US3914042A - Toner image transfer apparatus - Google Patents

Toner image transfer apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3914042A
US3914042A US221230A US22123072A US3914042A US 3914042 A US3914042 A US 3914042A US 221230 A US221230 A US 221230A US 22123072 A US22123072 A US 22123072A US 3914042 A US3914042 A US 3914042A
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United States
Prior art keywords
transfer
photoreceptor
transfer member
feeder assembly
positions
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US221230A
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English (en)
Inventor
Donald W Watson
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Videojet Technologies Inc
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Xerox Corp
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Publication date
Priority to BE794567D priority Critical patent/BE794567A/xx
Application filed by Xerox Corp filed Critical Xerox Corp
Priority to US221230A priority patent/US3914042A/en
Priority to CA156,785A priority patent/CA976418A/en
Priority to DE2301318A priority patent/DE2301318B2/de
Priority to CH58873A priority patent/CH551031A/xx
Priority to JP821873A priority patent/JPS5330494B2/ja
Priority to NL7301121A priority patent/NL7301121A/xx
Priority to BR73578A priority patent/BR7300578D0/pt
Priority to GB379373A priority patent/GB1420281A/en
Priority to IT19610/73A priority patent/IT978467B/it
Priority to FR7302884A priority patent/FR2169350B1/fr
Priority to US345385A priority patent/US3870541A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3914042A publication Critical patent/US3914042A/en
Assigned to VIDEOJET SYSTEMS INTERNATIONAL, INC., ELK GROVE VILLAGE, ILLINOIS, A DE. CORP. reassignment VIDEOJET SYSTEMS INTERNATIONAL, INC., ELK GROVE VILLAGE, ILLINOIS, A DE. CORP. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: XEROX CORPORATION, A CORP. OF N.Y.
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/14—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base
    • G03G15/16—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base of a toner pattern, e.g. a powder pattern, e.g. magnetic transfer
    • G03G15/163—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base of a toner pattern, e.g. a powder pattern, e.g. magnetic transfer using the force produced by an electrostatic transfer field formed between the second base and the electrographic recording member, e.g. transfer through an air gap
    • G03G15/1635—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base of a toner pattern, e.g. a powder pattern, e.g. magnetic transfer using the force produced by an electrostatic transfer field formed between the second base and the electrographic recording member, e.g. transfer through an air gap the field being produced by laying down an electrostatic charge behind the base or the recording member, e.g. by a corona device
    • G03G15/165—Arrangements for supporting or transporting the second base in the transfer area, e.g. guides

Definitions

  • her is charged using ion charging techniques and then is brought into physical contact with a portion of a toner image on a photoreceptor so that such toner image may be selectively transferred onto the transfer member.
  • ionization of the gap between the charged transfer member and the portion of the photoreceptor having said toner image thereon is avoided by bringing said charged transfer member into physical contact with the portion of the toner image within a time interval which is less than the time interval required by the ion charging source employed to ionize the gap between the portion of the photoreceptor an i the approaching transfer member.
  • This invention relates to electrophotographic transfer techniques and more particularly to improved methods and apparatus for selectively transferring developed electrostatic images present on a photoreceptor to a transfer member such as a paper sheet or web.
  • the latent electrostatic image formed is then developed or rendered viewable generally by the application of triboelectrically charged, finely divided particles known as toner, to the image area of the photoreceptor so that such charged particles are deposited in a selective pattern on the image area of the photoreceptor in accordance with the charge pattern exhibited by the latent electrostatic image formed.
  • the developed image as thus formed may then be fixed to the surface of the photoreceptor or as is usually the case transferred to a transfer member, such as a paper sheet, and then fused so that the more expensive photoreceptor is available for subsequent recycling.
  • the photoreceptor takes the form of a drum or a continuous web and the various processing stations are arranged about the periphery thereof so that the foregoing electrophotographic processes may be accomplished on a continuous basis as a point on the periphery of the photoreceptor rotates past the various charging, exposure, developing, transfer and cleaning stations in sequence; these conventional electrophotographic processes provide such a powerful, yet practical mechanism for such tasks such as document reproduction and the like that they have virtually eclipsed all other document copying techniques employed in the commercial marketplace.
  • electrophotographic printing apparatus which acts to retrieve information in bulk
  • label printing apparatus disclosed in U.S. Ser. No. 49,208 tiled on June 22, [970, to Raymond A. Wilmes and assigned to the Xerox Corporation
  • a plurality of data cards in the form of address cards, microfiche or the like are loaded and processed on a continuous basis so that document information frmo each of the data cards loaded is sequentially reproduced on a paper web.
  • the paper web may be removed from the electrophotographic printing apparatus and cut or torn along perforated portions of the web to obtain the desired label for addressing purposes or the like, from each of the data cards loaded.
  • 49,208, supra employs continuous electrophotographic processing techniques which are similar to those outlined above in that a photoreceptor member in the form of a drum is relied upon and charging, exposure, development, transfer and cleaning stations are disposed about the periphery thereof so that continuous processing is achieved.
  • a peripheral portion of the photoreceptor whose area is sufficient to accommodate the document information on the data card, is sensitized at a charging station formed by conventional corotron apparatus and exposed to image radiation representing the document information on the data card so that a latent electrostatic image is formed.
  • a transfer member which in this case takes the form of a paper web is disposed on the surface of the photoreceptor member in such manner that the transfer member will be in physical contact with the toner image formed at only a few points on the surface thereof due to the absence of a strong force of attraction between the adjacent surfaces of the uncharged paper web and the photoreceptor member while the remaining adjacent surface portions may be separated by an air gap of several microns.
  • the transfer member is adapted for motion in the same direction as the surface of the photoreceptor member in the area of contact therebetween, and the speed of the portion of the transfer member adjacent to the surface of the photoreceptor member is equal to the surface speed of the photoreceptor member.
  • the successive portions of the photoreceptor member having the transfer member disposed thereon are displaced with the rotation of the photoreceptor member so as to be brought into a charging relationship with a corotron present in the transfer station.
  • the portions of the transfer member in a charging relationship with the corotron receive, in the well-known manner, ion charging current so that such surface portions are charged to a uniform potential.
  • the charges applied to the surface of the transfer member migrate to the opposite surface thereof adjacent to the toner image on the photoreceptor and hence induce opposite charges in corresponding portions of the conductive backing of the photoreceptor member.
  • the charge on the portions of the transfer member receiving ion charging current from the corotron thus produce a very substantial force of attraction between corresponding portions of adjacent surfaces of the transfer member and the photoreceptor member thereby bringing such portions of the transfer member into intimate contact with the portions of the toner image on the adjacent portions of the photoreceptor.
  • the field strength between the charged portion of the transfer member and the adjacent image portion of the photoreceptor member is sufficient to cause most of the oppositely charged toner to be transferred from the photoreceptor member to the transfer member. This operation will be continued for successive portions of the transfer member on a continuous basis until the entire toner image associated with each peripheral image portion of the photoreceptor has been transferred.
  • the toner image formed on the photoreceptor member by the developing step carried out at the development station is transferred to the paper web so that only residual toner material remains on the surface portion of the photoreceptor associated with a peripheral portion thereof which has passed through the transfer station. Upon completion of the image transfer.
  • the toner image present on the paper web is fused to render it permanent while the peripheral portion of the photoreceptor member which has been processed through the transfer station rotates to a conventional cleaning station where the residual toner is removed so that such peripheral portion of the photoreceptor may again be employed in the formation of another latent electrostatic image when the rotation of the photoreceptor drum next brings it into an operative relation with the charging and exposure stations associated with the latent electrostatic image formation to thereby achieve continuous electrophotographic processing.
  • the transfer operation may be achieved by first bringing an uncharged transfer member into physical contact with the toner image on the photoreceptor and thereafter imposing the requisite charge level thereon to accomplish transfer whereby highly efficient corona charging techniques may be employed at the transfer station without risk that a gap between a charged transfer member and the photoreceptor, which is here essentially non-existent, will break down and place a like charge on both the toner material and the transfer member to thereby defeat the transfer mechanism by causing the toner image to be forced toward the surface of the photoreceptor due to the force of repulsion manifested between charged bodies or surfaces exhibiting like charge polarities.
  • ln electrophotographic printing apparatus which acts to selectively retrieve information from storage, such as the DICK STRIP printing apparatus disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 2,859,673 to l. M. Hix et al.; data cards containing label information are loaded and a charging station, an exposure station and a development station are again disposed about the periphery of a photoreceptor in the form of a drum so that a latent electrostatic image of the document information on each data card is formed and subsequently developed on a continuous basis as the data cards are received at the exposure station.
  • storage such as the DICK STRIP printing apparatus disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 2,859,673 to l. M. Hix et al.; data cards containing label information are loaded and a charging station, an exposure station and a development station are again disposed about the periphery of a photoreceptor in the form of a drum so that a latent electrostatic image of the document information on each data card is formed and subsequently developed on
  • the transfer station comprises a transfer roller mounted on a pivoted bracket and located in the winding and reeling path of the transfer member in a manner such that the paper web is disposed about a major portion of the periphery of the transfer roller.
  • the pivoted bracket is spring biased in such manner that a portion of the transfer roller having the paper web disposed thereon is normally in a physically engaging relationship with the photoreceptor so that toner image transfer may be accomplished, while a cam means is provided in association with a remote portion of the bracket and adapted, when engaged, to pivot the bracket and hence the transfer roller out of engagement with the photoreceptor. in this manner, when selective transfer is dictated by the comparison circuitry, the cam engagement is released and the web brought into physical contact with the photoreceptor while when image transfer is inappropriate, the cam is rotated into engagement whereby the transfer web is rotated away from the surface of the photoreceptor.
  • the transfer web may not be continuously brought into contact with the photoreceptor prior to charging due to the uniform conductivity of the transfer roller and hence although not specifically stated.
  • the transfer roller can only be biased to about four hundred to five hundred volts (depending upon roller and paper conductivity and paper thickness) in order to avoid the aforesaid problems of air gap ionization and attendant charge transfer between a charged transfer member and a toner image which are being brought into physical contact.
  • the results of these limitations on the operation of the biased transfer roller at such low potential is that transfer efficiency is severely limited and the quality of the image transferred is extremely poor.
  • transfer rollers as a means for establishing a charge on a transfer web is not preferred.
  • This view is taken because transfer rollers as compared to corotron charging devices are notoriously inefficient devices from the stand point of imposing a substantial charge level on an insulating surface and pose a number of serious problems when employed in a toner image transfer environment.
  • the charging characteristics of a transfer roller are symmetrical and cannot be readily controlled with respect to the transfer member while the point of entry and exit of a transfer member with respect to a charging relationship with a corotron is selectable at will.
  • the conductivity of a transfer roller must be closely controlled for it to function properly and impose a sufficient charge level to achieve image transfer.
  • transfer rollers With transfer rollers, the conductivity varies greatly with changing humidity conditions and aging. Corotrons, however, are not highly sensitive to aging or changing humidity factors and when utilized in a transfer environment generally will allow the transfer web feed apparatus to be highly simplified over those required for use with a transfer roller. Furthermore, while corotrons rarely require cleaning, transfer rollers tend to collect dust in a manner reminiscent of an electrostatic air cleaner and if the transfer web should break will quickly be covered with toner material removed from the photoreceptor as they act, under these conditions, directly as a transfer member. Thus, when used in a transfer environment, transfer rollers require frequent cleaning and often a separate cleaning station must be provided therefor.
  • corotrons have not, to the knowledge of the inventor, been successfully employed in transfer stations of electrophotographic printing apparatus which acts to selectively retrieve information from storage by selectively transferring toner images formed on a photoreceptor to a transfer medium in the form of a web or a transfer medium which is handled by winding and reeling techniques associated with a web even though corotrons have been widely used in the transfer stations of electrophotographic printing apparatus which acts to retrieve information in bulk.
  • corotrons are highly efficient means for imposing a substantial charge level on an insulating surface but may not be practically operated at an intermittent (on-off) rate which is sufficiently fast to accommodate the rate of selective transfer operations required by the angular speed of photoreceptor drums employed in most electrophotographic printing apparatus
  • the use of corotron charging techniques in the transfer stations of electrophotographic printing apparatus wherein selective information retrieval is obtained by the selective transfer of toner images to a transfer medium in the form of a web or the like has heretofore been considered to be foreclosed by the inability to place the transfer member in physical contact with the toner image prior to imposing a substantial charge level thereon.
  • This invention proceeds from the discovery that a continuously operating corotron may be successfully employed in a transfer station in conjunction with a web-like transfer member or a transfer member which is handled by winding and reeling techniques associated with a web to obtain selective toner image transfer from a photoreceptor provided the charged transfer member is rapidly brought into initial physical contact with a portion of the toner image to be transferred.
  • a charged transfer member which has been maintained in a charging relationship with a corotron may be brought into physical contact with a selected portion of a toner image without ionization of the gap or charge transfer to the toner image so long as such transfer member is brought into contact with a selected portion of the toner image within a time interval which is less than the time interval required by the corotron to maintain the potential on the surface of the transfer member.
  • any charged member may be brought into physical contact with a selected portion of a toner image without exceeding the critical stressspace relationship set forth in the Paschen curve whereby all the advantages of corona' charging techniques may be appropriated for use in a transfer station environment without the risk of partial or complete failure of the transfer mechanism due to the ionization of the gap between the charged toner image and transfer member being brought into physical contact.
  • the transfer operation proceeds in the same manner as if the transfer member were initially brought into physical contact with a portion of the toner image and then charged since its entry point with respect to a charging relationship with the corotron may be made subsequent to its contact point with the photoreceptor.
  • improved toner image transfer methods and apparatus therefor wherein a transfer member is charged using ion charging techniques and then is brought into physical contact with a portion of a toner image on a photoreceptor so that such toner image may be transferred onto said transfer member, ionization of the gap between the charged transfer member and the portion of the photoreceptor having said toner image thereon is avoided by bringing said charged transfer member into physical contact with said portion of said toner image within a time interval which is less than the time interval required by the ion charging techniques employed to maintain the voltage level on said transfer member as said transfer member is moving toward said portion of the toner image.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a conventional corona charging transfer station employed within typical electrophotographic printing apparatus which does not give rise to the problems to which the instant invention is addressed but is useful in briefly describing the process of toner image transfer within continuous process electrophotographic apparatus;
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate conditions which obtain when corona techniques are employed in a transfer station utilized to selectively transfer toner images to weblike transfer members;
  • FIG. 3 is a graph depicting the critical stress-space relationship for air gap breakdown between charged surfaces known as the Paschen curve.
  • FIGS. 4A-4C illustrate an exemplary embodiment of this invention wherein the improved toner image transfer methods and apparatus therefor are illustrated in an electrophotographic environment associated with the selective transfer of toner images from the photoreceptor to a web-like transfer member.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a conventional corona charging transfer station employed within typical electrophotographic printing apparatus and although not giving rise to the problems to which the instant invention is addressed is useful in briefly describing the process of toner image transfer within continuous process electrophotographic apparatus and lending an understanding to such problems.
  • the electrophotographic processing equipment illustrated in FIG. 1 is shown a conventional corona charging transfer station employed within typical electrophotographic printing apparatus and although not giving rise to the problems to which the instant invention is addressed is useful in briefly describing the process of toner image transfer within continuous process electrophotographic apparatus and lending an understanding to such problems.
  • the electrophotographic equipment illustrated takes the form of continuous processing electrophotographic apparatus based upon the con cepts originally disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 2,297,69l, issued to Carlson on Oct. 6, l947, and accordingly comprises a photoreceptor 2, a charging station 4, an exposure station 6, a development station 8, a transfer station 10 and a cleaning station 12.
  • the photoreceptor 2 as illustrated in FIG. 1 may take the conventional form of a drum or endless web adapted to rotate in the direction indicated by the arrow A.
  • the photoreceptor 2 may take any well-known structural configuration and for the purposes of the instant disclosure has been illustrated as a simple two layer drum 2 including an insulating member 14 and a conductive member 16.
  • the conductive member f6 may be formed of any suitable conductive material or a nonconductor overcoated with a conductive foil.
  • the insulating member 14 would ordinar ily be formed ofa material, such as selenium, displaying photoconductive characteristics such that the member 14 is normally insulating and exhibits excellent charge retentivity but may be rendered selectively conductive by the application of electromagnetic radiation thereto through a light and dark pattern representing an object to be copied or alternatively, reflection exposure techniques may be employed.
  • the photoreceptor 2 is disposed in an operative relationship with each of the processing stations arranged about the periphery thereof so that upon appropriate energization of the illustrated electrophotographic equipment, the rotation of the photoreceptor 2 in the direction indicated by the arrow A, as aforesaid, will subject each point on the periphery of the insulating member 14 to the process step performed at each such station.
  • the charging station 4 may take the conventional form of one or more charging devices 18 which act in the well-known manner to sensitize the photoreceptor 2 by charging the surface of the insulating member 14 to a uniform potential.
  • any conventional form of charging device 18 may be relied upon to impose a charge level on the surface of the photoreceptor 2
  • corotron devices having half-round shield configurations have been illustrated in FIG. 1 because the utilization of corotrons in typical electrophotographic equipment is usually preferred.
  • the structure and mode of operation of corotrons such as are illustrated in FIG. 1 are well known and are described in detail in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,836,725 and 2,879,395, to Vyverberg and Walkup, respectively. Therefore, for the purposes of the instant disclosure, it is sufficient to appreciate that the coronode 19 of the depicted corotron I8 is connected to an appropriate source of high potential V;
  • the corotron l8 acts in the conventional manner to charge the surface of the photoreceptor 2 disposed thereunder to a uniform potential.
  • the exposure station 6 is also disposed about the periphery of the photoreceptor 2 and may take the conventional form of a projection system or the like wherein optical transmission or reflection techniques are relied upon to image a light and dark pattern representing the object to be copied onto the surface of the insulating member 14 disposed thereunder.
  • PK 1 a slit exposure device has been generally indicated; however, any optical system which relies upon lenses or the like may be readily employed.
  • the exposure station 6 illustrated in FIG, 1 has been shown positioned in such manner that the rotating photoreceptor is initially sensitized by the charging station 4 and subsequently exposed, it will be apparent that the processing steps of charging and exposure may be carried out simultaneously by altering the position of the exposure station 6 and/or the charging station 4.
  • FIG. 1 Although only the simplified processing steps of a single charging operation and a single exposure are depicted in FIG. 1, it will be obvious that additional electrophotographic processing steps such as another charging operation may be employed in the formation of the latent electrostatic image or the latent electrostatic image formed may be reversed or otherwise altered by the use of such additional processing steps as is well known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the photoreceptor 2 is next presented to the developing station indicated generally at 8 where a latent electrostatic image formed is developed.
  • the development station 8 may take the form of a conventional cascade developer station which includes a hopper 24 suitable for subjecting appropriate portions of the photoreceptor to a cascade development step or the like, and a reservoir 26 for supplying developer material to the hopper 24 and receiving cascaded developer material after it has been cascaded over the photoreceptor 2.
  • the reservoir 26 is maintained filled to an appropriate level, as indicated, with developer material in the form of conventional carrier beads and toner material and is additionally provided with conventional conveyor means, not shown, through which developer material is supplied to the hopper 24 during such times as the development station 8 is operating.
  • the development station 8 acts in the well-known manner, to flow developer material, in the form of carrier beads having a plurality of toner particles clinging to the surface thereof, from the hopper 24 over the peripheral portions of the photoreceptor 2 in an operative relationship therewith so that toner material will be deposited on the peripheral portion of the photoreceptor in accordance with charge pattern exhibited thereby.
  • the image transfer station 10 comprises a transfer member 28 and ion charging means 30 for imposing a predetermined charge on such transfer member 28 to thereby effect transfer of the toner image from the surface of the photoreceptor 2 to the transfer member 28.
  • the transfer member 28 may here take the form of a sheet, web or drum formed of suitable transfer material such as paper, plastic or any of the other well-known materials conventionally employed as transfer materials, as it is here assumed that all toner images formed on the surface of the photoreceptor 2 are to be transferred in the manner characterizing the bulk informa tion retrieval systems discussed above.
  • suitable transfer material such as paper, plastic or any of the other well-known materials conventionally employed as transfer materials, as it is here assumed that all toner images formed on the surface of the photoreceptor 2 are to be transferred in the manner characterizing the bulk informa tion retrieval systems discussed above.
  • the transfer member 28 must take the form of a sheet wherein one sheet is fed for each image to be transferred so that such sheet may be placed in physical contact with a portion of the toner image to be transferred at a location which is prior to a location where charging takes place.
  • the charging means 30 may take the form of a half-round corotron, as illustrated, which may be structured in the same manner as the charging means illustrated at the charging station 2 and described above.
  • any other conventional form of charging means such as those discussed in conjunction with the charging station 2 may be employed in place of the charging means 30 illustrated in FIG. 1, it being appreciated corotron devices are preferred as they are not highly sensitive to aging or changing humidity conditions, they enable simpler transfer member handling systems to be employed, the entry point of the transfer member 28 into a region where charge is imposed may be readily controlled, and should a misfeed or break in the transfer member 28 occur, they will not be clogged with toner material deposited on the photoreceptor 2.
  • V a suitable source of potential V, which may take the form of a conventional d.c. supply.
  • V a suitable source of potential
  • the transfer member 28 and the transfer station 10 are limited to operating conditions wherein the transfer member 28 is in physical contact with the toner image prior to being charged and hence considerations relating to gap ionization between a pair of charged surfaces being brought into contact are not relevant.
  • the image portion of the photoreceptor 2 next passes to the cleaning station 12 where residual toner particles are removed from the surface of the photoreceptor 2 preparatory to the subsequent formation of a new latent electrostatic image on the photoreceptor 2.
  • the cleaning station 12 may take the conventional form of rotating fur brush cleaning means, wiper means or cascade cleaning means which act in the well-known manner to remove residual toner from the surface of the photoreceptor 2.
  • the charging means 18 present at the charging station 4 will impose a charge on the portions of the photoreceptor passing therebeneath by the application of ion charging current thereto.
  • the surface of the photoreceptor 2 will thus be charged to a uniform potential by the action of the charging means 18 which is illustrated in FIG. I as comprising a conventional corotron.
  • the rotation of the photoreceptor 2 in the direction indicated by the arrow A will bring the previously charged portions of the photoreceptor 2 into an operative relationship with the exposure station 6.
  • the exposure station 6 acts in the well-known manner to selectively expose the photoconductive portion of the photoreceptor 2, which here takes the form of the insulating member 14, to electromagnetic radiation from the document information on the data card presently at the exposure station 6.
  • the exposure station 6 acts to image a light and dark pattern representative of the image to be formed on the charged surface of the insulating member 14 of the photoreceptor 2.
  • the photoconductive insulating member 14 is rendered selectively conductive, in the well-known manner, so that the charge levels on the light struck portions thereof are substantially reduced while charge levels on portions thereof which correspond to dark portions of the image area are maintained at the relatively high charge levels imposed at the charging station 4.
  • latent electrostatic images are formed on the photoreceptor 2 by the combined action of the charging station 4 and the exposure station 6 for each data card received at the exposure station.
  • the development station 8 may be considered to be continuously energized. Therefore, as each of the latent electrostatic images previously formed enter the environment of the development station 8, developer material is cascaded over each image in a continuous manner until the rotation of the photoreceptor causes that peripheral image area to again leave the peripheral area occupied by the developing station 8.
  • the developer material delivered to the surface of the photoreceptor 2 from the hopper 24 will flow over the surface of the photoreceptor 2 in the form of carrier beads having a plurality of toner particles clinging to the surface thereof due to the electrostatic force of attraction exhibited therebetween.
  • the carrier-to-toner bond of the cascading developer material will be overcome by the charged portions of the latent electrostatic image on the photoreceptor 2 in proportion to their magnitude, causing such toner particles to selectively adhere to the area occupied by the latent electrostatic image in accordance with the charge variations displayed thereby.
  • toner material is deposited on each image area of the photoreceptor 2 in accordance with the charge configuration of the latent electrostatic image formed so that a toner image thereof is established.
  • each image area of the photoreceptor 2, as now represented by a developed toner image arrives at the transfer station 10, it will come into physical contact with the transfer member 28, which is disposed on the surface of the photoreceptor 2 and moving in the direction indicated by the arrow B at the same speed as an adjacent point on the periphery of the photoreceptor 2 in contact therewith.
  • the physical contact established at this juncture between the transfer member 28 and corresponding points on the photoreceptor 2 is such that the transfer member 28 will be in physical contact with the toner image formed at only a few points on the surface thereof due to the absence of a strong force of attraction between the adjacent surfaces of the transfer member 28 and the photoreceptor 2 while the remaining adjacent surface portions therebetween may be separated by an air gap of several microns.
  • portions of the transfer member 28 in a charging relationship therewith will receive ion charging current along the width thereof so that such surface portions are charged to a uniform potential.
  • the charges applied to the surface of transfer member 28 will migrate in the well-known manner to the opposite surface thereof adjacent to the toner image and hence will induce opposite charges in corresponding portions of the conductive backing 16 of the photoreceptor 2.
  • the charge on the portions of the transfer member 28 receiving ion charging current from the corotron 30 will produce a very substantial force of attraction between corresponding portions of the adjacent surfaces of the transfer member 28 and the photoreceptor 2 thereby bringing such portions of the transfer member 28 into intimate contact with the portions of the toner image on the adjacent portions of the photoreceptor 2.
  • the field strength between the charged portion of the transfer member 28 and the adjacent portion of the photoreceptor 2 will be sufficient to cause most of the oppositely charged toner to be transferred from the photoreceptor 2 to the transfer member 28.
  • each toner image formed on the photoreceptor 2 by the developing step carried out at the development station 8 is transferred to the transfer member 28 so that only residual toner material from the step of development remains on the surface of the photoreceptor 2.
  • the rotating image portions of the photoreceptor 2 are next brought into an operative relationship with the cleaning station 12 so that residual toner material may be removed from the image portion of the photoreceptor 2 prior to reuse.
  • the cleaning station 12 may be entirely conventional, as aforesaid, so that if nontacky toner material was relied upon.
  • the image portion of the photoreceptor 2 may be wiped by a conventional rotating fur brush or cotton wiping means may be employed.
  • the cleaning station 12 may employ cascade cleaning techniques wherein granular material, which acts similarly to the carrier beads in a two component developer material, is cascaded over the image portion of the photoreceptor in the well-known manner and residual toner particles are attracted from the surface of the photoreceptor 2 by triboelectric attraction without danger of marring or scratching the surface of the photoreceptor.
  • each peripheral image location on the photoreceptor 2 may be again utilized to form additional toner images of the document information being supplied to the exposure station 6 whereupon the steps of the formation of succeeding latent electrostatic images, development, transfer and cleaning may again be repeated.
  • each toner image formed is transferred and hence the continuously moving transfer member may be maintained in a contacting relationship with the photoreceptor 2 at a point prior to that at which a charge is imposed so long as the speed of the transfer member 28 at the points of contact is equal to the rotational speed of adjacent points on the photoreceptor.
  • a similar relationship could be achieved in a selective transfer operation provided a sheet-like transfer member is employed and the toner images to be transferred are sufficiently large so that practical sheet feed apparatus could be designed to feed an individuai sheet at the proper speed and time to serve as an independent transfer member for each selected image.
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate pertinent conditions which obtain when a transfer station utilizing a corotron and a web-like transfer member are operated in the foregoing manner and are employed to provide what is considered to be the most probable explanation for the failure of the prior art to successfully operate ion charging transfer stations in this manner as well as what is thought to be the most probable explanation for the success of the instant invention.
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate conditions which obtain when corona charging techniques are employed in a transfer station utilized to selectively transfer toner images to a web.
  • FIGS. 2A and 28 only a photoreceptor and a transfer station 33 employing a corotron 34 have been illustrated because only conditions which obtain in a selective transfer operation are here of interest; however, it will be appreciated that these elec trophotographic components may be present within continuous electrophotographic processing apparatus of the type described in conjunction with FIG. 1 and that a latent electrostatic image which may be subsequently developed into a toner image is formed for the document information on each data card or the like presented to the exposure station and subsequently presented to the transfer station 33 due to the rotation of the photoreceptor 32.
  • FIGS. 2A and 28 For more details anent selective printing apparatus wherein selective toner image transfer to a web is employed, reference may be had to application Serial No. 221,229 filed on equal date herewith in the names of Hutner et al.
  • the photoreceptor 32 and the corotron 34 illustrated in FIGS. 2A and 28 may be considered to take the same form and perform the same functions as the photoreceptor 2 and the corotron described in conjunction with FIG. 1 however, the partially shown transfer web 35 is disposed about a turn-around roller 36.
  • the winding and reeling apparatus for driving the transfer web or strip 35 has been indicated in FIGS.
  • the transfer web 35 When, as illustrated in FlG. 2A, the peripheral image portion 37 of the photoreceptor 32, which is not to be transferred, is present at the transfer station 33, the transfer web 35 must be displaced from the surface of the photoreceptor 32 and preferably stopped. The displacement of the transfer web 35 is required so that erroneous transfer and toner fouling of the transfer member will not result while stopping of the transfer member during periods when no transfer is to occur is preferred to avoid the presence of long intervals on the transfer member where no images are present and the waste and inconvenience associated therewith. Under the static conditions illustrated in FIG. 2A, the corotron 34 will charge the transfer web 35, across the portion of the width thereof disposed under the coronode wire and along an effective length of about I in.
  • the corotron 34 will charge the portion of the transfer web 35 disposed thereunder to a potential of approximately 2 KV and this will occur substantially independent of the spacing between the coronode and the transfer web 35 so long as reasonable spacing relationships are maintained between the coronode, the transfer web 35 and the photoreceptor 32 whose interior layer, illustrated in FIG. 1, acts as a ground plane.
  • the transfer web 35 When the rotation of the photoreceptor 32 causes the peripheral image portion 37 to leave the region of the transfer station 33 and bring the toner image 38, which is to be transferred, into a transfer relationship therewith, the transfer web 35 must be brought to the same speed as the velocity ofa point on the toner image to be transferred and placed in physical contact with the surface of the photoreceptor 32 as shown in FIG. 2B. This may be readily achieved by energizing the winding and reeling apparatus associated with the transfer web drive and by displacing the turn-around roller 36 or any other appropriate guide means associated with the transfer web drive in an upward direction so that point or are contact is established between the transfer web 35 and the surface of the photoreceptor 32.
  • This action might be expected to achieve transfer of the toner image 38 from the surface of the photoreceptor 32 to the transfer web 35; however, what generally occurs is a partial or complete failure of the transfer mechanism resulting in the well-known zebra striping of the image on the transfer web 35.
  • FIG. 3 is a graph depicting the critical stress-space relationship for air gap breakdown between charged surfaces known as the Paschen curve.
  • the air gap in microns t is plotted along the abscissa while the electric field in the air gap in volts per micron (V/p.) is plotted along the ordinate.
  • the Paschen curve indicates the values of electric field in the air gap which will cause air gaps of various dimensions to ionize.
  • the Paschen curve plotted in FIG. 3 may be considered to define typical critical stress conditions when conventional photoreceptor and transfer member materials are employed.
  • the Paschen curve is asymptotic to a value of approximately 8 v/p. and rises slowly to a value of approximately 40 v/p, for an air gap of 10 p. before breaking sharply upward to become asymptotic to a vertical axis drawn through the zero (0) air gap value of the abscissa which indicates, incidentally, why placing an uncharged transfer member in physical contact with a photoreceptor and thereafter charging the transfer member will not result in a breakdown. Therefore as the A v/p. field established for the static conditions illustrated in FIG. 2A is at least a full order of magnitude below the critical stress value of approximately 8 V/p.
  • the charge in coulombs on the transfer web 35 is given by the expression Q CV, m where C represents the capacitance between the transfer web 35 and the photoreceptor 32 in farads and V represents the voltage in volts on the transfer web 35 with respect to the ground plane of the photoreceptor 32.
  • the expression Q CV becomes where s equals the permittivity of free space and of the air.
  • the corotron 34 may not be practically operated in such manner that it is turned off whenever a selective transfer is to occur and hence it must remain energized while the transfer web 35 is being brought into selective physical contact with the photoreceptor 32. Therefore, since the corotron 34, as aforesaid, seeks to maintain a uniform potential in the effective portion of the transfer web 35 disposed in a charging relationship therewith regardless of its displacement therefrom, whenever selective transfer is to occur the corotron 34 will attempt to maintain the potential on the portion of the transfer member 35 approaching the photoreceptor 32 constant.
  • equation (2) should be first transposed to yield the expression which renders it apparent that if the voltage V is to be maintained constant the charge density aon the portion of the transfer member 35 approaching the photoreceptor must be increased to compensate for the linear increase in the per unit area capacitance c with the decrease in the air gap as the transfer member is brought toward the photoreceptor 32.
  • the ion current delivered by the corotron 34 to a surface at some finite positive potential could never exceed the bare plate current density of the corotron, i.e., the current delivered per unit area to a ground plane or a surface which is maintained at zero potential, which is generally set at approximately one-half a microamp per square centimeter (A pamplcm).
  • a pamplcm the corotrons maximum ability to vary the charge density ois considered with the assurance that this substantially exceeds actual delivered current conditions which could occur as transfer member 35 approaches the photoreceptor because at no time does the voltage on the transfer member go to zero.
  • the present invention gives rise to the ability to successfully achieve selective transfer by bringing a charged web-like transfer member or a transfer member which is handled by winding and reeling techniques associated with a web or strip into selective contact with a toner image while all the advantages of corotron charging and utilization are retained.
  • typical structure presently employed only in bulk electrophotographic information retrieval apparatus may be adapted for use in selective electrophotographic information retrieval systems.
  • An exemplary embodiment of apparatus for carrying out the inventive transfer methods contemplated herein is set forth in conjunction with FIGS. 4A-4C.
  • FIGS. 4A-4C illustrate an exemplary embodiment of this invention wherein the improved toner image transfer methods and apparatus therefor are illustrated in an electrophotographic environment associated with the selective transfer of toner images from the photoreceptor to a web-like transfer member.
  • FIG. 4A is a pictorial view of a turn-around roller assembly which is so configured that a web-like transfer member employed therewith is highly responsive to vertical displacement of such turn-around roller assembly whereby the web-like transfer member may be selectively engaged and disengaged with a peripheral portion of a photoreceptor by the selective displacement of such turn-around roller assembly.
  • FIGS. 4B and 4C illustrate the turn-around roller assembly of FIG.
  • FIG. 4A together with a web-like transfer member disposed thereon and means for selectively displacing such turnaround roller assembly
  • FIG. 4B depicting conditions wherein the web-like transfer member is disengaged from a selected portion of a photoreceptor
  • FIG. 4C shows conditions which obtain when the web-like transfer member is engaged with a selected portion of a photoreceptor at which toner image transfer is to occur.
  • the exemplary embodiment of the turn-around roller assembly in accordance with the teachings of the present invention comprises a pair of parallel extending T shaped support members 40, a pair of anchor members 41, a support shaft 42, a web or strip turn-around roller 43, stripper bar means 44 and a base member 45.
  • the pair of parallel extending T shaped support members 40 are horizontally disposed as indicated and have corresponding first end portions thereof coupled to respective ones of the pair of anchor members 41 in a manner to permit pivotable movement about a fixed axis 46.
  • the fixed axis 46 about which the pair of parallel extending T shaped support members may rotate is generally disposed within electrophotographic printing apparatus in a manner so as to be parallel to the axis of rotation of the photoreceptor employed.
  • the pair of anchor members 41 are fixedly mounted to the housing, not shown, of the electrophotographic printing apparatus in which the illustrated assembly is employed.
  • the support shaft 42 is mounted for rotation in each of the pair of parallel extending T shaped support members 40 in a manner so as to extend between the central portions thereof along an axis which is preferably parallel to fixed axis 46 and hence the axis of rotation of the photoreceptor employed within the electrophotographic printing apparatus.
  • the web or strip turn-around roller 43 is concentrically mounted upon the support shaft 42 and is freely rotatable thereabout.
  • the web or strip turnaround roller 43 as shall become apparent below, is adapted to have a web or strip like transfer member disposed thereabout in a similar manner to the turnaround roller 36 described in conjunction with FIGS.
  • the stripper bar means 44 may take the form of a conventional knife edge or vacuum bar stripper and is mounted between the opposite ends of the horizontal portions of the pair of parallel extending T shaped support members 40 and acts, as shall become apparent below, to strip portions of the transfer web or strip which are engaged with the photoreceptor therefrom when the transfer web or strip is to be disengaged from the photoreceptor.
  • the base member 45 is fixedly mounted across the ends of the vertical extending portions of the pair of parallel extending T shaped support members 40 and provides a rigid platform from which the displacement of the turnaround roller assembly as a whole may be achieved.
  • the base member 45 has been illustrated in FIG. 4A as including an upwardly extending flange portion 47 which is disposed at an acute angle with the longitudinal axis of the base member 45.
  • the flange portion 47 of the base member 45 is here provided, as shall be seen below, as a convenient means for mating the turnaround roller assembly with a portion of the means for displacing such assembly, however, so long as the base member 45 is sufficiently rigid, it may take any configuration which is suitable for connection to means for selectively displacing the turnaround roller assembly in a vertical direction.
  • FIGS. 48 and 4C illustrate the turn-around roller assembly of FIG. 4A together with a web-like transfer member 48 disposed thereon and means 49 for selectively displacing such turn-around roller assembly. Additionally in FIGS. 48 and 4C a drum-like photoreceptor 50 having images 51A and 51B thereon has been illustrated for the purpose of facilitating an explanation of the exemplary embodiment of the invention depicted in FIGS. 4A-4C.
  • the drum-like photoreceptor 50 as shown in FIGS. 48 and 4C, may take the same form as that described in conjunction with FIG.
  • FIGS. 4B and 4C only the transfer station including the continuously operating corotron 34, described in conjunction with FIGS. 2A and 2B, of the selective electrophotographic printing apparatus has here been shown as it is only this portion of the electrophotographic environment which is here ofinterest.
  • the web-like transfer member 48 comprises conventional material such as paper, plastic or similarly insulating material in the form of a web or strip and is disposed, as shown in FIGS.
  • the winding and reeling apparatus for the web-like transfer member 48 may take any conventional form so long as such winding and reeling apparatus is capable of selectively starting and stopping the motion of the web-like transfer member 48 in the direction indicated by the arrow C and once such motion is started, to quickly bring the speed of the web up to that of an adjacent point on the toner image to be transferred. Additionally, it is preferable that the winding and reeling apparatus employed continuously maintain the web-like transfer member 48 taut so that the positive displacement action of the turn-around roller assembly will be enhanced.
  • any appropriate winding and reeling apparatus for the web-like transfer member 48 may be employed, preferred winding and reeling apparatus for transfer members in the form of a strip is disclosed in application Ser. No. 221,229, supra.
  • image 51A and 51B indicated in FIGS. 43 and 4C as present on the photoreceptor 50 image 51A should be considered to be an image on the photoreceptor for which no transfer is desired while image 513 should be considered to take the form ofa toner image which is desired to be selectively transferred to the transfer web 48.
  • the means 49 for selectively displacing the turnaround roller assembly comprises a conventional solenoid whose plunger core or armature 52 is connected to the base member 45 of the turn-around roller assembly through a tab-like support member 53 to which the armature 52 is pinned.
  • a limit means 54 in the form of a concentrically mounted abutment member is provided on the armature 52 to limit the downward displacement of armature 52 when the solenoid is energized to thereby displace base member 45 and hence the turn-around roller assembly in the downward direction due to the pivotal movement of the turn-around roller assembly about the fixed axis 46.
  • a shaft 55 having adjustable stops thereon is mounted through an aperture in the upwardly extending flange portion 47 of the base member 45 of the turn-around roller assembly.
  • a spring means 56 is mounted on shaft 55 to maintain a constant upward bias on the flange portion 47 and hence the base member 45 while the shaft 55 is fixedly mounted in support block 57.
  • the solenoid is energized by externally supplied signals such as are disclosed for instance in US. application Ser. No. 22l,229, supra.
  • the solenoid When the solenoid is energized it will pull in its armature 52 in the well known manner causing base member 45 to be displaced in the downward direction until the limit means 54 abuts the solenoid housing as indicated in FIG. 4B. This causes the entire turn-around roller assembly shown in FIG.
  • the stripper bar means 44 From the standpoint of moving the web-like transfer member 48 from the surface of the photoreceptor 50 which occurs when the solenoid is energized, it should be noted that as the stripper bar means 44 is a greater distance away from the fixed axis of rotation 46 than is support shaft 42, the stripper bar means 44 will be displaced a greater distance than the turn-around roller 43. This allows the knife edge of the stripper bar means 44 to engage the surface of the weblike transfer member 48 from a disengaged position at approximately the same time that the turn-around roller 43 begins to exert a downward force on the web-like transfer member 48.
  • the portion of the web-like transfer member 48 will be rotated away from its contacting position with the photoreceptor 50 in a manner which may be likened to the rotational characteristics of a rigid sheet due to the two point engagement provided by the knife edge of the stripper bar means 44 and the lower surface portions of the turn-around roller 43.
  • the tacking force between the photoreceptor 50 and the contacting section of the transfer member 48 will be rapidly overcome causing the contact section of the transfer member 48 to snap down from its contacting relationship with the photoreceptor 50 and into a linear relationship with the end portions of the transfer member 48 associated with the stripper bar means 44 and the turn-around roller 43.
  • the turnaround roller assembly provides rapid positive displacement for the moving web-like transfer web 48 to overcome the electrostatic tacking force between it and the photoreceptor and remove it from its transfer condition where it is in physical engagement with the surface of the photoreceptor at the peripheral transfer portion thereof.
  • the motion of the web-like transfer member 48 in the direction indicated by the arrow C is stopped or alternatively, the motion of the web-like transfer member 48 may be stopped at a time subsequent to the energizing of the solenoid after a selected length of the transfer member has been displaced to properly complete a border area on the transfer member for the image transferred.
  • the corotron 34 remains in its energized condition as it does whenever the selective electrophotographic apparatus in which it is operating is in an energized condition.
  • a signal for starting the motion of the web-like transfer member 48 is supplied to the winding and reeling apparatus therefor and after a time interval (for instance 10 ms), which is sufficient for the web-like transfer member 48 to come to speed has elapsed, a signal to deenergize the solenoid is provided. Circuitry for accomplishing each of these functions is described in U.S. application Ser. No. 22l,229, supra.
  • the solenoid is deenergized, the armature 52 releases whereby the upwardly extending flange portion 47 of base member is driven to its full upward position on shaft 55 due to the action of spring means 56.
  • FIG. 4C the physical contact between the weblike transfer member 48 and the photoreceptor 50 has been illustrated as occurring along an arc of contact.
  • This relationship is achieved by making the stroke displacement of flange portion 47 on shaft 55 longer than the vertical displacement to which the contacting portion of the web-like transfer member is capable due to the location of the photoreceptor.
  • initial contact between the web-like transfer member 48 and the toner image is established at some instant before the flange portion 47 is fully displaced and is considered advantageous because the critical initial contact between the web-like transfer member 48 and the toner image is established in a somewhat shorter interval than the full time of displacement of flange portion 47 along shaft 55.
  • transfer time is enhanced as the initial portion of the transfer cycle takes place along the area associated with the are rather than the line which would be associated with point contact while an initial arc of contact also serves to help compensate for any flutter in the web.
  • initial contact between the web-like transfer member 48 and the toner image 518 is illustrated as occurring along an arc in FIG. 4C, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art, that initial contact may also be established at a point of tangency without violating the tenets of the present invention.
  • 4A-4C allows a continuously operating corotron to be employed at a transfer station wherein toner images are selectively transferred to a web; however, as initial contact between the transfer web and the toner image is established before such continuously operating corotron can achieve air gap ionization, the transfer mechanism will not be defeated by charge transfer between the charged transfer web and the toner image.
  • this invention has been disclosed in association with selective printing apparatus wherein toner images of generally small dimension are transferred to a web or strip because it is this type of relationship wherein the problem of air gap ionization due to the presence of a continuously operating corotron could not be practically avoided by the prior art.
  • electrophotographic apparatus including a pho toreceptor, means for forming electrostatic images on said photoreceptor and means for providing each electrostatic image formed at a transfer station where selective transfer of said electrostatic images to transfer member means may occur, the improvement in said electrophotographic apparatus comprising:
  • ion charging means disposed at a location opposite to said transfer station
  • said means for placing said transfer member means in a transfer relationship with said photoreceptor includes means for selectively displacing said transfer member means from said transfer relationship with said photoreceptor to a position intermediate said photoreceptor and said ion charging means.
  • said means for selectively placing said transfer means in a transfer relationship with said photoreceptor comprises transfer member feeder assembly means having first and second positions, said transfer member feeder assembly means when in one of said first and second positions being arranged to place transfer member means from said means for feeding transfer member means in a transfer relationship with said photoreceptor and being arranged when in another of said first and second positions to place transfer member means from said means for feeding transfer member means in said position intermediate said photoreceptor and said ion charging means 4.
  • the improved electrophotographic apparatus additionally comprising means for selectively displacing said feeder assembly means from said first position to said second position and conversely for selectively displacing said feeder assembly means from said second position to said first position, said means for selectively displacing said feeder assembly means accomplishing the displacement of said feeder assembly means from said another of said first and second positions to said one of said first and second positions within a time interval which is less than that required by said ion charging means, when energized, to cause ionization of a gap between said photoreceptor and said transfer member means being placed in a transfer relationship therewith.
  • said means for selectively placing said transfer means in a transfer relationship with said photoreceptor comprises transfer member feeder assembly means having first and second positions, said transfer member feeder assembly means when in one of said first and second positions being arranged to place transfer member means from said means for feeding transfer member means in a transfer relationship with said photoreceptor and being arranged when in another of said first and second positions to place transfer member means from said means for feeding transfer member means in said position intermediate said photoreceptor and said ion charging means.
  • the improved electrophotographic apparatus additionally comprising means for selectively displacing said feeder assembly means from said first position to said second position and conversely for selectively displacing said feeder assembly means from said second position to said first position, said means for selectively displacing said feeder assembly means accomplishing the displacement of said feeder assembly means from said another of said first and second positions to said one of said first and second positions within a time interval which is less than that required by said ion charging means, when energized, to cause ionization of a gap between said photoreceptor and said transfer member means being placed in a transfer relationship therewith.
  • said feeder assembly means includes a base member from which said feeder assembly means is displaceable to said first and second position and wherein said means for selectively displacing said feeder assembly means comprises solenoid means having an armature and means for biasing said feeder assembly means in said one of said first and second positions, said armature of said solenoid means and said means for biasing said feeder assembly means being mechanically coupled to said base member from which said feeder assembly means is displaceable, said armature of said solenoid means being operative when said solenoid means is in a first state to overcome said means for biasing and place said feeder assembly means in said another of said first and second positions and said means for biasing being operative when said solenoid means is in a second state to place said feeder assembly means in said one of said first and second positions within a time interval which is less than that required by said ion charging means, when energized, to cause ionization of a gap between said photoreceptor and said transfer means being placed in a transfer
  • said feeder assembly means includes a rotatable guide means, said rotatable guide means and said base member being fixedly positioned with respect to each other and pivotable about an axis which is parallel to a surface of said photoreceptor at said transfer station, said means for selectively displacing said feeder assembly means acting to pivot said base member and said rotatable guide means about said axis to displace said feeder assembly means to said first and second positions.
  • said feeder assembly means includes stripper bar means fixedly positioned with respect to said base member and said rotatable guide means and pivotable about said axis therewith, said rotatable guide means being positioned intermediate said axis and said stripper bar means and further positioned to receive transfer member means from said means for feeding transfer member means and to guide said transfer member means with respect to said transfer station in accordance with the first and second positions of said feeder assembly means.
  • said stripper bar means thereby being displaced a greater distance than said rotatable guide means when said feeder assembly means is displaced between said first and second positions and being positioned to engage said transfer member means when said feeder assembly means is selectively displaced from said one of said first and second positions to said another of said first and second positions.
  • said means for biasing said feeder assembly means in said one of said first and second positions includes means for defining the location of said feeder assembly means when said feeder assembly means is in said one of said first and second posimeans.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Charge, Transfer And Separation In Electrography (AREA)
  • Combination Of More Than One Step In Electrophotography (AREA)
US221230A 1972-01-27 1972-01-27 Toner image transfer apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3914042A (en)

Priority Applications (12)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE794567D BE794567A (fr) 1972-01-27 Procedes perfectionnes de transfert d'images electrostatiques et appareils de mise en oeuvre de ces procedes
US221230A US3914042A (en) 1972-01-27 1972-01-27 Toner image transfer apparatus
CA156,785A CA976418A (en) 1972-01-27 1972-11-17 Toner image transfer methods and apparatus therefor
DE2301318A DE2301318B2 (de) 1972-01-27 1973-01-11 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Übertragen eines auswählbaren Tonerbildes aus einer Mehrzahl von Tonerbildern auf ein Bildempfangsmaterial
CH58873A CH551031A (de) 1972-01-27 1973-01-16 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum selektiven uebertragen von auf einer photoleitenden schicht angeordneten elektrostatischen bildern auf ein traegerelement.
JP821873A JPS5330494B2 (pt) 1972-01-27 1973-01-18
NL7301121A NL7301121A (pt) 1972-01-27 1973-01-25
BR73578A BR7300578D0 (pt) 1972-01-27 1973-01-25 Aparelho eletrofotografico
GB379373A GB1420281A (en) 1972-01-27 1973-01-25 Toner image transfer methods and apparatus thereofr process and apparatus for electrical discharge shaping
IT19610/73A IT978467B (it) 1972-01-27 1973-01-25 Apparecchiatura elettrofotogra fica per il trasferimento di im magini di tonatore e procedimen to ad essa relativo
FR7302884A FR2169350B1 (pt) 1972-01-27 1973-01-26
US345385A US3870541A (en) 1972-01-27 1973-03-27 Selective transfer of an electrostatic toner image

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US221230A US3914042A (en) 1972-01-27 1972-01-27 Toner image transfer apparatus

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US3914042A true US3914042A (en) 1975-10-21

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US221230A Expired - Lifetime US3914042A (en) 1972-01-27 1972-01-27 Toner image transfer apparatus

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US (1) US3914042A (pt)
JP (1) JPS5330494B2 (pt)
BE (1) BE794567A (pt)
BR (1) BR7300578D0 (pt)
CA (1) CA976418A (pt)
CH (1) CH551031A (pt)
DE (1) DE2301318B2 (pt)
FR (1) FR2169350B1 (pt)
GB (1) GB1420281A (pt)
IT (1) IT978467B (pt)
NL (1) NL7301121A (pt)

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US4131358A (en) * 1976-08-12 1978-12-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Device for moving a path of a moving data carrier toward and away from a surface area of a sub-carrier
US4392738A (en) * 1978-11-10 1983-07-12 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Image transfer device
US4746950A (en) * 1985-01-09 1988-05-24 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Color copier
US4839697A (en) * 1987-06-01 1989-06-13 Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha Image forming apparatus

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JPS50123432A (pt) * 1974-03-15 1975-09-27
JPS515024A (en) * 1974-06-29 1976-01-16 Fujitsu Ltd Johozono tenshasochi
DE2611503C2 (de) * 1975-04-28 1986-09-04 Xerox Corp., Rochester, N.Y. Elektrostatisches Kopiergerät
JPS52164532U (pt) * 1976-06-07 1977-12-13
JPS538146A (en) * 1976-07-12 1978-01-25 Canon Inc Transfer mechanism
JPS5317340A (en) * 1976-07-30 1978-02-17 Canon Inc Recording device
JPS5322746A (en) * 1976-08-16 1978-03-02 Hitachi Ltd Toner image transfer u nit
JPS5423543A (en) * 1977-07-22 1979-02-22 Canon Inc Image former
JPS5581374A (en) * 1978-12-01 1980-06-19 Fujitsu Ltd Transfer system
JPS55103369U (pt) * 1979-01-16 1980-07-18
DE2903265C3 (de) * 1979-01-29 1981-12-24 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Vorrichtung zum Transport eines Bildempfangsmaterials durch eine Bildübertragungsstation und zum An-/bzw. Abschwenken des Bildempfangsmaterials an bzw. von einem Zwischenbildträger in der Bildübertragungsstation eines Kopiergerätes oder nichtmechanischen Aufzeichnungsgerätes
JPS55123572U (pt) * 1979-02-26 1980-09-02
JPS55126676A (en) * 1979-03-23 1980-09-30 Kanichirou Tani Crime prevention chain
JPS5921406Y2 (ja) * 1981-01-21 1984-06-23 富士通株式会社 情報像の転写装置
JPH0122061Y2 (pt) * 1981-03-20 1989-06-29

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US3598580A (en) * 1967-10-16 1971-08-10 Addressograph Multigraph Photoelectrostatic copying process employing organic photoconductors
US3622238A (en) * 1969-05-14 1971-11-23 Xerox Corp Copier machine feeding multiple size copy sheets
US3661453A (en) * 1970-06-22 1972-05-09 Xerox Corp Electrostatic label printer

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US3598580A (en) * 1967-10-16 1971-08-10 Addressograph Multigraph Photoelectrostatic copying process employing organic photoconductors
US3622238A (en) * 1969-05-14 1971-11-23 Xerox Corp Copier machine feeding multiple size copy sheets
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Cited By (4)

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US4131358A (en) * 1976-08-12 1978-12-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Device for moving a path of a moving data carrier toward and away from a surface area of a sub-carrier
US4392738A (en) * 1978-11-10 1983-07-12 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Image transfer device
US4746950A (en) * 1985-01-09 1988-05-24 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Color copier
US4839697A (en) * 1987-06-01 1989-06-13 Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha Image forming apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR7300578D0 (pt) 1973-09-20
CH551031A (de) 1974-06-28
FR2169350B1 (pt) 1976-09-10
BE794567A (fr) 1973-07-26
IT978467B (it) 1974-09-20
DE2301318B2 (de) 1978-10-12
CA976418A (en) 1975-10-21
FR2169350A1 (pt) 1973-09-07
NL7301121A (pt) 1973-04-25
GB1420281A (en) 1976-01-07
JPS5330494B2 (pt) 1978-08-28
JPS4887841A (pt) 1973-11-17
DE2301318A1 (de) 1973-08-02

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