US3923392A - Electrophotographic copier - Google Patents

Electrophotographic copier Download PDF

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Publication number
US3923392A
US3923392A US429617A US42961774A US3923392A US 3923392 A US3923392 A US 3923392A US 429617 A US429617 A US 429617A US 42961774 A US42961774 A US 42961774A US 3923392 A US3923392 A US 3923392A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
development
drum
developer
transfer belt
copier
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US429617A
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English (en)
Inventor
William R Buchan
James E Genthe
Edward F Mayer
Robert A Moore
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ricoh Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Itek Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Itek Corp filed Critical Itek Corp
Priority to US429617A priority Critical patent/US3923392A/en
Priority to DK638674A priority patent/DK638674A/da
Priority to CA215,944A priority patent/CA1034183A/en
Priority to AU76433/74A priority patent/AU496229B2/en
Priority to CH1676774A priority patent/CH583927A5/xx
Priority to GB54776/74A priority patent/GB1494218A/en
Priority to DE2460696A priority patent/DE2460696C2/de
Priority to NL7416763A priority patent/NL7416763A/xx
Priority to JP49148228A priority patent/JPS5836341B2/ja
Priority to SE7416390A priority patent/SE401957B/xx
Priority to FR7443293A priority patent/FR2256453B1/fr
Priority to DD183429A priority patent/DD117545A5/xx
Priority to BR10922/74A priority patent/BR7410922D0/pt
Priority to IT31124/74A priority patent/IT1028129B/it
Priority to CS7534A priority patent/CS209845B2/cs
Priority to PL1975177113A priority patent/PL99375B1/pl
Priority to BE152110A priority patent/BE824059A/xx
Priority to AR257192A priority patent/AR215415A1/es
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3923392A publication Critical patent/US3923392A/en
Assigned to RICOH COMPANY, LTD. reassignment RICOH COMPANY, LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: ITEK CORPORATION
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/14—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base
    • G03G15/16—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base of a toner pattern, e.g. a powder pattern, e.g. magnetic transfer
    • G03G15/1605—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base of a toner pattern, e.g. a powder pattern, e.g. magnetic transfer using at least one intermediate support
    • G03G15/161—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base of a toner pattern, e.g. a powder pattern, e.g. magnetic transfer using at least one intermediate support with means for handling the intermediate support, e.g. heating, cleaning, coating with a transfer agent
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
    • G03G15/08—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer
    • G03G15/0801—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer for cascading
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/14—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base
    • G03G15/16—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base of a toner pattern, e.g. a powder pattern, e.g. magnetic transfer
    • G03G15/1605—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base of a toner pattern, e.g. a powder pattern, e.g. magnetic transfer using at least one intermediate support

Definitions

  • An electrophotographic copier having a [21] Appl No: 429,617 rotatable photoconductive drum, means to apply a uniform electrostanc charge pattern thereto, means to expose the uniform charge pattern to a light image of [52] U.S. Cl 355/3 R an original, and unique development transfer and fus- Int. (:l. systems
  • the development ystem is a effi- Field Of Search 5 3 8/ 3 ciency development system which increases the radial 8/ velocity components of developer over that normally associated with cascade development.
  • the transfer [56] f r n s C t and fusing system includes an elastomeric transfer UNITED STATES PATENTS belt, preferably having a low heat capacity and being 2,927,554 3/1960 OldeIlbOOn 117/175 x fOFITIed T a smFcme elastome" Operating in COmbi' 2,990,278 6/1961 Carlson 118/637 X "anon Wlth a radlam fuser and a P p transport y 3 013,878 12/196] 136556116, 117/175 X tem which provides increased thermal efficiency. 3,336,905 8/1967 Lehmanni.
  • electrophotographic copiers are designed to carry out an electrostatic process wherein a conductive backing having a photoconductive insulating layer thereon is electrostatically imaged by first uniformly charging its surface and subsequently exposing the charged surface to a pattern of activating electromagnetic radiation such as light.
  • the radiation pattern selectively dissipates electrostatic charges in illuminated areas on the photoconductive surface to produce a latent electrostatic image in non-illuminated areas.
  • This latent electrostatic image can be developed to form a visible image by depositing developer materials thereon by a variety of development techniques, the most common of which is cascade development in which solid developer is cascaded across the latent image.
  • Solid developer materials are customarily two component systerns containing finely divided pigmented particles commonly called toner, and relatively coarser, larger beads commonly called carrier beads.
  • the developed toner image is transferred to a final substrate medium, such as plain paper, by electrostatic transfer, pressure contact, or otherwise. Once transferred, the toner image is fused or fixed to the final substrate medium by heat, solvent vapor, a fixative coating, etc.
  • the invention comprises an electrophotographic copier comprising a number of unique features which interrelate so that the copier is compact, produces high quality copies rapidly, and requires smaller amounts of power than is customary with high speed copiers.
  • a photoconductive member which is perferably a relatively small diameter drum, is used to produce the electrostatic image.
  • Development is achieved with a highly efficient development apparatus, preferably in a modified cascade development apparatus which interferes with the normal flow of developer, particularly in such a way as to increase the radial velocity of toner particles over that present in conventional cascade developers.
  • the developed toner image is transferred from the photoconductive drum by an intermediate elastomeric belt.
  • Excellent thermal efficiency is achieved by designing the belt to have a low heat capacity, by using a radiant heater, and by providing a paper transport system which maintains contact between the belt and paper for relatively long periods. It is believed that the combination of a high efficiency development apparatus, particularly one imparting substantial radial velocity components to the developer, together with an elastomeric transfer belt, particularly one made of silicone rubbers, fluoroelastomers, or their equivalents, result in copies having exceptionally low background.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates schematically an electrophotographic copying apparatus of this invention employing a modified cascade development system with a thermally efficient transfer, fusing and paper handling systern.
  • a photoconductive drum 10 which typically consists of a conductive metal substrate 11, such as aluminum, coated on its outer surface with a layer of photoconductive insulating layer 12, typically vitreous selenium.
  • Drum 10 rotates at its axis and is shown rotating in a counterclockwise or downhill" direction.
  • a cleaning station 20 is provided to remove residual toner from the photoconductive drum 10 prior to the start of each imaging sequence.
  • Cleaning station 20 includes a fur cleaning brush 21 mounted on slidable element 22 so that the brush can be disengaged.
  • a uniform electrostatic charge is formed on the surface of drum 10 by means of corona charging station 30.
  • This station includes corona element 31 which is electrically connected to a power source such as battery 32 and to ground.
  • Uniformly charged drum 10 then passes imaging station 40.
  • Light sources 41 illuminate original 42 which is imaged through imaging lens 43 and slit 44 to form an electrostatic latent image of the original on the surface of photoconductive drum 10.
  • Scanning optics can also be used, but fixed optics are preferred to maintain compactness.
  • the copier illustrated in FIG. 1 is a compact but high speed copier. Its size is kept relatively small by using a small diameter photoconductive drum.
  • the drum might be, for example, nominally five inches in diameter, which is required to handle conventional originals such as 8% X 11 inch typed pages. Because the drum is small, it must be rotated at relatively high speeds to produce copies rapidly; typically this means that the drum must move at a speed of about 10 inches/second or more. Because of the shorter development zone and higher drum speed, highly efficient development systems are required. Cascade developers can be modified to provide such highly efficient development apparatuses, and one such modified cascade developer is illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • Cascade development apparatus 50 includes a housing 51 including within it a bucket elevator system formed by an endless belt 52 having buckets 53 thereon. Electrostatic developer is lifted from a reservoir section 54 in buckets 53 to a point at the upper portion of drum l0 and then cascaded over the drum surface by means of feed guide 55. As developer cascades over drum l0, toner particles separate from the carrier beads and deposit on the drum surface in accordance with the latent electrostatic image thereon, thus forming a visible toner image. Spent developer is guided back into reservoir 54 by guide 56.
  • the biased development electrode 57 has a roughened surface 58 which can be formed by knurling its surface or otherwise forming protuberances thereon.
  • Transfer and fusing station 60 is designed to keep the copier compact, provide outstanding thermal efficiency thereby lowering the overall power requirements for the copier and to produce clean, low background copies.
  • An intermediate transfer belt 61 is trained to pass in an endless loop around rollers 62, 63, 64, 65, 66 and 67.
  • Belt 61 is driven by suitable means such as motor 68 which is connected to and drives roller 67 in a clockwise direction.
  • Roller 62 can be adjusted by tensioning spring 69 to take up any slack created in intermediate transfer belt 61 caused by any dimensional changes due to variations in temperature or otherwise.
  • Roller 62 is also preferably constructed of hard rubber which is electrically leaky so that any background electric charges built up on belt 61, such as triboelectric charges built up between any of the rollers and the belt, will dissipate naturally before the belt contacts photoconductive drum 10.
  • Transfer is accomplished at T i.e., the point at which belt 61 contacts photoconductive drum 10. Transfer is controlled by transfer roller 70 which is positioned at the back side of transfer belt 61 so that it can be moved in and out by adjusting tensioning spring 71.
  • Paper 72 is fed from paper roll 73 and brought into contact with the toner image on belt 61 by guide rollers 74 and 75 acting in cooperation with belt rollers 65 and 66.
  • the contact zone between belt and paper is deliberately designed to be elongated so that paper 72 absorbs heat from belt 61 and carries it out of the copier. The exact length of this elongated zone will depend on many factors such as the speed at which the paper and belt are moving, but in general should be sufficient to leave the belt and paper in contact for at least 0.5 seconds.
  • Radiant heater 80 consists of two radiant heating lamps 81 surrounded by a heat shield 82 which is properly insulated and slidable shield 83.
  • Slidable shield 83 can be positioned directly under lamps 81 when the copier is in a standby state so that lower amounts of power can be supplied to lamps 81 while still maintaining the chamber at a high temperature.
  • slidable shield 83 is moved to the left in which position lamps 81 radiating heat to belt 61 so that copying can begin. Because the chamber is maintained at an elevated temperature in the standby mode, copying can begin immediately even though the lamps have not risen to full power.
  • Transfer and fusing station 60 is designed to provide the type of thermal efficiency required in high speed copying systems if large amounts of power are to be avoided.
  • Intermediate transfer belt 61 for example, is fabricated from appropriate materials in relatively thin layers to provide the belt with a low heat capacity, i.e., below about 3.1 X l0 cal./cm. /C. Additionally, heat absorption in the substrate for belt 61 can be eliminated or substantially diminished by coating it with a thin reflecting layer such as aluminum.
  • Thetransfer surface of belt 61 can be formed from many materials, the preferred materials being silicone rubbers such as General Electric RTV 615 or Dow Coming 3140 and certain fluoroelastomers.
  • a typical belt is comprised of a polyimide substrate of 0.55 mils coated with a reflecting layer of aluminum about 300 angstroms thick and a silicone rubber transfer surface 0.1-10 mils thick.
  • Suitable transfer belts are described in detail in our copending application Ser. No. 403,696, filed Oct. 4, 1973, the teachings of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
  • Transparent transfer belts can also be used to increase thermal efficiency and a suitable transparent belt is disclosed by Carlson in U.S. Pat. No. 3,374,769.
  • the transfer belts should also have certain surface properties so that efficient transfer of toner is possible.
  • the surface should be smooth, have good release properties (e.g., surface free energy below 40 dynes per centimeter), and have the proper hardness (e.g., about 3 to durometers on the Shore A scale).
  • Fusing system also contributes to the overall thermal efficiency of the copier. As mentioned above, a radiant fusing system is chosen because radiant heat tends to selectively heat toner on the surface of belt 61.
  • slidable shield 83 allows the machine to consume lower power in a standby condition, but to produce copies immediately upon startup since shield 83 stores heat within the lamp chamber in its closed position.
  • Thermal efficiency is also built into the paper transport system since paper exiting from the machine acts as a heat sink. Because of this, the paper and belt are kept in contact for significant amounts of time as mentioned above. Besides carrying unwanted heat out of the machine, this elongated contact also removes any heat present in the belt which eliminates heat transfer back to photoconductive drum 10 at T.
  • transfer at T is illustrated as being achieved by pressure contact between belt 61 and drum 10. Nevertheless, electrostatic transfer can be used, and in some cases might even be an advantage since a thin air space would then be provided to insulate photoconductive drum 10 from any back transfer of heat.
  • the final support medium is illustrated as being paper, which is most commonly used, but other final substrate mediums could be used in place of the paper.
  • the copier described herein can be operated in an image preservation mode. That is, multiple copies can be made from one exposure. This mode of operation does further the goals of providing a high speed but compact copier.
  • An electrophotographic copier comprising, in combination:
  • a rotatable drum having a photoconductive, insulating surface thereon;
  • cascade developer means for cascading electroscopic developer over said latent electrostatic image, said cascade developer means including a member closely positioned to the surface of said photoconductive drum and defining a narrow development zone therebetween, said member having a roughened surface facing the surface of said photoconductive drum, whereby the density of developer and radial velocity of developer are both increased as developer cascades through said narrow development zone;
  • radiant heating means for heating the toner image on said electrostatic transfer belt
  • paper transport means for bringing paper into contact with the heated toner image on said transfer belt whereby said image is transferred and fused to said paper, said paper transport means also including means for providing for an elongated zone of contact between said transfer belt and said paper after transfer of the toner image to the paper.
  • a copier of claim 1 wherein said means for applying electroscopic developer comprises a modified cascade development system which interferes with the cascade flow of developer in the development zone to increase the radial velocity components of said developer particles.
  • a copier of claim 2 wherein said modified cascade development system includes a development electrode closely spaced from the surface of said drum, said electrode having a roughened surface facing said drum.
  • a copier of claim 4 wherein said intermediate transfer belt comprises a relatively thin, silicone, elastomeric transfer belt having a heat capacity of below about 3.1 X 10 cal./cm. /C.
  • a rotatable drum bearing an electrostatic image to be developed by the application of particulate development material thereto;
  • an elongated development plate positioned adjacent said drum for providing an air gap containing said particulate developer, said development plate having means associated therewith for partially converting the tangential momentum of said particulate development material passing through said air gap into radial momentum;
  • said elastomeric transfer belt is made of material selected from the group consisting of silicone rubber and fluoroelastomers.
  • said elastomeric transfer belt is made of material selected from the group consisting of silicone rubber and fluoroelastomers.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Charge, Transfer And Separation In Electrography (AREA)
  • Combination Of More Than One Step In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Fixing For Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Dry Development In Electrophotography (AREA)
US429617A 1974-01-02 1974-01-02 Electrophotographic copier Expired - Lifetime US3923392A (en)

Priority Applications (18)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US429617A US3923392A (en) 1974-01-02 1974-01-02 Electrophotographic copier
DK638674A DK638674A (e) 1974-01-02 1974-12-09
CA215,944A CA1034183A (en) 1974-01-02 1974-12-13 Electrophotographic copier
AU76433/74A AU496229B2 (en) 1974-01-02 1974-12-16 Electrophotogprahic copier
CH1676774A CH583927A5 (e) 1974-01-02 1974-12-17
GB54776/74A GB1494218A (en) 1974-01-02 1974-12-18 Electrophotographic copier
DE2460696A DE2460696C2 (de) 1974-01-02 1974-12-20 Elektrostatische Kopiervorrichtung
NL7416763A NL7416763A (nl) 1974-01-02 1974-12-23 Elektrofotografische copieerinrichting.
JP49148228A JPS5836341B2 (ja) 1974-01-02 1974-12-25 デンシシヤシンフクシヤキ
FR7443293A FR2256453B1 (e) 1974-01-02 1974-12-30
SE7416390A SE401957B (sv) 1974-01-02 1974-12-30 Elektrofotografisk kopieringsapparat
DD183429A DD117545A5 (e) 1974-01-02 1974-12-30
BR10922/74A BR7410922D0 (pt) 1974-01-02 1974-12-30 Copiador eletrofotografico
IT31124/74A IT1028129B (it) 1974-01-02 1974-12-31 Macchine copiatrice compatta per la produzione di copie ad alta velocita
PL1975177113A PL99375B1 (pl) 1974-01-02 1975-01-02 Kopiarka elektrofotograficzna
CS7534A CS209845B2 (en) 1974-01-02 1975-01-02 Electrophotographic copying machine
BE152110A BE824059A (fr) 1974-01-02 1975-01-02 Machine a copier electrophotographique
AR257192A AR215415A1 (es) 1974-01-02 1975-01-02 Una copiadora electrofotografica

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US429617A US3923392A (en) 1974-01-02 1974-01-02 Electrophotographic copier

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US3923392A true US3923392A (en) 1975-12-02

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US429617A Expired - Lifetime US3923392A (en) 1974-01-02 1974-01-02 Electrophotographic copier

Country Status (17)

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US (1) US3923392A (e)
JP (1) JPS5836341B2 (e)
AR (1) AR215415A1 (e)
BE (1) BE824059A (e)
BR (1) BR7410922D0 (e)
CA (1) CA1034183A (e)
CH (1) CH583927A5 (e)
CS (1) CS209845B2 (e)
DD (1) DD117545A5 (e)
DE (1) DE2460696C2 (e)
DK (1) DK638674A (e)
FR (1) FR2256453B1 (e)
GB (1) GB1494218A (e)
IT (1) IT1028129B (e)
NL (1) NL7416763A (e)
PL (1) PL99375B1 (e)
SE (1) SE401957B (e)

Cited By (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4095886A (en) * 1976-03-18 1978-06-20 Oce-Van Der Grinten N.V. Process and apparatus for fixing images
US4144808A (en) * 1976-06-16 1979-03-20 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Electrophotographic marking apparatus
EP0074677A1 (en) * 1981-08-19 1983-03-23 Océ-Nederland B.V. Method and device for transferring and fixing of powder images
US4453820A (en) * 1979-01-25 1984-06-12 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Electrostatographic apparatus
US4455079A (en) * 1981-11-16 1984-06-19 Konishiroku Photo Industry Co., Ltd. Image reproducing apparatus
US4657373A (en) * 1984-07-25 1987-04-14 Oce-Nederland B.V. Electrophotographic copying device with means to effect uniform aging of photoconductive element
US4708460A (en) * 1986-07-25 1987-11-24 Xerox Corporation Simultaneous transfer and fusing in electrophotography
US4796048A (en) * 1987-11-23 1989-01-03 Xerox Corporation Resilient intermediate transfer member and apparatus for liquid ink development
US4992833A (en) * 1989-08-10 1991-02-12 Eastman Kodak Company Fixing method and apparatus having a transfer-fixing chilling drum
US5012291A (en) * 1989-05-23 1991-04-30 Delphax Systems Powder transport, fusing and imaging apparatus
US5027159A (en) * 1988-02-17 1991-06-25 Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha Electrophotographic image forming apparatus capable of developing normal and inverted images
US5084735A (en) * 1990-10-25 1992-01-28 Eastman Kodak Company Intermediate transfer method and roller
US5099286A (en) * 1988-04-25 1992-03-24 Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha Image forming apparatus with and method using an intermediate toner image retaining member
US5132743A (en) * 1990-06-29 1992-07-21 Olin Corporation Intermediate transfer surface and method of color printing
US5158846A (en) * 1990-10-29 1992-10-27 Olin Corporation Electrostatic color printing system utilizing an image transfer belt
US5208638A (en) * 1990-06-29 1993-05-04 Olin Corporation Intermediate transfer surface and method of color printing
US5216466A (en) * 1991-03-29 1993-06-01 Hitachi Koki Co., Ltd. Electrophotographic recording apparatus and system including a dielectric belt and transfer and fixing means
US5233396A (en) * 1991-12-09 1993-08-03 Xerox Corporation Intermediate transfer member having a low surface energy compliant structure and method of using same
US5247334A (en) * 1991-06-30 1993-09-21 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Image formation method and apparatus with preheating and pressure image transfer with liquid toner development
US5253021A (en) * 1992-02-28 1993-10-12 Eastman Kodak Company Method and apparatus of transferring toner images made up of small dry particles
US5370961A (en) * 1992-12-02 1994-12-06 Eastman Kodak Company Method of electrostatic transferring very small dry toner particles using an intermediate
US5408302A (en) * 1991-02-05 1995-04-18 Siemens Nixdorf Informationssysteme Aktiengesellschaft Printing or copying machine with a belt-type transfer element with associated electrostatic device for transferring toner images from an intermediate image-carrier
US5418105A (en) * 1993-12-16 1995-05-23 Xerox Corporation Simultaneous transfer and fusing of toner images
US5420662A (en) * 1991-10-15 1995-05-30 Siemens Nixdorf Informationssysteme Aktiengesellschaft Printer or copier with an arrangement for printing both sides of a recording medium
US5536352A (en) * 1994-11-14 1996-07-16 Eastman Kodak Company Methods of making centrifugally cast parts
US5559592A (en) * 1995-06-30 1996-09-24 Xerox Corporation Sintered image transfer system
US5677022A (en) * 1994-11-14 1997-10-14 Eastman Kodak Company Electrostatographic roller mask
US5778292A (en) * 1995-09-08 1998-07-07 Oce-Nederland B.V. Method and device for controlling a sleep-mode of an image forming apparatus
US6311035B1 (en) * 2000-06-16 2001-10-30 Xerox Corporation Reprographic system operable for direct transfer of a developed image from an imaging member to a copy substrate
US20040219376A1 (en) * 2000-12-20 2004-11-04 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Heat resistant resin film with metal thin film, manufacturing method of the resin film, endless belt, manufacturing method of the belt, and image forming apparatus

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CA2246446C (en) 1997-09-03 2002-07-09 Japan Aviation Electronics Industry Limited Insertion and withdrawal connector apparatus, structure of remote controlling engagement and separation thereof, and connecting frame block structure for insertion and withdrawal connector apparatus or the like
JPH11352804A (ja) 1998-06-04 1999-12-24 Fuji Xerox Co Ltd 画像記録装置
US6919122B2 (en) 1999-07-08 2005-07-19 Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics Corporation Flexible composites with integral flights for use in high-temperature food processing equipment and methods for producing the same
WO2018102166A1 (en) 2016-11-29 2018-06-07 Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics Corporation Composite belt profile

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US3638611A (en) * 1969-07-03 1972-02-01 Xerox Corp Electroded development device
US3648658A (en) * 1969-09-15 1972-03-14 Xerox Corp Developing apparatus
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US2990278A (en) * 1955-12-29 1961-06-27 Haloid Xerox Inc Method and apparatus for transferring and fixing xerographic images
US3013878A (en) * 1955-12-29 1961-12-19 Xerox Corp Method and apparatus for transferring and fixing xerographic images
US2927554A (en) * 1957-09-23 1960-03-08 Ibm Cascade developing apparatus
US3336905A (en) * 1964-12-18 1967-08-22 Xerox Corp Xerographic developer apparatus
US3685896A (en) * 1966-11-21 1972-08-22 Xerox Corp Duplicating method and apparatus
US3591276A (en) * 1967-11-30 1971-07-06 Xerox Corp Method and apparatus for offset xerographic reproduction
US3416494A (en) * 1967-12-26 1968-12-17 Xerox Corp Xerographic development electrode
US3620191A (en) * 1969-07-03 1971-11-16 Xerox Corp Biased input chute
US3638611A (en) * 1969-07-03 1972-02-01 Xerox Corp Electroded development device
US3648658A (en) * 1969-09-15 1972-03-14 Xerox Corp Developing apparatus

Cited By (32)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU7643374A (en) 1976-06-17
DE2460696A1 (de) 1975-07-10
IT1028129B (it) 1979-01-30
CH583927A5 (e) 1977-01-14
FR2256453A1 (e) 1975-07-25
DK638674A (e) 1975-09-08
BE824059A (fr) 1975-07-02
AR215415A1 (es) 1979-10-15
FR2256453B1 (e) 1980-09-12
DD117545A5 (e) 1976-01-12
JPS50107936A (e) 1975-08-25
DE2460696C2 (de) 1985-05-15
CA1034183A (en) 1978-07-04
BR7410922D0 (pt) 1975-09-02
JPS5836341B2 (ja) 1983-08-09
CS209845B2 (en) 1981-12-31
PL99375B1 (pl) 1978-07-31
GB1494218A (en) 1977-12-07
NL7416763A (nl) 1975-07-04
SE401957B (sv) 1978-06-05

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