US3909530A

US3909530A - Loudspeaker with shallow re-entrant grille-like horn

Info

Publication number: US3909530A
Application number: US431136A
Authority: US
Inventors: Earl W Gosswiller
Original assignee: Federal Sign and Signal Corp
Current assignee: Federal Sign and Signal Corp
Priority date: 1974-01-07
Filing date: 1974-01-07
Publication date: 1975-09-30
Anticipated expiration: 1992-09-30
Also published as: CA1009579A

Abstract

A re-entrant type horn loudspeaker having a pair of shallow baffle members arranged in closely-spaced parallel relation in front of a diaphragm, the baffle members having complementary staggered openings and deflector or baffle elements causing sound waves projected from the diaphragm to traverse a re-entry path so as to function as a very short rapidly flaring re-entry horn.

Description

United States Patent Gosswiller 1 1 Sept. 30, 1975 154] LOUDSPEAKER WITH SHALLOW 3,073,916 1/1963 Williams 8181. 179/181 R RE-ENTRANT GRILLE-LIKE HORN FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS [75] Inventor: Earl W. Gosswiller, Clarendon Hills, 849,253 7/1952 Germany .1 181/31 A [1], 425,186 3/1935 United Kingdom.. 181/31 R 541,145 3/1956 Belgium 181/31 A 1 Asslgneei gederalilgn i 829,445 6/1938 France 181/31 A orpora ion, icago,

OTHER PUBLICATIONS [22] Fled: Z1974 Audio Engineering, Ground Loudspeakers, David [21] Appl. No; 431,136 Scott, October 1949, pp. 18 and 19.

Primary Examiner-Kathleen H. Claffy [52] U.S. Cl 179/1 E, l1881l/ll5996.ll881l/l17954, Assistant E aminer Georgc G Stellar [51] Int Cl 2 H04R ll/oz Attorney, Agent, or FirmCharles F. Pigott, Jr. [58] Field of Search 179/1 E, 115.5 H; 181/143, AB A T 181/148,]52, l55,l56,159,175,176,177, [571 STR C 185 186, 187 188, 189 190, 191, 192, 194, A re-entrant type horn loudspeaker having a pa1r of s a ow a e mem ers arrange 1n cose y-s ace parallel relation in front of a diaphragm, the baffle [56] References Cited meimnefqs ltiaving bctz gipkimentziry staggered oaenings an e co or or a e e emen s causing soun waves UNITED STATES PATENTS projected from the diaphragm to traverse a re-cntry if path so as to function as a very short rapidly flaring utc 1son.... 2,135,840 11/1938 Pfister i 181/177 re entry horn 2,146,325 2/1939 Allison 181/194 6 Claims, 8 Drawing Figures US. Patsm Sept. 30,1975 shw 1 of 2 U.S., Patent Sept. 30,1975 Sheet 2 of2 3,909,530

LOUDSPEAKER WITH SHALLOW RE-ENTRANT GRILLE-LIKE HORN BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Re-entrant type loudspeakers are commonly used in certain types of applications where it is important to provide high resistance to moisture, heat and deterioration due to aging. Such horns are also utilized in applications where it is important to protect the loudspeaker diaphragm against direct entrance of foreign objects such as rods or wires or the like which could cause damage to the diaphragm.

It is known to provide a loudspeaker having a phenolic diaphragm which will afford satisfactory resistance to moisture and heat, and such diaphragms are commonly used in re-entrant type horn loudspeakers. Such re-entrant type loudspeakers generally employ compression type drivers which are coupled to folded exponential horns. Due to the physical construction of a folded exponential horn, it will guard the diaphragm against damage caused by entry of foreign objects and the like.

Because of the abovementioned advantages of known re-entrant type folded exponential horns, various fire codes and the like specify that loudspeakers must comprise high grade re-entrant horns. However, such horn loudspeakers are usually quite large for the reason that the lowest frequency the horn can transmit efficiently is a function of the expansion rate of the horn and the mouth size. Consequently, a relatively large horn is required in order to transmit low frequency signals.

Due to their size, conventional re-entrant loudspeakers with folded exponential horns are difficult to mount in a manner which is aesthetically and structurally attractive. Moreover, because of their size and high wattage. such loudspeakers are relatively expensive and thus not practical for use in fire alarm systems, particularly since their wattage and acoustic ratings are substantially beyond that required for most fire alarm applications.

It is therefore a general object of the present invention to provide an improved re-entrant type horn loudspeaker which is particularly well suited for use in fire alarm systems and affords substantially all of the advantages of a conventional re-entrant type horn loudspeaker while eliminating the usual folded exponential horn and its inherent disadvantages.

A further object of my invention is to provide an improved horn loudspeaker which is small in size, relatively inexpensive and adapted for a wide variety of architecturally and aesthetically attractive mounting arrangements.

Still another of my objects is to provide a loudspeaker including a very short, rapidly flaring reentrant type horn which affords excellent efficiency and frequency response and produces an acoustic output at least equal to that of conventional fire alarm horns while providing numerous design and cost advantages over the latter.

A more specific object of my invention is to provide a re-entrant type horn loudspeaker as last abovementioned comprising a pair of relatively shallow baffle members arranged in closely-spaced parallel relation in front of a diaphragm member, the baffles being provided with complementary staggered openings and deflector or baffle elements which afford a re-entry type sound path and provide physical protection for the diaphragm without significantly impairing the acoustic output of the loudspeaker.

The foregoing and other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment thereof, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a front elevational view of a re-entrant type loudspeaker assembly constructed inaccordance with the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of the loudspeaker of FIG. 1, the loudspeaker housing and adjacent baffle member being shown in vertical section;

FIG. 3 is a rear elevational view of the loudspeaker of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a detail front elevational view of a baffle member which comprises a component of the loudspeaker assembly of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a rear elevational view of the baffle member of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a vertical sectional view taken substantially along the line 66 of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a schematic vertical sectional view of a speaker housing grille and a baffle member in combination with a diaphragm; and

FIG. 8 is a drawing comprising a developed expan sion profile representative of the equivalent diameter of the opening at various section l-ines indicated in FIG.

Now, in order to acquaint those skilled in the art with the manner of making and using my invention, I shall describe, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, a preferred embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Referring nowv to the drawings, and particularly to FIGS. 13, there is shown a horn loudspeaker assembly 10 having a speaker housing 12 including a front grille member 14, a baffle 16 positioned behind the speaker grille, a speaker frame 18 and a magnet assembly 20. The magnet assemby 20 (see FIG. 2) comprises a ringshaped magnet 22 positioned between

plates

24 and 26 which function as the poles of the magnet. A bracket 28 is mounted on the rear of the plate 26. A terminal strip 30 is fixedly positioned within the U-shaped bracket 28, and a transformer 32 is suspended from the underside of the bracket. The loudspeaker 10 further includes a diaphragm 34, best shown in FIGS. 7 and 8.

The diaphragm 34 is preferably made of a polyamidebased phenolic material which is self-extinguishing as well as moisture and heat resistant.

In assembling the components of the loudspeaker 10, the speaker frame or basket 18 and the various components which mount rearwardly thereof as shown in FIG. 2 are mounted together to form a speaker subassembly. The diaphragm 34 is mounted to the frame 18 so as to face forwardly therefrom, and it will be noted that the frame is provided with a plurality of openings 36 which render the diaphragm visible in the side elevational view of FIG. 2 and the rear elevational view of FIG. 3.

The speaker housing 12, which preferably comprises an aluminum die-casting, is formed with an annular ledge 38 immediately behind the front grille 14. The housing 12 is further provided with a space behind the grille 14 defined by an annular wall 40 having a diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the baffle member 16. It will thus be understood that in assembling the loudspeaker 10, the baffle member 16 is positioned within the recess or space defined by the annular wall so as to bear against the ledge 38. The abovedescribed subassembly including the speaker frame 18 and diaphragm 34 is then positioned within the outer wall 41 of the housing 12 with a front face plate 42 of the speaker frame disposed against an annular ledge 43 located at the rear of the annular wall 40. The speaker frame subassembly is then secured to the speaker housing 12 by four screws 44 (see FIG. 3) which extend through the front face plate 42 of the speaker frame into the speaker housing 12.

As best shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the front grille 14 of the speaker housing 12 comprises a front face plate 46 provided with a plurality of

openings

48, and 52. The openings are in the form of concentric circles interrupted by a pair of perpendicular rib members 54 and 56. The grille 14 further includes a pair of concentric annular deflector or baffle elements 58 and integral with the crossed rib members 54 and 56. The rib member 54 extends continuously from one corner of the face plate 46 to a diagonally opposite corner thereof, and the rib 54 is integral with the face plate as well as with each of the

annular deflectors

58 and 60. The second rib member 56 extends in a similar manner between the other two corners of the face plate 46. At the center of the grille 14 there is a third circular deflector or baffle 62 located at the intersection of the rib members 54 and 56.

It will be understood from the foregoing that there are provided the two

annular deflector members

58 and 60 interconnected to each other and the housing 12 by the ribs 54 and 56 and arranged concentrically relative to the front of the housing with the annular space 50 provided between the

deflectors

58 and 60 and the annular space 48 provided between the outer annular deflector 58 and an annular wall 64 which is flared so as to be generally conical in its configuration, the wall 64 being integral with the face plate 46. As noted above, each of the

annular openings

48, 50 and 52 is divided into four segments by the crossed rib members 54 and 56, with the small central deflector member 62 located at the intersection of the ribs.

Each of the annular deflector or

baffle elements

58 and 60 is convex as viewed from the front of the grille 14. As best shown in FIG. 2, each such annular deflector element is generally V-shaped in cross-sectional configuration. Moreover, the central deflector 62 comprises a cup-shaped member generally conical in its configuration.

Reference is now made to FIGS. 46 which illustrate the baffle member 16. The baffle 16 is a disc-shaped member having an outer wall 65 of a diameter slightly less than the diameter of the annularwall 40 in the speaker housing 12. The baffle 16 comprises three concentrically arranged annular deflector or

baffle elements

66, 68 and 70. The three deflector elements are interconnected by a pair ofcrossed

rib members

72 and 74. As best shown in FIG. 5, the rib 72 extends diametrically across the outer deflector or baffle element 66, and the rib 74 similarly extends diametrically across the baffle element 66 perpendicular to the first rib mem ber.

An opening 76 is provided between the annular deflector or

baffle elements

66 and 68, and a second opening 78 is provided between the

baffle elements

68 and 70. The

openings

76 and 78 are each annular but are divided into four segments by the

crossed rib members

72 and 74. A small round opening 80 is also formed at the center of the central deflector member The outer annular deflector or baffle element 66 is concave when viewed from the front as in FIG. 4. As best shown in FIG. 6, the annular deflector element 66 is generally \/-shaped in cross-sectional configuration. The annular deflector element 68 is similarly shaped and is concentrically located within the outer deflector element 66. The central deflector member is shaped similar to the

deflector elements

66 and 68 except that it is much smaller in diameter so that the radially inner wall 81 (see FIG. 6) is generally conical in configuration and the small opening is formed at the center or apex of the cone.

It is an important feature of the present invention that the grille 14 of the speaker housing 12 and the baffle member 16 are complementary to one another so that when combined in assembled relation as shown in FIG. 2 they function as a very short or shallow reentrant horn for the loudspeaker 10. The baffle 16 is designed so that the outer annular opening 76 in the baffle is aligned with the outer annular deflector element 58 on the grille I4, and the annular opening 78 in the baffle 16 is aligned with the annular deflector element 60 on the grille. It will of course also be noted that the central opening 80 in the baffle 16 is aligned with the central deflector member 62 of the grille 14. The baffle member 16 is mounted within the speaker housing 12 so that the concave sides of the

deflector elements

66, 68 and 70 face forwardly. Moreover, the outer annular opening 48- in the speaker housing grille 14 is aligned with the outer concave deflector element 66 of the baffle 16, and the annular opening 50 in the grille 14 is aligned with the concave deflector element 68 of the baffle.

FIG. 7 illustrates the relationship between the phenolic diaphragm 34, the baffle 16 and the grille 14 of the speaker housing 12. It will be understood that the sound waves created and propelled forwardly from the diaphram 34 will initially pass through the

openings

76, 78 and 80 in the baffle I6. Such sound waves will then be deflected rearwardly by the

concave deflector members

58, 60 and 62. The rearwardly deflected sound waves will impinge against the

concave baffle elements

66, 68 and 70 of the baffle member 16, and the latter baffle elements will then deflect the sound waves forwardly through the

openings

48, 50 and 52 in the grille 14 of the speaker housing 12.

FIG. 8 is a drawing representing the equivalent diameter of the opening at each of the section lines A, B, C and D in FIG. 7 based upon a loudspeaker having 21 diaphragm 34 which is 4 inches in diameter. In accordance with the design of the present invention, used in conjunction with a four-inch diameter diaphragm, the following approximate data represents the open area at each of the indicated section lines:

EQUIVALEN'I' DIA. IN.)

The developed expansion profile in FIG. 8 is based upon the foregoing data identified as Equivalent Diameter" and thus represents in effect an example of a developed sound profile for a re-entrant horn loudspeaker constructed in accordance with the present invention.

It will now be understood that the loudspeaker described herein is well suited to accomplishing the previously stated objects of the present invention. The reentrant horn comprised of the grille l4 and baffle 16 provide protection against damage from radiation heating effects of fire and render the loudspeaker virtually damageand tamper-proof by inhibiting foreign objects from being thrust into the loudspeaker mechanism. The foregoing re-entrant horn is quite different from a conventional folder exponential horn because it is very compact in size and architecturally and aesthetically practical for a variety of mounts such as flush wall, surface or gasketed back-box through the use of conventional accessory plates and boxes.

The horn loudspeaker of the present invention is particularly well suited for use in conjunction with a combination alarm and emergency communication system of the type described in my copending application Ser. No. 359,987, filed May I4, 1973, and assigned to the assignee of the present invention. By utilizing the short, rapidly flared, re-entrant horn loudspeaker of the present invention, it is possible to achieve excellent efficiency and frequency response. Such a loudspeaker has been found well suited to reproduce distinctive, loud, penetrating, electronically generated tones which command instant recognition as fire alarm and other emergency alerting signals, including the slow whoop signal which is highly desirable as a fire alarm alerting signal. The loudspeaker of the present invention is also well-adapted for reproducing voice communications as provided for in the system described in the foregoing copending application. Moreover, such a horn loudspeaker will meet various fire codes which require use of a re-entrant type horn and yet it dispenses with the disadvantages inherent with use of a conventional reentrant folded exponential horn.

It should be noted that the diaphragm 34 disclosed herein is essentially a cone-type or conically-shaped diaphragm member, even though there is a small central bulbar member which functions primarily as a cover for a coil (not shown) disposed behind the central portion of the diaphragm. Conventional re-entrant loudspeakers employ compression-type drivers in conjunction with a generally bulbar diaphragm as contrasted with a cone-type diaphragm, and as described hereinabove the drivers are coupled to folded exponential horns. However, in the re-entrant loudspeaker of the present invention, which eliminates the need for the usual large folded exponential horn, I have found it is more advantageous to employ a cone-type diaphragm in conjunction with the very shallow, rapidly-flared re-entrant horn comprised of the grille l4 and baffle 16. Moreover, I have found that by using a cone-type diaphragm in conjunction with the grille member 14 and baffle 16, the latter two components will impair the output of the loudspeaker only to a very small degree if at all, and as previously noted the loudspeaker of the present invention provides excellent efficiency and frequency response and produces wattage and acoustic ratings far in excess of that required for most fire alarm and other emergency alarm applications.

It has been pointedout hereinabove that the small size of the loudspeaker 10 is one of its important advantages. This advantage applies in particular to the fact that the loudspeaker 10 is extremely short or shallow in its dimensions whereas a conventional re-entrant horn is not only of a very large diameter at its outer end, but in addition is normally quite long. While the present invention is not restricted to a specific size, it has been found that for most fire alarm and the like applications a speaker having a diaphragm 4 inches in diameter will perform satisfactorily, and it will be understood from FIG. 7 that the outer diameter of the speaker housing 12 need be only slightly larger than the diameter of the diaphragm. Moreover, in a preferred embodiment, the total thickness of the re-entrant horn measured from the rear face of the baffle 16 to the front face of the grille 14 does not exceed approximately one inch, In fact, favorable results can be achieved where such dimension is only about 0.75 inch or less.

It is also important to understand that the re-entrant horn comprised of the baffle 16 and the grille 14, in spite of its shallow dimension, does in fact function as a sound expansion chamber in a manner generally similar to large conventional horns. The foregoing is illustrated by the developed profile drawing of FIG. 8 which represents graphically the dimensional data set forth on page 9 of the specification. It will be seen from the foregoing data and from FIG. 8 that the area of the sound chamber decreases from Section A-A to Section BB, increases from Section BB to Section CC, and then increases very substantially from Section CC to Section DD. Accordingly, the re-entrant horn comprising the baffle l6 and grille 14 does provide an expansion chamber for the sound waves as they pass through a re-entry path before emanating from the loudspeaker. It should perhaps be pointed out that the dimension of three-fourths inch indicated between Section BB and Section CC in FIG. 8 does not represent the distance between those planes in FIG. 7, but rather represents the length of the mean re-entry sound path between such planes as represented by the dotted line in FIG. 7.

I claim:

1. A loudspeaker comprising, in combination, a diaphragm, and a shallow re-entrant'horn disposed adjacent the front of said diaphragm, said re-entrant horn comprising a protective grille-like baffle member ar' ranged substantially parallel to the front of said diaphragm in proximity thereto, said grille-like baffle member having a first plurality of concentric annular baffle elements and first intermediate annular openings located approximately in a first plane adjacent to said diaphragm, and a second plurality of complementary concentric annular baffle elements and second intermediate annular openings located approximately in a second plane disposed parallel to and outwardly of said first plane, said first plurality of baffle elements comprising outwardly directed annular concave deflectors and said second plurality of baffle elements comprising inwardly directed annular concave deflectors, said first annular openings being aligned with the deflectors in said second plane, the deflectors in said first plane being aligned with the openings in said second plane, and the annular openings in said second plane being at greater average radii compared to the annular openings in said first plane, whereby sound waves projected forwardly from said diaphragm through the annular openings in said first plane are deflected rearwardly by the deflectors in said second plane and then are deflected forwardly through the annular openings in said second plane by the deflectors in said first plane so as to traverse a re-entry type sound path which affords a sound expansion profile.

2. A loudspeaker as defined in claim 1 where the total thickness of said grille-like baffle member measured from the rear of said first plurality of baffle elements to the front of said second plurality of baffle ele ments does not exceed approximately 1 inch.

3. A loudspeaker as defined in claim 1 including a speaker housing having a front face, said second plurality of concentric annular baffle elements and intermediate annular openings being formed in said front face of said speaker housing, and a separate baffle member inserted into said speaker housing and mounted therein immediately behind said front face of said speaker housing, said first plurality of concentric annular baffle elements and intermediate annular openings being formed in said separate baffle member.

4. A loudspeaker as defined in claim 1 where in each of said first and second planes the plurality of concentric annular baffle elements are interconnected by at least one radial rib member.

5. A loudspeaker as defined in claim 1 where said diaphragm is conically-shaped and is made of phenolic material.

6. A loudspeaker as defined in claim 5 where said speaker housing is provided with a circular recess immediately behind said front face, and said separate baffle member comprises a discshaped baffle having a diameter slightly less than said recess whereby said separate baffle member is mounted within said circular recess in approximate abutment with the rear of said front face, and a speaker frame having said diaphragm mounted on the front thereof, said speaker frame being fixedly mounted in said housing immediately rearwardly of said separate baffle member so as to retain said separate baffle member in said recess and position said diaphragm in close proximity to said separate baffle member.

Claims

1. A loudspeaker comprising, in combination, a diaphragm, and a shallow re-entrant horn disposed adjacent the front of said diaphragm, said re-entrant horn comprising a protective grillelike baffle member arranged substantially parallel to the front of said diaphragm in proximity thereto, said grille-like baffle member having a first plurality of concentric annular baffle elements and first intermediate annular openings located approximately in a first plane adjacent to said diaphragm, and a second plurality of complementary concentric annular baffle elements and second intermediate annular openings located approximately in a second plane disposed parallel to and outwardly of said first plane, said first plurality of baffle elements comprising outwardly directed annular concave deflectors and said second plurality of baffle elements comprising inwardly directed annular concave deflectors, said first annular openings being aligned with the deflectors in said second plane, the deflectors in said first plane being aligned with the openings in said second plane, and the annular openings in said second plane being at greater average radii compared to the annular openings in said first plane, whereby sound waves projected forwardly from said diaphragm through the annular openings in said first plane are deflected rearwardly by the deflectors in said second plane and then are deflected forwardly through the annular openings in said second plane by the deflectors in said first plane so as to traverse a re-entry type sound path which affords a sound expansion profile.

2. A loudspeaker as defined in claim 1 where the total thickness of said grille-like baffle member measured from the rear of said first plurality of baffle elements to the front of said second plurality of baffle elements does not exceed approximately 1 inch.