygen are produced at the anode which disinfects and deodorizes the slurry, kills any bacteria therein, and selectively breaks down odiferous compounds in the slurry while the hydrogen given off at the cathode converts the slurry into a foam. The one-way pump 18 seals off the foam forming, disinfecting and deodorizing means, indicated generally at 22, from the tank 14 so that no dangerous I hydrogen gases can escape back into the holding tank The foam is then injected through conduit 28 directly into contact with the stream of hot exhaust gases passing through tailpipe 33 and out into the atmosphere. The screen 36 serves to diffuse the foamed waste products into the stream of hot exhaust gases. The relatively high temperature of the exhaust gases completely burns the foamed waste products before they are exhausted into the atmosphere as harmless gases. The breakdown of the slurry into a foam by means of the foam forming, disinfecting and deodorizing means 22 enables the foam to burn and evaporate more quickly than if the waste products were directly injected into tailpipe 33 as a slurry. In addition, the foam forming, disinfecting and deodorizing means, indicated generally at 22, both deodorizes and disinfects the slurry so that no odoriferous or obnoxious gases are discharged into the atmosphere. The chlorine gas given off at the anode reacts with the organic materials in the waste products and breaks down into a chloride ion and is so emitted out of tailpipe 33. The hydrogen given ofi at the cathode burns in the tailpipe 33. The disinfecting step of the foam forming, disinfecting and deodorizing process kills any bacteria in the waste products. This operates as a fail-safe system since no bacteria can drip into tailpipe 33 and blow out of the tailpipe 33 when system 19 is inoperative.
Referring now to FIG. 2, a schematic illustration is shown of a control system 19 which may be used to carry out the waste productsincineration system heretofore disclosed. Like numerals refer to like parts of-FIG. 1. Thus, the control system 19 is adapted to be operatively connected to the ignition 42 of the vehicle on which it is installed. A switch 43 is provided in system 19 for activating system 19. A fuse 44 may be disposed between iginition 42 and system switch 43. Switch 43 is operatively connected to the solenoid 45 of a relay 46 (indicated in black diagram by the letter S). A pair of contacts 47, 48 are operatively connected, to solenoid 45 through a switch 49. Contact 48 is connected to an indicator lamp 50 which in turn is grounded at ground 51. As will be explained, lamp 50 signals when tank 17 is empty.
Solenoid 45 is also operatively connectedto a senso switch 52. Sensor switch 52 includes a pair of interconnected transistors 53, 54 with transistor 54 also connected to ground 55. Transistor 53 is connected to a probe or sensor 56 forming a first portion of liquid level sensor whereas a resistor 57 is connected to a second probe or sensor 58 forming a second portion of level sensor 20. Resistor 57 in turn is connected to relay 46.
The battery 40 is connected to a switch 59 adapted to engage a second set of contacts 60, 61 in relay 46. The contact 60 is operatively connected to a second relay 6 2. Second relay 62 includes a solenoid 63 operatively connected to a temperature operated switch 64, which may be the aforementioned probe 38. Switch 64 is connected to a ground 65. Contact 60 is also connected to a switch 66 adapted to engage a pair of contacts 67, 68 in relay 62. Contact 67 is connected to an indicating lamp 69, which may be grounded at 70, which is adapted to indicate that system 19 is in operation. The other contact 68 is connected to an indicating lamp 71, also grounded at 72, which is adapted to indicate that system 19 is ready for operation.
Battery 40 is also connected to a current limiter 73 for limiting the amount of current being passed to the anode and cathode of the foam fonning, disinfecting and deodorizing means, indicated generally at 22. Thus, limiter 73 is directly connected, via transistor 74, to the anode 25. A resistor 75 is also connected to transistor 74 and to a contact 76 which, along with a contact 77, is adapted to be contacted by a switch 78. Switch 78 is also connected to both battery 40 and transistor 74. A second switch 79 is connected to switch 78, battery 40 and transistor 74. This switch 79 adapted to engage a pair of contacts 80, 81. Contact 80 is connected to the motor 82 of the pumping means, indicated generally at 41. That is, motor 82 is adapted to energize pump 18 and is grounded, as at ground 83. A switch 84 is operatively connected to both motor 82 and contact 80.
Before describing the operation of system 19, it should be understood that the temperature switch 64 may be any suitable heat detector, such as a thermocouple, which will close with a pre-set increasing temperature, as for example, a temperature of about 800F to l0O0F. Such a switch 64 should also be adapted to open within a relatively short time, e.g., about 5 seconds, after the sensed temperature decreases below the aforementioned pre-set temperature. Also, in the system 19 described hereinabove, the switch 64 should operate with a 12 to 15 DC voltage source, e.g., battery 40, which may be a 12 volt D.C. vehicle battery. The switch 64 should also operate the ready and operate lamps 71 and 69 respectively.
The liquid sensor 20 preferably should signal when tank 14 is empty, i.e., when the liquid in tank 14 is below a predetermined level. It should also operate with a 12 to 15 volt D.C. source and with a minimum sensed signal. For example, in the sensor 20 disclosed as an example with respect to FIG. 2, the electrolyte within the liquid in tank 14 enables transistor 53 to sense the presence of liquid in tank 14, drive the other transistor 54 and thus activate relay 46 due to the ionized flow of current between probes 56 and 58.
Finally, before describing the operation of system 19, although the heat detecting means, indicated generally at 37, has been described as associated with the flow of the exhaust gases through the tailpipe 33 of the vehicle, as shown schematically in FIG. 3, the probe of the heat detecting means may be associated with the engine 34 of the vehicle. For example, in place of probe 38, a vacuum switch 85 may be associated directly with the engine 34 of the vehicle to respond to some predetermined vacuum pressure in engine 34 to therey signal the pumping means 41, as will be discussed shortly, when a predetermined temperature is present. This temperature in engine 34 is correlated to the temperature of the stream of exhaust gases passing out of tailpipe 33. However, the vacuum pressures of vehicles vary greatly from vehicle to vehicle and thus this manner of detecting the presence of sufficient heat in tailpipe 33 is not as efficient or as desirable as having probe 38 disposed directly in the path of the exhaust gases.
However, it is to be understood that temperature switch 64 in FIG. 2 may be either probe 38 or vacuum switch 85 and both the subsequent and foregoing descriptions are applicable to both.
Referring once again to FIG. 2, the operation of system 19 will now be described. First, ignition switch 42 is activated to start the vehicle in which system 19 is installed. System switch 43 is manually set to its on or operative position. If the level of liquid within tank 14 is sufficiently high enough to signal sensor switch 52, this signals switch 49, normally contacting contact 48 to signal the empty position at lamp 50, to open to engage contact 47. Meanwhile, the temperature operated switch 64 actuates lamp 72 to indicate that system 19 is ready.
As the vehicle in which system 19 is installed is driven, the solids in the waste products in tank 14 are broken down into a slurry. The temperature operated switch 64 activates switch 59 to engage contact 60 if sufficient temperature is present in the exhaust gases passing through tailpipe 33, e.g., about 800F to lOO0F. Simultaneously, ready lamp 71 is. inactivated. This activates the current limiter 73. Current is thus supplied to the foam forming, disinfecting and deodorizing means, indicated generally at 22, to start the foam forming, disinfecting and deodorizing process. This moves switches 78 and 79 to engage contacts 76 and 80, respectively, to start the motor 82 of the pumping means, indicated generally at 41. It is assumed that manually operated switch 84 is in the on or operative position.
Pump 18 thus begins to pump a slurry of waste products from the interior 17 of tank 14 through the foam forming, disinfecting and deodorizing means, indicated generally at 22, and into the exhaust stream passing through tailpipe 33. Switch 66 closes to engage contact 67 to actuate the operate lamp 69.
The pump 18 is activated until tank 14 reaches an empty condition. At that point, the liquid sensor probes 56, 58 sense that tank 14 is empty and opens the sensor switch 52 (or the temperature operated switch 64 may open if a temperature less than the predetermined temperature, e.g., about 800F. to lOOOF, is detected in tailpipe 33). This stops the current limiter operation which in turn stops both the foam forming, disinfecting and deodorizing process and pump 18. The operate" lamp 69 goes out and, if tank 14 is not empty, the ready indicator lamp 71 will light; if tank 14 is empty, the emptylamp 50 will light and the ready lamp 71 will go out.
The foregoing operation is based upon the use of the conventional electrical system of a vehicle to supply current (e.g., about 25 amps maximum) and voltage (e.g., about 12.6 volts DC to volts D.C. during charging or alternator operation).
The circuitry described hereinabove may be varied in a manner well known to the artisan. Any suitable arrangement of relays and solid state switching may be used.
The foregoing has described a waste products incineration system which may be used on a vehicle or the like to utilize the hot exhaust gases being emitted by the engine of the vehicle to burn completely the waste products in a non-polluting, odor-free manner. Although a particular type of system has been described, it is to be understood that the novel features of the invention, as set forth in the appended claims, may be applicable to installation on any suitable vehicle with variations in the circuitry and components described hereinabove. Such circuitry and components are intended to be limited by the appended claims.
I claim:
1. In a waste products incineration system for use on a vehicle or the like wherein said vehicle includes an engine and an exhaust system having a tailpipe exhausting a stream of hot exhaust gases from the engine to the atmosphere, the system further including a toilet mounted on said vehicle, a holding tank mounted on said vehicle in fluid communication with said toilet for receiving waste products therefrom, conduit means extending from fluid engagement with the interior of said holding tank into fluid engagement with the stream of exhaust gases passing through said tailpipe, and normally inactivated pumping means associated with said conduit means for selectively pumping a slurry of waste products from said holding tank to said tailpipe, the improvement which comprises:
electrolysismeans disposed between said pumping means and said tailpipe for electrolytically converting said slurry into a deodorized and disinfected foam before entry thereof into said tailpipe whereby solids in said foam are completely burned and liquids in said foam are completely evaporated when said foam comes into contact with the hot exhaust gases in said tailpipe thereby discharging 8 said waste products out of said tailpipe as totally harmless gases.
2. In the incineration system of claim 1 further including heat detecting means associated with both said vehicle and said pumping means for detecting the presence of a predetermined temperature of the exhaust gases passing through said tailpipe and activating said pumping means to thereby pump a slurry of waste products from said holding tank through said electrolysis means and into said tailpipe as a foam.
3. In the incineration system of claim 2 wherein said heat detecting means including a heat detector in direct engagement with the stream of exhaust gases passing through said tailpipe for detecting the presence of heat therein.
4. In the incineration system of claim 2 wherein said heat detecting means includes a pressure sensor associated with said engine for detecting the vacuum pressure of said motor.
5. In the incineration system of claim 1 wherein said conduit means opens directly into the tailpipe of said vehicle.
6. In the incineration system of claim 5 including diffusion means associated with said conduit means at the junction of said conduit means with said tailpipe for diffusing the foamed waste products into the stream of gases exhausting out of said tailpipe.
7. In the incineration system of claim 1 wherein said pumping means includes a one-way peristaltic pump.
8. In the incineration system of claim 1 including screening means associated with said conduit means disposed in the interior of said holding tank for preventing solids disposed in the waste products in said holding tank from entering said conduit means.
9. In the incineration of claim 1 wherein said electrolytic means includes an electrolytic reactor associated with said conduit means, said reactor including a cathode for giving off hydrogen upon contact with said slurry to thereby convert said slurry into a foam and an anode for producing both chlorine and oxygen to thereby disinfect and deodorize said slurry.
10. In a method for incinerating waste products disposed in a toilet mounted on a vehicle, said vehicle having an engine and an exhaust system having a tailpipe exhausting a stream of hot exhaust gases from the engine to the atmosphere, a holding tank mounted on the vehicle in fluid communication with said toilet for receiving waste products therefrom, conduit means extending from fluid communication with the interior of the holding tank into fluid engagement with the stream of exhaust gases passing through said tailpipe, and normally inactivated pumping means associated with said conduit means for selectively pumping a slurry of waste products from said holding tank to said tailpipe, the improvement which comprises the steps of:
electrolytically reacting said slurry prior to entry thereof into said tailpipe to thereby convert said slurry to a disinfected and deodorized foam; and conveying said foam into contact with the hot exhaust gases passing through said tailpipe whereby solids in said foam. are completely burned and liquids in said foam are completely evaporated thereby discharging said waste products out of said tailpipe as totally harmless gases.