US3916861A - Pneumatic governor system for fuel injection pump - Google Patents

Pneumatic governor system for fuel injection pump Download PDF

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Publication number
US3916861A
US3916861A US403608A US40360873A US3916861A US 3916861 A US3916861 A US 3916861A US 403608 A US403608 A US 403608A US 40360873 A US40360873 A US 40360873A US 3916861 A US3916861 A US 3916861A
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United States
Prior art keywords
atmospheric pressure
acceleration
engine
throttle
pneumatic governor
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US403608A
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English (en)
Inventor
Tetsuji Akashi
Masataka Nishimura
Yoshihiko Tsuzuki
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Denso Corp
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NipponDenso Co Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by NipponDenso Co Ltd filed Critical NipponDenso Co Ltd
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Publication of US3916861A publication Critical patent/US3916861A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D1/00—Controlling fuel-injection pumps, e.g. of high pressure injection type
    • F02D1/02—Controlling fuel-injection pumps, e.g. of high pressure injection type not restricted to adjustment of injection timing, e.g. varying amount of fuel delivered
    • F02D1/06—Controlling fuel-injection pumps, e.g. of high pressure injection type not restricted to adjustment of injection timing, e.g. varying amount of fuel delivered by means dependent on pressure of engine working fluid
    • F02D1/065—Controlling fuel-injection pumps, e.g. of high pressure injection type not restricted to adjustment of injection timing, e.g. varying amount of fuel delivered by means dependent on pressure of engine working fluid of intake of air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
    • F02D41/40—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type with means for controlling injection timing or duration
    • F02D41/406—Electrically controlling a diesel injection pump
    • F02D41/407—Electrically controlling a diesel injection pump of the in-line type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0002—Controlling intake air
    • F02D2041/0022—Controlling intake air for diesel engines by throttle control
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a pneumatic governor system of the type which is provided for a fuel injection pump which delivers fuel into internal combustion engines, particularly Diesel engines and which is operated by the vacuum developed in the intake manifold of the engine to control the quantity of fuel deliv ered by the fuel injection pump.
  • pneumatic governors of the above type conventionally comprise a vacuum chamber for receiving the vacuum developed in the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine and an atmospheric pressure chamber for receiving the atmospheric pressure, which are separated from each other by a diaphragm connected to the control rack of a fuel injection pump, whereby the control rack is actuated by the vacuum produced in the intake manifold to control the fuel injection quantity of the fuel injection pump.
  • the vacuum developed in the intake manifold is the vacuum created in the venturi formed in a portion of the intake manifold and this vacuum, as is well known in the art, varies in accordance with the opening of the throttle valve in the venturi and the number of revolutions of the engine. Therefore, the pneumatic governors of this type are used to control the quantity of fuel delivered by a fuel injection pump to ensure an optimum fuel that suits the engine speed and load (which may generally be considered to correspond to the opening of the throttle valve).
  • the pneumatic governor system according to this invention has a remarkable advantage in that a damper action is imparted to the atmospheric pressure chamber of the pneumatic governor during the rapid acceleration period of an engine, whereby the quantity of fuel delivered by a fuel injection pump is prevented from increasing rapidly and hence a proper amount of fuel is always fed to the engine, thereby completely eliminating the emission of black smoke which has been a serious problem with the prior art devices.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of a pneumatic governor system for fuel injection pumps according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an electric wiring diagram for the principal part of the governor system shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a graph useful for explaining the operation of the throttle means used in the system of FIG. 1.
  • numeral 1 designates an internal combustion engine (particularly a Diesel engine), 2 an intake manifold of the engine 1, 3 a venturi formed in a part of the intake manifold 2, 4 an air cleaner provided at the upper end of the venturi 3 whereby the engine 1 draws air into the combustion chamber (not shown) through the air cleaner 4, the venturi 3 and the intake manifold 2.
  • a throttle valve 5 is rotatably mounted in the venturi 3, which varies the area of passage of the venturi 3 in accordance with its opening to control the velocity of the air drawn into the combustion chamber of the engine 1.
  • the throttle valve 5 has its shaft 5a connected to an accelerator pedal 8 through a lever 6 and a wire (or rod) 7 so that the throttle opening is altered in accordance with the position of the accelerator pedal 8.
  • Numeral 9 designates a fuel injection pump comprising, though not shown, a cam operated by the engine 1 and plungers actuated by the cam and it operates in a conventional manner to inject a fuel into the combustion chamber of the engine 1.
  • Numeral 10 designates a control rack of the fuel injection pump 9 which is in mesh with the plungers that are not shown so that when the control rack 10 is moved from side to side in the illustration, the plunger is rotated to control the quantity of fuel delivered by the fuel injection pump 9.
  • the control rack 9 may control the fuel injection timing, though it is generally used to control the quantity of fuel pumped.
  • numeral 11 designates a pneumatic governor of the same construction as a conventional pneumatic governor comprising a vacuum chamber 13 and an atmospheric pressure chamber 14 which are defined and separated from each other by a diaphragm 12 connected to the control rack 10 of the fuel injection pump 9.
  • a compression spring 15 is provided in the vacuum chamber 13 to apply a bias to the diaphragm 12.
  • the vacuum chamber 13 communicates through a vacuum inlet pipe 16 with the venturi 3 formed in the intake manifold 2 of the engine 1 and preferably with an auxiliary venturi 17 which may be provided in the venturi 3.
  • the atmospheric pressure chamber 14 communicates with the atmosphere through an atmospheric pressure inlet pipe 18.
  • the auxiliary venturi 17 is of a conventional type whose area of passage is constant independent of the opening of the throttle valve (the area of passage of the venturi 3).
  • Numeral 19 designates an acceleration detector for detecting the acceleration of the engine which, in the illustrated embodiment, detects the rotational speed of the throttle valve 5 to generate an acceleration signal.
  • Numeral designates a control unit actuated by the acceleration signal from the acceleration detec tor 19 to generate a control signal.
  • Numeral 21 designates a throttle means disposed in the atmospheric pressure inlet pipe 18.
  • the throttle means 21 is designed so that when the rotational speed of the throttle valve 5 exceeds a predetermined value, it is actuated by the control signal from the control unit 20 to throttle the atmospheric pressure inlet pipe 18 for a period of time dependent on the rotational speed of the throttle valve 5.
  • the throttle means 21 is normally opened.
  • F IG. 2 illustrates one form of the circuit construction of the acceleration detector 19, the control unit 20 and the throttle means 21.
  • the acceleration detector 19 comprises a potentiometer connected to the the shaft 5:! of the throttle valve 5 shown in FIG. 1 and the throttle means 21 comprises an electromagnetic valve (only the coil of this valve is shown).
  • the control unit 20 comprises a control circuit section 20a for producing a control signal corresponding to the acceleration signal from the acceleration detector 19, a throttle means actuating circuit section 20b for amplifying the control signal to actuate the throttle means 21 and a voltage regulator circuit 200 and these individual circuits are of the conventional type.
  • Numeral 22 designates a power supply.
  • the system according to the present invention operates as follows.
  • air is drawn into its combustion chamber through the air cleaner 4, the venturi 3 and the intake manifold 2 and fuel is injected into the combustion chamber from the fuel injection pump 9.
  • the quantity of fuel delivered is controlled by the pneumatic governor system of this invention.
  • This control of fuel injection quantity is in essence carried out in the following manner.
  • a vacuum is produced in the auxiliary venturi 17 provided in the venturi 3 and this vacuum is introduced into the vacuum chamber 13 of the governor 11 through the vacuum inlet pipe 16.
  • the atmospheric pressure is introduced into the atmospheric pressure chamber 14 through the atmospheric pressure inlet pipe 18 so that the diaphragm 12 is moved in accordance with the relationship between the pressure in the vacuum chamber 13, the pressure in the atmospheric pressure chamber 14 and the bias applied by the compression spring 15 to control the quantity of fuel delivered by the fuel injection pump 9 by means of the control rack 10.
  • the governor 1 1 operates in the similar manner as a conventional pneumatic governor and controls the fuel injection pump 9 to ensure an optimum fuel injection quantity in accordance with the speed and load of the engine 1.
  • Rapid acceleration When the throttle valve 5 is rapidly rotated through the accelerator pedal 8 in a direction that opens it fully so as to rapidly accelerate the engine 1, the vacuum developed in the auxiliary venturi 17 drops rapidly and the diaphragm 12 in the governor 1 1 tends to move in a direction that will rapidly increase the quantity of fuel delivered by the fuel injection pump 9.
  • the throttle means 21 is actuated by the control signal from the control unit 20 to throttle the atmospheric pressure inlet pipe 18 for a period of time corresponding to the rotational speed of the throttle valve 5. Consequently, the atmospheric pressure chamber 14 functions as a damper against the rapid movement of the diaphragm 12 and prevents the fuel injection quantity of the fuel injection pump 9 from increasing rapidly.
  • This process will be described further with reference to FIG. 2.
  • the throttle valve 5 is rotated rapidly, the potential at a point A of the acceleration detector or potentiometer 19 changes rapidly.
  • an acceleration signal VB is produced, which is a differential value of a potential change at the point A due to the effect of a capacitor 23.
  • the magnitude and duration of the acceleration signal VB depend upon the magnitude and the speed (the rotational speed of the throttle valve 5) of the changing rate of the potential at the point A.
  • the transistor 24 which has been in non-conductive state is rendered conductive by this acceleration signal VB and thus the charge stored in a capacitor 25 is discharged through a resistor 26, a diode 27 and the transistor 24. Consequently, the potential at a point D becomes lower than the potential at which a Zener diode 28 becomes conductive and therefore a conducting transistor 29 is rendered nonconductive.
  • a transistor 30 is rendered conductive and thus the electromagnetic valve 21 is energized by the power supply 22 and it comes into operation to throttle the atmospheric pressure inlet pipe 18.
  • the transistor 24 When the rapid rotation of the throttle valve 5 is completed and hence the acceleratiotn signal VB is terminated, the transistor 24 is rendered non-conductive so that the diode 27 is biased in the reverse direction and the capacitor ceases to discharge and starts to charge through the resistors 31 and 26.
  • the time period from the start ofconduction of the transistor 24 to the change to nonconductive state that is, the conduction period of the transistor 24 varies depending on the rotational speed of the throttle valve 5 and hence the discharging amount of the capacitor 25 varies accordingly. Particularly, as the rotational speed of the throttle valve 5 increases, the conduction period of the transistor 24 increases and the amount of discharge of the capacitor 25 increases.
  • the transistor 29 When the potential at the point (1 becomes higher than the conduction potential for the Zener diode 28, the transistor 29 is rendered conductive.
  • the conduction of the transistor 29 renders the transistor 30 non-conductive and thus the electromagnetic valve 21 opens. Consequently, the atmospheric pressure inlet pipe 18 is not throttled in any way and the engine 1 operates under normal operating conditions.
  • the active time of the electromagnetic valve 21, that is, the time during during which the atmospheric pressure inlet pipe 18 is throttled, is basically determined by a discharging time constant which is determined by the capacitor 25, the resistor 26 and the conduction time of the transistor 24, Although the values of the capacitor 25 and the resistor 26 are not changed by the rotational speed of the throttle valve 5, the conduction time of the transistor 24 varies depending upon the rotational speed of the throttle valve 5 as stated above and hence the amount of the discharge of the capacitor 25 varies.
  • a resistor 32 serves to adjust the sensitivity of the transistor 24 to the acceleration signals VB generated by the potentiometer 19.
  • the acceleration detector 19 has been described comprising a potentiometer, it may comprise a generator, differential transformer or the like.
  • the control unit 20 may use various circuit constructions other than used in the above-described embodiment.
  • a pneumatic governor system for a fuel injection pump having a control rack for controlling the amount of fuel injected into an internal combustion engine and a pneumatic governor operatively connected to said control rack, said pneumatic governor being provided with a deformable member connected to said control rack for defining a vacuum chamber which receives a vacuum produced in an intake manifold of said engine and an atmospheric pressure chamber which receives atmospheric pressure; comprising, an atmospheric pressure intake passage fixed on said atmospheric pressure chamber for introducing atmospheric to the same, throttlemeans fixed in said atmospheric pressure intake passage for throttling said passage in accordance with an electrical signal, control means connected with said throttle means for producing said electrical signal to actuate said throttle means in accordance with an acceleration signal, and an acceleration detector connected with said control means for detecting the acceleration of said engine to produce said acceleration signal and to apply this acceleration signal to said control means.
  • a pneumatic governor system wherein said acceleration detector produces an acceleration signal having a characteristic which varies as a function of the degree of rapidness of the acceleration of said engine, and said control means provides to said throttle means an electrical signal for varying the throttling of said throttle means depending on the characteristic of said acceleration signal.
  • a pneumatic governor system wherein said engine is provided with a throttle valve at said intake manifold, and said acceleration detector comprises a potentiometer operatively connected to said throttle valve so that the potential is changed depending on the rotation of said throttle valve and a capacitor for producing said acceleration signal which is a differential value of the potential change in said potentiometer.
  • a pneumatic governor system wherein said throttle means consists of an electromagnetic valve for throttling said atmospheric pressure inlet passage only during the conduction time, and said control means is provided with a circuit means for actuating said electromagnetic valve for a time defined by said acceleration signal.
  • a pneumatic governor system wherein said control means comprises a transistor which is turned on by said acceleration signal, a capacitor which is charged during the off period of said transistor and discharge its charge upon turning on of said transistor, a zener diode which is turned on when the potential due to the charge of said capacitor exceed a predetermined value, and a transistor which is turned on upon turning on of said zener diode for actuating said electromagnetic valve.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
  • High-Pressure Fuel Injection Pump Control (AREA)
US403608A 1972-10-06 1973-10-04 Pneumatic governor system for fuel injection pump Expired - Lifetime US3916861A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP10088072A JPS5438696B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-10-06 1972-10-06

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JP (1) JPS5438696B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4175530A (en) * 1977-01-21 1979-11-27 Diesel Kiki Co., Ltd. Pneumatic governor control apparatus for engine fuel injection system
US4187818A (en) * 1977-09-15 1980-02-12 Lucas Industries Limited Fuel injection pumping apparatus for internal combustion engines including manifold pressure device
GB2288475A (en) * 1994-04-15 1995-10-18 Rover Group Fuel control system

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3295351B2 (ja) * 1997-09-22 2002-06-24 株式会社クボタ メカニカルガバナ付き電子燃料噴射エンジン

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2749898A (en) * 1953-07-27 1956-06-12 Continental Motors Corp Fuel injection control
US2893366A (en) * 1955-10-31 1959-07-07 Bosch Arma Corp Fuel injection apparatus
US2897809A (en) * 1956-07-31 1959-08-04 Daimler Benz Ag Control system for an internal combustion engine
US2900916A (en) * 1954-10-14 1959-08-25 Renault Volumetric diaphragm pumps for gasoline injection
US3064636A (en) * 1960-12-22 1962-11-20 Borg Warner Fuel injection idle enrichment control mechanism
US3394685A (en) * 1965-06-03 1968-07-30 Lucas Industries Ltd Control means for fuel supply systems for internal combustion engines
US3590794A (en) * 1968-12-16 1971-07-06 Roger O Durham Fuel injection and transfer pump
US3651791A (en) * 1969-08-07 1972-03-28 Nippon Denso Co System for controlling fuel supply to an internal combustion engine
US3696798A (en) * 1969-11-14 1972-10-10 Ford Motor Co Combustion process for engine of spark ignition, fuel injection type
US3722487A (en) * 1970-11-30 1973-03-27 Honda Motor Co Ltd Apparatus for compensation of the operation of a fuel injection device for an internal combustion engine
US3757796A (en) * 1971-06-17 1973-09-11 Peugeot & Renault Device for regulating the flow of fuel injected into an internal combustion engine

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2749898A (en) * 1953-07-27 1956-06-12 Continental Motors Corp Fuel injection control
US2900916A (en) * 1954-10-14 1959-08-25 Renault Volumetric diaphragm pumps for gasoline injection
US2893366A (en) * 1955-10-31 1959-07-07 Bosch Arma Corp Fuel injection apparatus
US2897809A (en) * 1956-07-31 1959-08-04 Daimler Benz Ag Control system for an internal combustion engine
US3064636A (en) * 1960-12-22 1962-11-20 Borg Warner Fuel injection idle enrichment control mechanism
US3394685A (en) * 1965-06-03 1968-07-30 Lucas Industries Ltd Control means for fuel supply systems for internal combustion engines
US3590794A (en) * 1968-12-16 1971-07-06 Roger O Durham Fuel injection and transfer pump
US3651791A (en) * 1969-08-07 1972-03-28 Nippon Denso Co System for controlling fuel supply to an internal combustion engine
US3696798A (en) * 1969-11-14 1972-10-10 Ford Motor Co Combustion process for engine of spark ignition, fuel injection type
US3722487A (en) * 1970-11-30 1973-03-27 Honda Motor Co Ltd Apparatus for compensation of the operation of a fuel injection device for an internal combustion engine
US3757796A (en) * 1971-06-17 1973-09-11 Peugeot & Renault Device for regulating the flow of fuel injected into an internal combustion engine

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4175530A (en) * 1977-01-21 1979-11-27 Diesel Kiki Co., Ltd. Pneumatic governor control apparatus for engine fuel injection system
US4187818A (en) * 1977-09-15 1980-02-12 Lucas Industries Limited Fuel injection pumping apparatus for internal combustion engines including manifold pressure device
GB2288475A (en) * 1994-04-15 1995-10-18 Rover Group Fuel control system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2350224B2 (de) 1975-06-05
JPS4958232A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-06-06
DE2350224A1 (de) 1974-04-25
JPS5438696B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1979-11-22

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