US3924429A - Method and apparatus for reducing extrusion start-up pressure - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for reducing extrusion start-up pressure Download PDF

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Publication number
US3924429A
US3924429A US523403A US52340374A US3924429A US 3924429 A US3924429 A US 3924429A US 523403 A US523403 A US 523403A US 52340374 A US52340374 A US 52340374A US 3924429 A US3924429 A US 3924429A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
die
apertures
billet
valve plate
extrusion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US523403A
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English (en)
Inventor
Jr Francis Joseph Fuchs
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AT&T Corp
Original Assignee
Western Electric Co Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Western Electric Co Inc filed Critical Western Electric Co Inc
Priority to US523403A priority Critical patent/US3924429A/en
Priority to GB44517/75A priority patent/GB1514750A/en
Priority to CA239,038A priority patent/CA1041946A/en
Priority to BE161689A priority patent/BE835365A/xx
Priority to DE2550216A priority patent/DE2550216C2/de
Priority to SE7512646A priority patent/SE404661B/xx
Priority to FR7534476A priority patent/FR2290965A1/fr
Priority to CH1466275A priority patent/CH603266A5/xx
Priority to JP50135743A priority patent/JPS5171258A/ja
Priority to ES442594A priority patent/ES442594A1/es
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3924429A publication Critical patent/US3924429A/en
Assigned to AT & T TECHNOLOGIES, INC., reassignment AT & T TECHNOLOGIES, INC., CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). EFFECTIVE JAN. 3,1984 Assignors: WESTERN ELECTRIC COMPANY, INCORPORATED
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/005—Continuous extrusion starting from solid state material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C31/00—Control devices for metal extruding, e.g. for regulating the pressing speed or temperature of metal; Measuring devices, e.g. for temperature of metal, combined with or specially adapted for use in connection with extrusion presses

Definitions

  • This invention relates, broadly speaking, to improved method and apparatus for reducing extrusion start-up or peak pressure. More specifically, this invention relates to method of and apparatus for eliminating or substantially reducing start-up or peak pressure, which may be encountered in commencing hydrostatic extru- SlOn.
  • the pressure vessel for containing the extrusion operation, the die, die stem and related components must be designed to withstand this peak pressure which may, in some instances, be as much as 25 percent or more above run-out pressure, even though virtually the entire extrusion operation is performed at the lower run-out pressure.
  • the pressure vessel, die, die stem and related components are overdesigned by as much as 25 percent or more.
  • elimination or substantial reduction of peak pressure permits much higher (e.g., by an order of magnitude or so) ratios of reduction in equipment of a given design and pressure capability. Indeed, for certain materials, ratios of reduction are now attainable which heretofore were not attainable because of design limits on maximum pressure of equipment.
  • peak pressure and run-out pressure can be seen in the hydrostatic extrusion of a 0.300 inch diameter copper billet to produce 0.013 inch diameter wire, respresenting a reduction ratio of 500, wherein the peak pressure in the extrusion fluid is 370,000 psi and the run-out pressure in the extrusion fluid is 280,000 psi.
  • the present invention represents a different approach to the problem of elimination or substantial reduction of peak extrusion pressure, not involving preparation of the billet itself in the manner of the patents mentioned in the preceding paragraph.
  • One of the objects of this invention is to provide improved method and apparatus for eliminating or substantially reducing peak effort ordinarily required to initiate an extrusion operation.
  • a specific object of this invention is to provide improved method and apparatus for eliminating or substantially reducing peak pressure when commencing a hydrostatic extrusion operation.
  • a further object of this invention is to provide improved method and apparatus for smoothly commencing hydrostatic extrusion.
  • the billet is initially extruded through a multiple aperture die and after extrusion has commenced, all but one of the apertures is closed, extrusion being continued through the remaining open aperture.
  • FIG. 1 represents an idealized plot of extrusion effort (e.g., hydrostatic extrusion fluid pressure) vs. time for two conditions, viz., conventional extrusion and extrusion according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 represents a view in elevation of the entrance end of a multiple aperture die used with the present invention
  • FIG. 3 represents a medial longitudinal section of the multiple aperture die taken along the line 3-3 of FIG.
  • FIG. 4 represents a fragmentary view in elevation, partially in medial section, of extrusion apparatus employing the valve plate of the present invention.
  • FIG. represents a view in elevation of the valve plate from the line 33 of FIG. 2.
  • the difference between the maximum or peak pressure 2 and the run-out pressure 4 requires that the pressure vessel for containing the extrusion operation, the die, die stem and related components by overdesigned for this high transitory condition.
  • the present invention eliminates or substantially reduces the peak or maximum pressure 2, and permits the extrusion apparatus to be designed to operate substantially under the conditions of run-out pressure.
  • the multiple aperture extrusion die 5 with which the present invention is employed will, advantageously, be of the type disclosed in a pending US. Pat. application filed concurrently herewith in the name of Francis Joseph Fuchs, Jr. and entitled Multiple Aperture Die.
  • Such a die 5 is shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 as comprising a conical mouth 6 at the apex of which is provided a first die aperture 7 extending through the said die 5 and communicating with passageway 8 at the rear end of the die 5.
  • a plurality of second die apertures 9 is formed through the conical mouth 6 adjacent the entrance end 10 of the die 5, the said second die apertures 9 being radially equispaced around the die 5 as shown particularly in FIG. 2.
  • Each of the second die apertures 9 is provided with a bevelled entry 11 arranged asymmetrically relative to the longitudinal axis of the said second die aperture 9 and extending toward the first die aperture 7.
  • a line joining the longitudinal axes of the first die aperture 7 and a second die aperture 9 will bisect the bevelled entry 11 of the said second die aperture 9.
  • the angle between the bevelled entry 11 and the conical mouth 6 should lie in the approximate range of 4550.
  • Each second die aperture 9 communicates with a passageway 12 at the rear end of the die 5.
  • Die 5 has been shown with six second die apertures 9 spaced 60 apart. It will be understood that die 5 may be provided with fewer or with more second die apertures 9 than shown.
  • the present invention may use die 5 to particular advantage in hydrostatic extrusion apparatus of the type disclosed in US. Pat. No. 3,740,985 (1973), although the invention is capable of use with other types of ex- 4 trusion apparatus.
  • the said hydrostatic extrusion apparatus will be briefly described hereinbelow to aid in understanding the present invention.
  • US. Pat. No. 3,740,985 discloses coating the elongated surface of billet material with a shear transmitting medium which may, for example, be beeswax or polyethylene wax, and exerting through the shear transmitting medium a frictional or viscous drag force along the elongated surface of the billet material thereby to advance the billet material through a die to produce extruded product.
  • a shear transmitting medium which may, for example, be beeswax or polyethylene wax
  • the shear transmitting-medium desirably has high viscosity and shear strength, is capable of lubricating the die, provides good wetting action on the billet material, and has minimal viscosity variation with respect to pressure, temperature and shearing rate.
  • the means which exerts, through the shear transmitting medium, viscous drag force along the elongated surface of the billet material comprises trains of gripping element segments, each train being continuously propelled by pinion gears around a separate endless path, all of the trains of grippingelements meeting along one length of travel from a first station upstream of a die to a second station downstream of the die and cooperating along said common length of travel to form a continuously moving train of centrally apertured gripping elements moving toward the die.
  • a pressure cylinder surrounds the centrally apertured gripping elements upstream of the die and exerts a normal pressure gradient on'the said gripping elements increasing toward the die, whereby a normal stress gradient is built up in the billet material increasing toward the die.
  • die 5 is supported, as shown in FIG. 4, on die stem 13, the said die stem 13 having apertures extending therethrough in registry with apertures 7 and 9 of die 5.
  • the rear of die stem 13 is supported on die stem support 14 which is positioned in a counterbore in support plate 15, the latter being mounted to suitable auxiliary supporting structure (not shown).
  • Die stern support 14 and support plate 15 are each provided with a central first aperture 17 and with second apertures 18 surrounding the said first aperture 17, the first aperture 17 and the second apertures 18 registering with the apertures in the die stem 13 and hence with first die aperture 7 and second die apertures 9, respectively, in die 5.
  • Valve plate housing 19 having an inwardly directed peripheral flange 20, is securely mounted in a suitable manner to the rear of support plate 15.
  • Valve plate 21, having a central aperture 22 registering with first aperture 17in support plate 15 and having second apertures 23 adapted to register with second apertures 18 in support plate 15, is positioned in valve plate housing 19.
  • valve plate 21 flange retaining said valve plate 21 against the rear of support plate 15 with the central aperture 22 aligned with the first aperture 17.
  • Means are provided to rotate valve plate 21 in valve plate housing 19 from a position in which all second apertures 23 in the valve plate 21 register with all second apertures 18 in support plate 15 to a position in which all said second apertures 23 have been shifted completely to the sides of the said second apertures 18 and the said second apertures 18 are blocked by the valve plate 21.
  • said means may comprise, as shown in FIG.
  • valve plate 21 is rotated in valve plate housing 19 so as to open or close second apertures 18 in the support plate 15, the first aperture 17 in the support plate 15 always being open.
  • Valve plate housing 19, and particularly flange 20, should be strongly constructed so as to resist extrusion forces tending to push valve plate 21 away from support plate 15.
  • Threaded'shaft 26 is operated so as to rotate valve plate 21 to a position in which all second apertures 23 register with all second apertures 18, i.e., all second apertures 18 are open, in addition to central aperture 17 being open.
  • Billet 29, coated with shear transmitting medium such as beeswax or polyethylene wax, is advanced to and extruded through apertures 7 and 9 of die 5 by means of gripping element segments 30 propelled toward and past the die 5 by pinion gears (not shown) engaging teeth 31 on the exterior surfaces of the said gripping element segments 30, in the manner taught in US. Pat. No. 3,740,985.
  • the gripping element segments 30 cooperating as a train of gripping elements constitute a pressure chamber surrounding the billet 29 and exert, through the coating of shear transmitting medium, a frictional or viscous drag force along the surface of the billet 29 thereby advancing the said billet 29 against die 5 and through die apertures 7 and 9 therein.
  • valve plate 21 is operated, while the gripping elements continue to drive the billet 29 into and through the die 5, so as to slowly and gradually rotate valve plate 21 to a position in which all of the second apertures 18 are blocked off or closed and first aperture 17 remains open. Further extrusion of wires 33 will cease, and only wire 32 will continue to be ex- 5 truded, and the pressure in the shear transmitting medium will rise from point 35 along curve 36 to the level of curve 4 which represents the run-out pressure for single wire extrusion. Wires 33 downstream of valve plate 21 have been shown in FIG. 4 in phantom to indicate their temporary or transitory nature in the production operation.
  • the operation of the apparatus has heretofore been described in connection with the production of a single wire after all but one of the die apertures have been closed. It will be understood that the apparatus is not to be considered as being so limited, and that, upon closing the several of the die apertures, the remaining die apertures may be kept open to produce several wires. Thus, if die 5 has seven die apertures as shown, the valve plate may be designed to close down only five of these die apertures after commencement of extrusion, leaving two die apertures open for the continued production of two wires. As in the previously described operation, the undesirable transitory pressure peak is eliminated.
  • Method of producing wire from a billet comprising:
  • said apparatus comprising:
  • a die having a first die aperture and a second die aperture and an inlet end adapted to receive a billet and communicating with said first and second die apertures
  • said apparatus comprising:
  • a die having a first die aperture and a plurality of second die apertures, an inlet end adapted to receive a billet and communicating with said first and second die apertures, and an exit end adapted to discharge wire;
  • valve means for closing the second die apertures after extrusion has commenced through both the first and second die apertures such that extrusion continues only through said first die aperture.
  • valve means comprises:
  • valve plate operatively'associated with the exit end of said die, said valve plate having a plurality of valve plate apertures adapted to register with all of said second die apertures;
  • valve plate ii. operating means to place said valve plate in a first position in which all of said valve plate apertures register with all of said second die apertures or selectively in a second position in which all of said valve plate apertures are completely out of registry with all of said second die apertures.
  • said valve means comprises:
  • valve plate operatively associated with the exit end of said die, said valve plate having a first valve plate aperture registering with said first die aperture and a plurality of second valve plate apertures adapted to register with all of said second die apertures;
  • Extrusion die means comprising:
  • a die having a first die aperture and a second die aperture and an inlet end adapted to receive a billet and communicating with said first and second die apertures
  • Extrusion die means comprising:
  • a die having a first die aperture and at least one second die aperture and an inlet end adapted to receive a billet and communicating with said first and second die apertures, and an exit end adapted to discharge wire;
  • valve means for closing the at least one second die aperture after extrusion has commenced through both the first and second die apertures such that extrusion continues only through said first die aperture.
  • Extrusion die means as in claim 10, wherein:
  • said valve means comprises:
  • valve plate operatively associated with the exit end of said die, said valve plate having a plurality of valve plate apertures adapted to register with all of said second die apertures;
  • valve plate ii. operating means to place said valve plate in a first position in which all of said valve plate apertures register with all of said second die apertures or selectively in a second position in which all of said valve plate apertures are completely out of registry with all of said second die apertures.
  • said valve means comprises:
  • valve plate operatively associated with the exit end of said die, said valve plate having a first valve plate aperture registeringwith said first die aperture and a plurality of second valve plate apertures adapted to register with all of said second die apertures;

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
US523403A 1974-11-13 1974-11-13 Method and apparatus for reducing extrusion start-up pressure Expired - Lifetime US3924429A (en)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US523403A US3924429A (en) 1974-11-13 1974-11-13 Method and apparatus for reducing extrusion start-up pressure
GB44517/75A GB1514750A (en) 1974-11-13 1975-10-29 Extrusion
CA239,038A CA1041946A (en) 1974-11-13 1975-11-05 Method for reducing extrusion start-up pressure
BE161689A BE835365A (fr) 1974-11-13 1975-11-07 Procede et moyens pour reduire la pression au depart dans l'extrusion d'une matiere
DE2550216A DE2550216C2 (de) 1974-11-13 1975-11-08 Vorrichtung zum kontinuierlichen Strangpressen von Draht
SE7512646A SE404661B (sv) 1974-11-13 1975-11-11 Forfarande och anordning for strengpressning av ett emne for framstellning av trad
FR7534476A FR2290965A1 (fr) 1974-11-13 1975-11-12 Procede et moyens pour reduire la pression au depart dans l'extrusion d'une matiere
CH1466275A CH603266A5 (en, 2012) 1974-11-13 1975-11-12
JP50135743A JPS5171258A (en) 1974-11-13 1975-11-13 Waiyaseizohoho oyobi sochi
ES442594A ES442594A1 (es) 1974-11-13 1975-11-13 Procedimiento y aparato para producir alambre a partir de unlingote.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US523403A US3924429A (en) 1974-11-13 1974-11-13 Method and apparatus for reducing extrusion start-up pressure

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3924429A true US3924429A (en) 1975-12-09

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ID=24084856

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US523403A Expired - Lifetime US3924429A (en) 1974-11-13 1974-11-13 Method and apparatus for reducing extrusion start-up pressure

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US3924429A (en, 2012)
JP (1) JPS5171258A (en, 2012)
BE (1) BE835365A (en, 2012)
CA (1) CA1041946A (en, 2012)
CH (1) CH603266A5 (en, 2012)
DE (1) DE2550216C2 (en, 2012)
ES (1) ES442594A1 (en, 2012)
FR (1) FR2290965A1 (en, 2012)
GB (1) GB1514750A (en, 2012)
SE (1) SE404661B (en, 2012)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20230150022A1 (en) * 2013-03-22 2023-05-18 Battelle Memorial Institute Devices and Methods for Performing Shear-Assisted Extrusion and Extrusion Processes

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2723028A (en) * 1951-03-28 1955-11-08 Aluminum Co Of America Extrusion apparatus
US3063560A (en) * 1959-01-29 1962-11-13 Babcock & Wilcox Co Multi-port extrusion die
US3740985A (en) * 1971-11-17 1973-06-26 Western Electric Co Apparatus and method for continuous extrusion
US3767368A (en) * 1972-06-22 1973-10-23 Western Electric Co Method of and means for commencing a deforming operation, e. g., hydrostatic extrusion of a billet

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB709184A (en) * 1950-07-05 1954-05-19 British Insulated Callenders Improvements relating to the extrusion of metal
FR1540944A (fr) * 1967-03-22 1968-10-04 Cefilac Procédé de filage des produits creux de grande longueur

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2723028A (en) * 1951-03-28 1955-11-08 Aluminum Co Of America Extrusion apparatus
US3063560A (en) * 1959-01-29 1962-11-13 Babcock & Wilcox Co Multi-port extrusion die
US3740985A (en) * 1971-11-17 1973-06-26 Western Electric Co Apparatus and method for continuous extrusion
US3767368A (en) * 1972-06-22 1973-10-23 Western Electric Co Method of and means for commencing a deforming operation, e. g., hydrostatic extrusion of a billet

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20230150022A1 (en) * 2013-03-22 2023-05-18 Battelle Memorial Institute Devices and Methods for Performing Shear-Assisted Extrusion and Extrusion Processes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE835365A (fr) 1976-03-01
DE2550216A1 (de) 1976-05-26
SE7512646L (sv) 1976-05-14
JPS5430908B2 (en, 2012) 1979-10-03
JPS5171258A (en) 1976-06-19
GB1514750A (en) 1978-06-21
CA1041946A (en) 1978-11-07
CH603266A5 (en, 2012) 1978-08-15
FR2290965B1 (en, 2012) 1978-05-12
ES442594A1 (es) 1977-04-16
FR2290965A1 (fr) 1976-06-11
SE404661B (sv) 1978-10-23
DE2550216C2 (de) 1985-04-18

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Owner name: AT & T TECHNOLOGIES, INC.,

Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:WESTERN ELECTRIC COMPANY, INCORPORATED;REEL/FRAME:004251/0868

Effective date: 19831229