US3912616A - Metal anode assembly - Google Patents

Metal anode assembly Download PDF

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Publication number
US3912616A
US3912616A US365788A US36578873A US3912616A US 3912616 A US3912616 A US 3912616A US 365788 A US365788 A US 365788A US 36578873 A US36578873 A US 36578873A US 3912616 A US3912616 A US 3912616A
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Prior art keywords
foraminous
metal
secured
anodic surface
legs
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Expired - Lifetime
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US365788A
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English (en)
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James M Ford
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Olin Corp
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Olin Corp
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Publication date
Application filed by Olin Corp filed Critical Olin Corp
Priority to US365788A priority Critical patent/US3912616A/en
Priority to ZA00742145A priority patent/ZA742145B/xx
Priority to GB1475074A priority patent/GB1407186A/en
Priority to CA196,818A priority patent/CA1034534A/en
Priority to NO741435A priority patent/NO140072C/no
Priority to YU01208/74A priority patent/YU120874A/xx
Priority to TR18154A priority patent/TR18154A/xx
Priority to AU69243/74A priority patent/AU478442B2/en
Priority to BR4196/74A priority patent/BR7404196D0/pt
Priority to DE19742426098 priority patent/DE2426098A1/de
Priority to FR7418855A priority patent/FR2231428B1/fr
Priority to BE144980A priority patent/BE815809A/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3912616A publication Critical patent/US3912616A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
    • C25B11/03—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form perforated or foraminous

Definitions

  • each leg Secured to the bottom of each leg is a bandolier comprised of a foraminous anodic surface [56] References Cited secured at two of its opposite edges to one of two metal strips, each metal strip being secured to one of UNITED STATES PATENTS the legs of the distributor plate. Securing the forami- 3,297,561 l/l967 Harrison et al 204/250 obviously anodic surface to the distributor plate as a 3,404,081 10/1968 Cummings et al.
  • This invention relates to an improved metal anode assembly. More particularly it relates to a metal anode assembly which permits easy removal of the foraminous anodic surface component of the metal anode assembly to facilitate reprocessing of the anode surface without the need for packing and shipping the entire anode assembly.
  • these metal anode designs include a distributor having at least one anode post secured to the top thereof for supplying an electrolytic current to the distributor.
  • the distributor is generally in the form of an inverted channel having a web with two legs extending downwardly therefrom.
  • a foraminous anodic surface is secured to the bottom of the two legs of the distributor in electric contact with each of the legs and spaced apart from the distributor surface.
  • the foraminous anodic surface is generally a resistant metal base such as titanium, niobium, tantalum or zirconium, which is coated with at least one oxide of a platinum metal such as ruthenium, platinum, iridium, rhodium and osmium and mixtures thereof.
  • a platinum metal such as ruthenium, platinum, iridium, rhodium and osmium and mixtures thereof.
  • Materials of construction useful as a base metal and as an oxide coating are described by Henri Bernard Beer in U.S. Pat. No. 3,236,756, issued Feb. 22, 1966, U.S. Pat. No. 3,265,526, issued Aug. 19, 1966, U.S. Pat. No. 3,632,498, issued Jan. 4, 1972 and U.S. Pat. No. 3,711,385, issued Jan. 16, 1973.
  • metal anodes of this type are generally more stable under electrolytic conditions than conventional graphite anodes, the effective oxide coating on the foraminous anodic surface degrades after extended operation and it becomes necessary to remove the anode from the cell and recoat the foraminous anodic surface with a metallic oxide or mixture thereof.
  • the facility for recoating the metal anodes' is located at a different location than the electrolytic cell facility. It then becomes necessary to package and ship the inactivated metal anode requiring recoating to the coating facility, and after recoating the anode must be repacked and reshipped to the electrolytic cell facility.
  • Still another object of the invention is to provide a novel metal anode assembly which facilitates recoating of the foraminous anodic surface without the need for shipping the entire anode assembly to the recoating facility.
  • a metal anode comprised of a distributor having at least one anode post secured to the top thereof and having a web with a leg extending from each of two opposite sides thereof and a bandolier containing a foraminous anodic surface secured in electric contact with the bottom of each leg.
  • the bandolier is comprised of a foraminous anodic surface with two metal strips secured at each edge of opposite sides of the foraminous anodic surface, and the top of each metal strip is secured to the bottom of each leg of the distributor.
  • a flange is secured to the end of each leg, the bottom of each flange being substantially coplanar.
  • the bandolier is secured to the bottom of each flange.
  • the foraminous anodic surface, which is in electric contact with each of said legs is a base metal coated with at least one oxide of a platinum group metal such as described in one of the above-mentioned Beer patents.
  • FIG. 1 shows a sectional elevation view of the novel metal anode assembly of this invention through plane l1 of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 2 shows a partial sectional bottom view of the novel metal anode of this invention wherein the foraminous anodic surface is a series of parallel metal rods.
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional elevational view of another embodiment of the invention wherein the bandolier is secured directly to the legs of the distributor.
  • metal anode assembly 1 is comprised of an anode post 10 a distributor 11 which is comprised of web 12 having a top, a bottom and two opposite sides, anode post 10 being secured to and being substantially perpendicular to the top of web 12.
  • Web 12 also has legs 13 and 14 secured at opposite sides of web 12, and extending downwardly therefrom.
  • legs 13 and 14 are generally perpendicular to web 12, this is not an essential configuration of distributor 11.
  • legs 13 and 14 may slope away from each other, for example, at an angle from about 0 to about the angle being formed by the intersection of a plane passing parallel to the leg with a plane passing longitudinally through .the central axis of anode post 10.
  • legs 13 and 14 may slope toward each other at an angle of from about 0 to about 5, the angle being formed by the intersection of a plane passing parallel to the leg with a plane extending longitudinally through the central axis of anode post 10.
  • flanges l5 and 16 there are secured to the end of legs 13 and 14 and extending outwardly therefrom flanges l5 and 16 respectively, which are substantially parallel to the bottom of web 12.
  • Flange bottom 17 and flange bottom 18 which are the bottoms of flange 15 and 16, respectively, are substantially coplaner.
  • bandolier strip 19 and 20 Secured to flange bottom 17 is the top of bandolier strip 19 and secured to flange bottom 18 is the top of bandolier strip 20.
  • Bandolier strips 19 and 20 are each secured to the flange bottoms 17 and 18 by filet welds 21 and 22, respectively, or another conventional current conducting technique such as spot welding, bolting, clamping or the like.
  • Bandolier strips 19 and 20 as well as distributor 11 are constructed of a film forming metal such as titanium or other metal or alloy which resists corrosion when submerged in the brine, and which permits welding of the bandolier strips 19 and 20 to distributor 11 as well as foraminous anodic surface 23.
  • Foraminous anodic surface 23 is secured by welds 24 and 25 to the bottom of bandolier strips 19 and 20, respectively.
  • formaninous anodic surface 23 is a series of parallel spaced-apart metal rods 26.
  • the rods may be round, flattened or rectangular.
  • foraminous anodic surface 23 may be in the form of a perforated plate, screen or grid, expanded metal or the like. Openings in the foraminous anodic surface generally comprise from about 25 to about 70 percent and preferably from about 40 to about 60 percent of the foraminous anodic surface 23.
  • Metal bandolier strips 19 and 20 are positioned substantially parallel to each other and are secured to foraminous anodic surface 23 on the same side thereof, one of the bandolier strips 19 and 20 being secured to each of two opposite ends, respectively, of the foraminous anodic surface.
  • the top of one metal bandolier strips 19 extends continuously throughout the length of one of the legs 13 or flanges l and is secured thereto.
  • the top of the other metal bandolier strip 20 extends continuously throughout the length of the other leg 14 or flange 16 and is secured thereto on the opposite end of web 12.
  • the means for securing the metal strips 19 and 20 to legs 13 and 14 or flanges and 16, respectively, is accessable from the exterior of the metal strips 19 and 20, legs 13 and 14 and flanges 15 and 16 in order to simplify separation and reinstallation of the foraminous anodic surface.
  • Web 12 is provided with a series of openings 27 to permit the release of chlorine gas which forms during electrolysis on formaninous anodic surface 23, through web 12 to the top of the electrolytic cell for collection.
  • Formaninous anodic surface 23 is coated with at least one oxide of a platinum metal (not shown) and preferably with a mixture of metal oxides, for example, as described in the above-identified Beer patents.
  • the preferred coating of oxides is one which includes, ruthenium oxide, but any convenient mixture of oxides may be employed.
  • suitable metal oxides include platinum oxide, ruthenium oxide, iridium oxide, rhodium oxide, palladium oxide and osmium oxide.
  • FIG. 2 is a partial sectional bottom view of the metal anode assembly 1 of FIG. 1 wherein formaninous anodic surface 23 is a series of parallel metal rods 26 secured at each end to bandolier strips 19 and by welds 24 and 25, respectively.
  • a series of gas openings 27 are provided in web 12 to permit the release of chlorine gas through the web and up to the top of the cell (not shown) for collection by conventional techniques.
  • Bandolier strip 19 and bandolier strip 20 are each secured at the top to flange bottom 17 and flange bottom 18, respectively, by means of filet welds (not shown), but as pointed out above, securing of the bandolier strips to the flange bottoms may be effected by an suitable electroconductive technique.
  • Anode posts 10 are secured to the top of web 12 by friction welding or other convenient techniques.
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional elevation view of another embodiment of the invention wherein bandolier strips 19 and 20 are secured directly to legs 13 and 14 of distributor 11.
  • flanges 15 and 16 are omitted and legs 13 and 14 are welded by means of filet welds 21 and 22, respectively, to the top of bandolier strips 19 and 20, respectively.
  • foraminous anodic surface 23 extends beyond bandolier strips 19 and 20.
  • the distance from the outside edge of bandolier strip 19 to the outside edge of bandolier strip 20 is less than the distance from outside edge 28 of foraminous anodic surface 23 to the opposite outside edge 29.
  • the width of foraminous anodic surface 23 (the distance between outside edges 28 and 29) generally ranges from about to about 300 percent and preferably from about 100 to about 200 percent of the distance between the outside edges of bandolier strips 19 and 20. When these distances are equal, the design is especially suitable for handling, packaging and shipping since the edges of foraminous anodic surface 23 are stiffened by bandolier strips 19 and 20 to resist bending, breaking and warping. Increasing the width of foraminous anodic surface 23 beyond the extremities of bandolier strips 19 and 20, as shown in FIG. 3, may diminish the suitability of the bandolier for shipping, but frequently improved current distribution of the foraminous anodic surface 23 may be obtained with a design of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3.
  • stiffening members 30 and 31 are secured by welding (not shown) or otherwise to the top of each outer edge 28 and 29, respectively, of foraminous anodic surface 23.
  • Stiffening members 30 and 31 are preferably positioned parallel to bandolier strips 19 and 20, and preferably extend throughout the entire length of each outer edge 28 and 29 of the foraminous anodic surface. Positioning stiffening members 30 and 31 on the bottom of foraminous anodic surface 23 is undesirable since contact of these metal strips with the cathode may cause short circuiting of the cell.
  • Stiffening members 30 and 31 are shown in FIG. 3 as rectangular rods, but any other suitable form, such as L-shaped and U- shaped channels, wire rods, either round or square, or the like, may be used.
  • Stiffening members 30 and 31 are preferably constructed of the same material as bandolier strips 19 and 20.
  • the extended foraminous anodic surface 23 having a width wider than extremities of bandolier strips 19 and 20 may also be used in the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • stiffening members 30 and 31. may also be utilized in the embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 2 when foraminous anodic surface 23 is extended beyond the extremities of bandolier strips 19 and 20.
  • US. Pat. No. 3,676,325, which issued July 11, 1972 to Smith et al. also describes typical anode structures and materials of construction which can be utilized in combination with the novel anode assembly of this invention. Accordingly, US Pat. No. 3,676,325 is incorporated herein by reference in its entirely.
  • the anode post described therein which employs a titanium sleeve secured to the top of the distributor and surrounding an aluminum rod which is friction welded to the top of the distributor as a current lead-in, is preferably used as the anode post of this invention.
  • the novel anode assembly of this invention is very stable and resists warping due to the metal strips of the bandolier in conjunction with the channel construction of the distributor. As a result, consistent control of the gap between the anode and molten mercury cathode can be maintained without undesirable short circuits caused by one section of the foraminous anodic surface being lower than another. In addition, when the foraminous anodic surface does not extend past the metal strips of the bandolier, there is relatively little deformation of the ends of the metal rods or other type of anodic surface.
  • the anode assembly of this invention When it has been determined that the foraminous anodic surface of the anodic assembly of this invention requires recoating or other reprocessing due to distortion of the surface because of mishandling or otherwise, the anode assembly is removed from the cell.
  • the need for replacement of the foraminous anodic surface can be determined by observing increased resistance to the passage of electrical current in operations or by standard measurements of the coating remaining.
  • the bandolier is separated from the remainder of the anode assembly by planing or milling, or the like. A new bandolier is secured to the anode assembly and the cell is placed back in operation with a minimum of down time. The damaged or ineffective bandolier is then shipped for reprocessing and when placed in operating condition, is stored for use when another bandolier must be replaced.
  • EXAMPLE 1 Fifty metal anodes were constructed for use in a mercury amalgam electrolytic cell for the production of chlorine. Dimensions of the electrolytic cell were about 42 feet long, 4.5 feet wide and 1 foot high. Each of the metal anodes were comprised of two anode posts secured to a distributor, with a bandolier-type anodic surface secured to the distributor.
  • Each anode post was comprised of an upper rod made of copper having a diameter of about 1% inch and a height of about 4%inches. This copper rod was friction welded to an aluminum rod having a diameter of 1%inch. The bottom of the aluminum rod was friction welded to the top of a distributor plate. Surrounding the aluminum-copper post was a titanium sleeve which was also friction welded at one end to the top of the distributor. The titanium sleeve had a height of about 10.35 inches and an outside diameter of about 2 inches.
  • the distributor was an inverted channel having a web with an inside width between legs of about 7%. Legs extending downwardly from each side of the web were substantially parallel and had a height of about 1 inch. Extending outwardly from the end of each leg, and parallel to the web was a flange of about k inch in width.
  • each flange on each set of channel legs were machined to be coplanar with each other for the length of each flange bottom.
  • Each bandolier was comprised of a series of parallel, spaced-apart rods which were secured on one end by welding to one of two bandolier strips which were spaced parallel to each other at the ends of the rods.
  • Each rod had a titanium core and was coated with an oxide coating containing ruthenium oxide.
  • Each rod had a length of about 9% inches and a diameter of about 0.118 inch.
  • Approximately 260 rods were spaced equidistant from each other along the length of the bandolier strips, which were approximately 4 feet long.
  • Each bandolier strip was constructed of titanium and had a width of 0.35 inch and a height of 0.15 inch.
  • the bandolier-type anode was secured to the distributor by filet welding the top of each bandolier strip to the bottom of one of the flanges secured to the channel legs.
  • Each metal anode had a surface area of 48 inches by 9 5/16 inches with an overall height of about 16% inches.
  • the height of the distributor and bandolier combined was approximately 1% inches.
  • the anode posts were positioned in the center of the top of the distributor, the centers of the post being approximately 12 inches from each end of the distributor.
  • Operation of the cell began by flowing mercury and salt brine through the cell, with conventional recovery techniques for chlorine, amalgam and brine regeneration.
  • the cell was operated at 4.3 volts, with a voltage coefficient of about 0.12. After an extended period of operation, these metal anodes were removed from the cell, the bandolier and rods were separated from the bottom of the flanges by planing off the filet welds. Recoated anode bandoliers were secured by filet welding to the flanges to replace the inactive bandoliers and the metal anodes and electrolytic cells were placed back into service. The inactive anode bandoliers that were removed were packed and shipped for recoating, thereby resulting in a minimum of down time for the cell.
  • EXAMPLE 2 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated using metal anodes of a similar design, except that the rods had a diameter of about 0.1 15 inch and approximately 300 rods were used to form the anodic surface.
  • EXAMPLE 3 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated with the exception that the rods were flattened on the top and bottom and had a thickness of about 0.10 inch. The space between the rods was about 0.05 inch, and approximately 260 rods were used to form the anodic surface.
  • EXAMPLE 4 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated with the exception that the rods had a length of about 9 inches and extended approximately 1.9 inches beyond the outside edge of each bandolier strip.
  • Example 1 The procedure of Example 1 may be repeated, using metal anodes similar to the design of those of Example 1 with the exception that the distributor does not have flanges at the end of each leg and the leg ends were secured by welding directly to the top of the bandolier strips.
  • Examples 2-5 the replacement of anodes was effected in the same manner as in Example 1. In Examples l-5 significant savings in shipping and handling costs were realized.
  • a metal anode assembly for use in a mercury cell having a distributor in the form of an inverted channel, said distributor being comprised of a. a web having a top, a bottom and two opposite sides,
  • said web having a leg extending downwardly from each of said two opposite sides, (I. a foraminous anodic surface in electric contact with each of said legs, whereby current is passed through said anode post across said web through said legs to said foraminous anodic surface, through a salt brine and liquid metal cathode below said foraminous anodic surface, to effect the generation of chlorine gas on said foraminous anodic surface, the improvement which comprises a bandolier secured in electric contact with said legs, said bandolier being comprised of 1. said foraminous anodic surface 2.
  • each of said legs has a flange secured to the end thereof and extending outwardly therefrom, the bottom of each flange being substantially coplaner, each flange being parallel to and spaced from the bottom of said web, the top of one of said metal strips being secured to the bottom of one of said flanges and the top of the said other metal strip being secured to the bottom of the other said flange.
  • each of said legs has a flange secured to the end thereof and extending outwardly therefrom, the bottom of each flange being substantially coplanar, each flange being parallel to and spaced from the bottom of said web, the top of one of said metal strips being secured to the bottom of one of said flanges and the top of the said other metal strip being secured to the bottom of the other said flange.
  • width of said foraminous anodic surface is from about to about 300 percent of the distance between the outside edges of said metal strips of said bandolier.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)
  • Primary Cells (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
US365788A 1973-05-31 1973-05-31 Metal anode assembly Expired - Lifetime US3912616A (en)

Priority Applications (12)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US365788A US3912616A (en) 1973-05-31 1973-05-31 Metal anode assembly
ZA00742145A ZA742145B (en) 1973-05-31 1974-04-03 Metal anode assembly
GB1475074A GB1407186A (en) 1973-05-31 1974-04-03 Metal anode assembly for electrolysis
CA196,818A CA1034534A (en) 1973-05-31 1974-04-04 Metal anode assembly
NO741435A NO140072C (no) 1973-05-31 1974-04-22 Metallanodekonstruksjon for en amalgamcelle
YU01208/74A YU120874A (en) 1973-05-31 1974-04-30 Metal anode
TR18154A TR18154A (tr) 1973-05-31 1974-05-03 Metal anod tertibati
AU69243/74A AU478442B2 (en) 1973-05-31 1974-05-22 Metal anode assembly
BR4196/74A BR7404196D0 (pt) 1973-05-31 1974-05-23 Aperfeicoamento em conjunto de anodo de metal
DE19742426098 DE2426098A1 (de) 1973-05-31 1974-05-30 Metallanodenanordnung
FR7418855A FR2231428B1 (xx) 1973-05-31 1974-05-30
BE144980A BE815809A (fr) 1973-05-31 1974-05-31 Assemblage d'anode metallique

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US365788A US3912616A (en) 1973-05-31 1973-05-31 Metal anode assembly

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US3912616A true US3912616A (en) 1975-10-14

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US365788A Expired - Lifetime US3912616A (en) 1973-05-31 1973-05-31 Metal anode assembly

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US (1) US3912616A (xx)
BE (1) BE815809A (xx)
BR (1) BR7404196D0 (xx)
CA (1) CA1034534A (xx)
DE (1) DE2426098A1 (xx)
FR (1) FR2231428B1 (xx)
GB (1) GB1407186A (xx)
NO (1) NO140072C (xx)
TR (1) TR18154A (xx)
YU (1) YU120874A (xx)
ZA (1) ZA742145B (xx)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3981788A (en) * 1974-08-23 1976-09-21 Kureha Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Caustic alkali producing multiple vertical diaphragm type electrolytic cell admitting of easy assembly
US4045323A (en) * 1976-11-05 1977-08-30 Basf Wyandotte Corporation Anolyte sealing, electrical insulating for electrolytic cells
US4088558A (en) * 1976-09-22 1978-05-09 Heraeus Elektroden Gmbh Method of renewing electrodes
US4323438A (en) * 1979-04-10 1982-04-06 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Anode for alkali metal chloride electrolysis
US4370215A (en) * 1981-01-29 1983-01-25 The Dow Chemical Company Renewable electrode assembly

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2949495C2 (de) * 1979-12-08 1983-05-11 Heraeus-Elektroden Gmbh, 6450 Hanau Elektrode für Elektrolysezellen

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3297561A (en) * 1961-05-08 1967-01-10 Ici Ltd Anode and supporting structure therefor
US3404081A (en) * 1965-08-09 1968-10-01 Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp Electrolytic reduction cell having detachably supported electrodes
US3515661A (en) * 1965-11-04 1970-06-02 Murgatroyd S Salt & Chem Co Lt Electrolytic cells having detachable anodes secured to current distributors
US3671415A (en) * 1969-09-02 1972-06-20 Ici Ltd Continuous lead-in core for an electrode assembly
US3676325A (en) * 1969-06-27 1972-07-11 Ici Ltd Anode assembly for electrolytic cells
US3725223A (en) * 1971-01-18 1973-04-03 Electronor Corp Baffles for dimensionally stable metal anodes and methods of using same
US3759815A (en) * 1970-11-26 1973-09-18 Kema Nord Ab Electrode assembly

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3297561A (en) * 1961-05-08 1967-01-10 Ici Ltd Anode and supporting structure therefor
US3404081A (en) * 1965-08-09 1968-10-01 Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp Electrolytic reduction cell having detachably supported electrodes
US3515661A (en) * 1965-11-04 1970-06-02 Murgatroyd S Salt & Chem Co Lt Electrolytic cells having detachable anodes secured to current distributors
US3676325A (en) * 1969-06-27 1972-07-11 Ici Ltd Anode assembly for electrolytic cells
US3671415A (en) * 1969-09-02 1972-06-20 Ici Ltd Continuous lead-in core for an electrode assembly
US3759815A (en) * 1970-11-26 1973-09-18 Kema Nord Ab Electrode assembly
US3725223A (en) * 1971-01-18 1973-04-03 Electronor Corp Baffles for dimensionally stable metal anodes and methods of using same

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3981788A (en) * 1974-08-23 1976-09-21 Kureha Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Caustic alkali producing multiple vertical diaphragm type electrolytic cell admitting of easy assembly
US4088558A (en) * 1976-09-22 1978-05-09 Heraeus Elektroden Gmbh Method of renewing electrodes
US4045323A (en) * 1976-11-05 1977-08-30 Basf Wyandotte Corporation Anolyte sealing, electrical insulating for electrolytic cells
US4323438A (en) * 1979-04-10 1982-04-06 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Anode for alkali metal chloride electrolysis
US4370215A (en) * 1981-01-29 1983-01-25 The Dow Chemical Company Renewable electrode assembly

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Publication number Publication date
BR7404196D0 (pt) 1975-09-30
NO741435L (no) 1974-12-03
YU120874A (en) 1982-05-31
NO140072B (no) 1979-03-19
NO140072C (no) 1979-06-27
FR2231428A1 (xx) 1974-12-27
FR2231428B1 (xx) 1980-01-04
GB1407186A (en) 1975-09-24
ZA742145B (en) 1975-04-30
AU6924374A (en) 1975-11-27
TR18154A (tr) 1976-10-11
CA1034534A (en) 1978-07-11
BE815809A (fr) 1974-12-02
DE2426098A1 (de) 1974-12-19

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