US3909431A - Coolant-lubricant composition comprising fluorocarbon-cyclohexanone mixtures - Google Patents
Coolant-lubricant composition comprising fluorocarbon-cyclohexanone mixtures Download PDFInfo
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- US3909431A US3909431A US080200A US8020070A US3909431A US 3909431 A US3909431 A US 3909431A US 080200 A US080200 A US 080200A US 8020070 A US8020070 A US 8020070A US 3909431 A US3909431 A US 3909431A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- cyclohexanone
- mixtures
- trichloro
- fluorocarbon
- trifluoroethane
- Prior art date
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 title abstract description 22
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- AJDIZQLSFPQPEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-Trichlorotrifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)C(F)(Cl)Cl AJDIZQLSFPQPEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorodifluoromethane Chemical group FC(F)(Cl)Cl PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000019404 dichlorodifluoromethane Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004338 Dichlorodifluoromethane Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- DDMOUSALMHHKOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)C(F)(F)Cl DDMOUSALMHHKOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940087091 dichlorotetrafluoroethane Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- SLGOCMATMKJJCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetrachloro-2,2-difluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl SLGOCMATMKJJCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- IKERVPAIKADBFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dichloro-2,2,3,3,4,4-hexafluorocyclobutane Chemical compound FC1(F)C(F)(F)C(Cl)(Cl)C1(F)F IKERVPAIKADBFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- CYXIKYKBLDZZNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)CCl CYXIKYKBLDZZNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- XWCDCDSDNJVCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorofluoromethane Chemical compound FCCl XWCDCDSDNJVCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- UMNKXPULIDJLSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorofluoromethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)Cl UMNKXPULIDJLSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940099364 dichlorofluoromethane Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorofluoromethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)(Cl)Cl CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940029284 trichlorofluoromethane Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- JLGADZLAECENGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dibromo-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(Br)Br JLGADZLAECENGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OHMHBGPWCHTMQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)Cl OHMHBGPWCHTMQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- BOSAWIQFTJIYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl BOSAWIQFTJIYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000010730 cutting oil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- UJPMYEOUBPIPHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoroethane Chemical compound CC(F)(F)F UJPMYEOUBPIPHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KMYUUNBBYWAVME-UHFFFAOYSA-N [ClH]1[ClH]CC=C1 Chemical compound [ClH]1[ClH]CC=C1 KMYUUNBBYWAVME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011436 cob Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010699 lard oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- BHNZEZWIUMJCGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane Chemical compound CC(F)(F)Cl BHNZEZWIUMJCGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- -1 fluorocarbons Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000206 health hazard Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 150000002466 imines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940059904 light mineral oil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011369 resultant mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M3/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on lubricating components other than mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils and their use as lubricants; Use as lubricants of single liquid substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/08—Aldehydes; Ketones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2211/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only
- C10M2211/022—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only aliphatic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2211/06—Perfluorinated compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/22—Metal working with essential removal of material, e.g. cutting, grinding or drilling
Definitions
- coolantlubricants generally contain a petroleum-derived substance such as mineral oil, kerosene, mineral lard oil, sulfurized-chlorinated mineral oil, and sulfurized mineral lard oil.
- Synthetic coolantlubricants are also in common use and such include polyglycols, esters, polycarbonates, imines, amines, amides, silicones, halogenated hydrocarbons and mixtures thereof.
- a particular object of this invention is to provide novel solvent mixtures possessing the non-flammable and non-toxic characteristics of l,l,2-trichloro-l,2,2-
- mixtures comprising a fluorocarbon coolant having a boiling point from l00C./760 mm and cyclohexanone (C H O) as lubricant, in which mixture the weight percent of the cyclohexanone does not exceed about 2, provide excellent evaporative coolant and lubricating characteristics when applied to metal parts during machining operations, and do not leave hard to remove residues on the work-pieces or cutting tools.
- fluorocarbon coolant lubricants are trichloromonofluoromethane, dichloromonofluoromethane, monochloromonofluoromethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane (symor asym-), tetrachlorodifluoroethane (symor asym-), 1,1,l-trichloro- 2,2,2-trifluoroethane, l,l ,2-trichloro-1,2,2- trifiuoroethane, dibromotetrafiuoroethane, dichlorotrifluoroethane, monochlorotrifluoroethane, and dichlorohexafluorocyclobutane. Mixtures of these coolants may also be employed.
- the preferred coolant trifluoroethane.
- compositions of this invention are essentially free of inorganic contaminants, light in color, inert to chemical reactants and stable.
- the coolant-lubricant compositions of my invention may be applied to the work-piece in any convenient manner as will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
- One illustrative method is by gravity flow, that is the compositions may be applied dropwise or in a steady stream to the area around the point of contact of the cutting tool and work-piece.
- the novel compositions are mixed with a conventional propellant in the amount of from about 5 to about 40% by weight of the composition, preferably 15-25% by weight of the composition, and the resultant mixture applied to the point of contact of the cutting tool with the work-piece, using conventional aerosol equipment.
- Propellants such as fluorocarbons, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and mixtures thereof are typical of suitable propellants which can be used.
- the preferred propellants are fluorocarbons which have vapor pressures between about 0 7l p.s.i.g. at F.
- Illustrative are dichlorotetrafluoroethane (symand asym-), monochlorodifluorethane and dichlorodifluoromethane. The latter is the preferred propellant.
- the propellant may be the same or different than the coolant compound.
- cyclohexanone in the compositions of this invention, provides sufficient lubrication character to extend the tool-life and provides excellent work-piece finish.
- the propellants serve not only to facilitate the application of the cyclohexanone CCl FCClF mixture to the work-piece but also may improve the coolant properties of the mixture.
- a propellant in amounts of up to about 40 weight percent does not noticeably affect the lubricant properties of the mixtures.
- the weight-percent of propellant used is within the range of about 15 to 25.
- EXAMPLE 1 Cascade steel coupons, annealed to 32-35 Rockwell hardness, and containing 4.1% nickel were machined on a 14 inch Sheldon Engine Lathe, having a standard feed of 0.003 in. and a cut dept of 0.01 in. The lathe was operated at various speeds, from 45 rpm to 200 rpm.
- EXAMPLE 2 When, instead of the cascade steel coupons machined in Example 1 above, aluminum (AL 6061TG) coupons were used with the same equipment and conditions, the lathe could be efficiently operated at speeds up to 1,250 rpm. As was the case in Example 1, the finish of the work-piece was the cleanest and free from residue only when a coolant-lubricant composition containing 1 to 2% cyclohexanone and 1,1,2- trichlorol ,2,2-trifluorocthane with dichlorodifluoromethane as propellant was employed. Use of oil or fluorocarbon (without cyclohexanone) resulted in a finish which was slightly marred by residue or heat distortion effects. Use of cyclohexanone (without oil or fluorocarbons) results in a work-piece contaminated with residue.
- a coolant-lubricant composition containing 1 to 2% cyclohexanone and 1,1,2- trichlorol ,2,2-trifluorocthane with dichloro
- EXAMPLE 3 One inch thick cascade steel coupons, annealed to 32-35 Rockwell hardness and containing 4.1% nickel, were drilled in about 2 minutes with a A inch drill at a feed rate of 0.004 inch/revolution, and a speed of 1500 rpm. When using 12 parts of 1,1,2-trichloro- 1,2,2-trifluoroethane as the coolant, the bit was rapidly attacked.
- EXAMPLE 5 Cascade steel coupons, annealed to 32-35 Rockwell hardness and containing 4.1% nickel were milled on a Bridgeport Milling Machine using a feed rate of ninesixteenth inch per minute, a depth of 0.02 inch, spindel speed of to 210 rpm. The area around the point of contact of the spindle and work-piece was cooled and lubricated with 40 parts/minute of operation of coolant-lubricant composition.
- compositions of the invention for example, co-lubricants, antioxidants, co-propellants and the like.
- additives will be chosen so as not to adversely affect the essential properties of the basic composition for a given purpose.
- Mixtures comprising a fluorocarbon which is trichloromonofluoromethane, dichloromonofluoromethane, monochloromonofluoromethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane, tetrachlorodifluoroethane, 1,1,1- trichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane, l, l ,2-trichloro-l ,2,2- trifluoroethane, dibromotetrafluoroethane, dichlorotrifluoroethane, monochlorotrifluoroethane, or dichlorohexafluorocyclobutane, and cyclohexanone in which mixtures the weight percent of cyclohexanone does not exceed about 2.
- a fluorocarbon which is trichloromonofluoromethane, dichloromonofluoromethane, monochloromonofluoromethane, dichlorote
- Mixtures consisting essentially of a fluorocarbon which is trichloromonofluoromethane, dichloromonofluoromethane, monochloromonofluoromethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane, tetrachlorodifluoroethane, l ,l ,1 -trichloro-2,2,Z-trifluorothane, l,l ,2-trichloro- 1,2,2-trifluoroethane, dibromotetrafluoroethane, dichlorotrifluoroethane, monochlorotrifluoroethane, or
- dichlorohexafluorocyclobutane and cyclohexanone in which mixtures the weight percent of cyclohexanone does not exceed about 2.
Abstract
Certain fluorocarbons, particularly 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2trifluoroethane in admixture with cyclohexanone are useful as evaporative coolant-lubricant compositions. These mixtures are useful in the machining of metals because of their stability, chemical inertness, non-flammability and non-toxicity.
Description
United States Patent 1191 Figiel Sept. 30, 1975 [54] COOLANT-LUBRICANT MP SITI N 2,580,654 1 1952 Browning 252 15 x COMPRISING 2,585.820 2 1952 Morell et a]. 252/58 2.664.173 12 1953 Karig 252/58 x FLUOROCARBON'CYCLOHEXANONE 3,129,182 4/1954 McLean..... 252 58 x MIXTURES 3,618,461 11/1971 Parker 252/58 x Inventor: Francis J. Figiel, Boonton, NJ.
Assignee: Allied Chemical Corporation, New
York, NY.
Filed: Oct. 12, 1970 Appl. No.: 80,200
US. Cl. 252/54; 252/11; 252/15;
252/58 Int. Cl. ClOM 1/30; ClOM 3/24 Field of Search 252/i 1, i5, 52, 54, 58
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 11/1945 Calva 252/52 R Primary Examiner-Delbert E. Gantz Assistant ExaminerAndrew H. Metz Attorney, Agent, or FirmAnthony J. Stewart; Jay P. Friedenson ABSTRACT 10 Claims, No Drawings COOLANT-LUBRICANT COMPOSITION COMPRISING FLUOROCARBON-CYCLOHEXANONE MIXTURES BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The fabrication, and more specifically the machining or cutting of metals and metal alloy parts of lathes, planers, threaders, and the like, is a well known and common operation in the metal-forming industry. The operations involving the cutting and shaping of metal and alloys such as titanium, stainless steels, aluminum and beryllium, are extremely difficult and give rise to many problems such as work-hardening during light cuts, short tool life and slow machining speeds, due primarily to the generation of heat at the point of contact of the cutting tool and the work piece.
It is known to improve the life of the cutting tool by cooling the surfaces of the cutting tool and work-piece by employing lubricants containing relatively large amounts of an evaporative coolant. The usual coolantlubricants or cutting oils, generally contain a petroleum-derived substance such as mineral oil, kerosene, mineral lard oil, sulfurized-chlorinated mineral oil, and sulfurized mineral lard oil. Synthetic coolantlubricants are also in common use and such include polyglycols, esters, polycarbonates, imines, amines, amides, silicones, halogenated hydrocarbons and mixtures thereof.
Many coolant-lubricants used in the art or tested for use in the prior art suffer from one or more of the following disadvantages. For example most petroleum derived lubricants leave residues which form coatings on the work-piece so that markings on the work-piece or cutting tools are obliterated. The residues or coatings are often difficult to remove and when removed, by use of abrasive substances, can result in marring of the surfaces of the object being machined. Other lubricants, such as kerosene and light mineral oil fractions, are extremely flammable and thus present hazards. Amines and nitrogenous oils are toxic and may present health hazards to the operating personnel. Silicone oils often leave residues which are difficult to remove. It is essential that a work-piece, after the maching operation, be free of contaminants which might affect the adhesion or appearance of paints or sealants to be applied subsequently to the work-piece.
It is a major object of this invention to provide novel solvent compositions which cool and lubricate metal work-pieces during the machining thereof.
It is another object to provide coolant-lubricant solvent compositions which are non-flammable, non-toxic and which do not discolor the work-piece nor leave difficult to remove residues thereon.
A particular object of this invention is to provide novel solvent mixtures possessing the non-flammable and non-toxic characteristics of l,l,2-trichloro-l,2,2-
trifluoroethane and providing significantly better lubricating and cooling properties while in use during the machining of metals than previously used lubricants.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION In accordance with the present invention, it has been found that mixtures comprising a fluorocarbon coolant having a boiling point from l00C./760 mm and cyclohexanone (C H O) as lubricant, in which mixture the weight percent of the cyclohexanone does not exceed about 2, provide excellent evaporative coolant and lubricating characteristics when applied to metal parts during machining operations, and do not leave hard to remove residues on the work-pieces or cutting tools.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Examples of suitable fluorocarbon coolant lubricants are trichloromonofluoromethane, dichloromonofluoromethane, monochloromonofluoromethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane (symor asym-), tetrachlorodifluoroethane (symor asym-), 1,1,l-trichloro- 2,2,2-trifluoroethane, l,l ,2-trichloro-1,2,2- trifiuoroethane, dibromotetrafiuoroethane, dichlorotrifluoroethane, monochlorotrifluoroethane, and dichlorohexafluorocyclobutane. Mixtures of these coolants may also be employed.
The preferred coolant trifluoroethane.
Mixtures according to the invention in which the weight percent of cyclohexanone is within the range of from about one-half to about 2 are preferred.
The compositions of this invention are essentially free of inorganic contaminants, light in color, inert to chemical reactants and stable.
The coolant-lubricant compositions of my invention may be applied to the work-piece in any convenient manner as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. One illustrative method is by gravity flow, that is the compositions may be applied dropwise or in a steady stream to the area around the point of contact of the cutting tool and work-piece. Preferably, the novel compositions are mixed with a conventional propellant in the amount of from about 5 to about 40% by weight of the composition, preferably 15-25% by weight of the composition, and the resultant mixture applied to the point of contact of the cutting tool with the work-piece, using conventional aerosol equipment. Propellants such as fluorocarbons, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and mixtures thereof are typical of suitable propellants which can be used. The preferred propellants are fluorocarbons which have vapor pressures between about 0 7l p.s.i.g. at F. Illustrative are dichlorotetrafluoroethane (symand asym-), monochlorodifluorethane and dichlorodifluoromethane. The latter is the preferred propellant. As can be seen, the propellant may be the same or different than the coolant compound.
We have found that the presence of relatively small, i.e., up to about 2% by weight, of cyclohexanone in the compositions of this invention, provides sufficient lubrication character to extend the tool-life and provides excellent work-piece finish. The propellants serve not only to facilitate the application of the cyclohexanone CCl FCClF mixture to the work-piece but also may improve the coolant properties of the mixture. Moreover the presence of a propellant in amounts of up to about 40 weight percent does not noticeably affect the lubricant properties of the mixtures. Preferably the weight-percent of propellant used is within the range of about 15 to 25. I
The following examples illustrate the principles and practice of my invention. Parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise specified.
is 1,1 ,2-trichlorol ,2,2-
EXAMPLE 1 Cascade steel coupons, annealed to 32-35 Rockwell hardness, and containing 4.1% nickel were machined on a 14 inch Sheldon Engine Lathe, having a standard feed of 0.003 in. and a cut dept of 0.01 in. The lathe was operated at various speeds, from 45 rpm to 200 rpm.
Various coolants and/or lubricant compositions were applied through a nozzle mounted at a point above the lathe so as to direct a spray of coolant and/or lubricant against the work-piece at the point of contact of the cutting tool and the work-piece. The duration of each test was five minutes. The lathe speed, composition of the coolant and/or lubricant under test, and the results of the test are set out in tabular form in Table 1, below.
TABLE 1 Speed Coolant/lubricant Results 45 rpm Cutting Oil Good 45 rpm Genetron 1 13/12 Good 120 rpm Cutting Oil Turnings hot 120 rpm Genetron 1 13/12" Turnings hot 160 rpm Cutting Oil Smog, discolora tion of turnings 160 rpm Genetron 1 13/12' Discoloration or turnings 160 rpm 17! C,;H .,O, Genetron Good-surface clean 1 13/ l 3 4 160 rpm 271 C H O, Genetron Good-some lubril 13/12" cant visible on work-piece 200 rpm Cutting Oil Much discoloration of turnings. Tool attacked. 200 rpm 17: C H O, Gcnetron Good Legend: Genetron-Rcgistered trademark of Allied Chemical Corp. for halogenated hydrocarbons.
Good result indicated by clean appearance of surface and turnings, no residue or one which is easily wiped clean. (ienetron l 13 1.1.2-trichloru-l.lZ-trifluoroethane Genetron 12 Dichlorodifluoromethane (Propellant) (ratio 7571/2571. Genetron 113/12) Ratio 75% Cyclohcxanone, (.lenetmn 113 mixture. 257' Genelrun 12 About 180 parts of the mixture used. About 75 parts of cutting oil, Grade BR-l 12. product of American Oil and Sup ly C0,, Newark, NJ.
These results indicate that the turning of cascade steel coupons, presents little or no problem at slow speeds but does at the higher, i.e., 120 rpm and higher. The turning can be readily accomplished at high speeds without damage to the cutting tool and/or work-piece by use of a composition of this invention to provide cooling and lubrication of the work-piece and cutting tool.
EXAMPLE 2 When, instead of the cascade steel coupons machined in Example 1 above, aluminum (AL 6061TG) coupons were used with the same equipment and conditions, the lathe could be efficiently operated at speeds up to 1,250 rpm. As was the case in Example 1, the finish of the work-piece was the cleanest and free from residue only when a coolant-lubricant composition containing 1 to 2% cyclohexanone and 1,1,2- trichlorol ,2,2-trifluorocthane with dichlorodifluoromethane as propellant was employed. Use of oil or fluorocarbon (without cyclohexanone) resulted in a finish which was slightly marred by residue or heat distortion effects. Use of cyclohexanone (without oil or fluorocarbons) results in a work-piece contaminated with residue.
EXAMPLE 3 One inch thick cascade steel coupons, annealed to 32-35 Rockwell hardness and containing 4.1% nickel, were drilled in about 2 minutes with a A inch drill at a feed rate of 0.004 inch/revolution, and a speed of 1500 rpm. When using 12 parts of 1,1,2-trichloro- 1,2,2-trifluoroethane as the coolant, the bit was rapidly attacked. However, when a mixture of 3 parts of a 1% solution of cyclohexanone in l,l,2-trichloro-l,2,2- trifluoroethane and 1 part of dichlorodifluoromethane was used to cool and lubricate the bit and work-piece, the performance of the drill was excellent, that is the chips were not discolored nor was any tool build-up noted, and the surface of the work-piece was smooth.
EXAMPLE 4 Repetition of the above drilling test, but using a /2 inch drill rotating at 810 rpm gave the following results:
a. When 14 parts of a 3:1 mixture of l,l,2trichloro- 1,2,2-trifluoroethane and dichlorodifluoromethane were used to cool the piece and drill, there was considerable discoloration of the chips and extensive tool build-up was noted.
b. When the coupon and drill were lubricated with a commercially available cutting oil, an unsatisfactory result similar to that obtained in (a) above was obtained.
c. When 15 parts of a 3:1 mixture of a solution of 1% cyclohexanone in 1,1 ,Z-trichlorol ,2,2- trifluoroethane and dichlorodifluoromethane was used to cool and lubricate the coupon and drill, no discoloration of the chips or tool build-up was noted.
When 14 parts of a 3:1 mixture of a solution of 1.5% of cyclohexanone and l,l,2-trichloro-l,2,2- trifluoroethane and dichlorodifluoromethane were used as the coolant-lubricant no discoloration of the chips or tool build up was evident.
EXAMPLE 5 Cascade steel coupons, annealed to 32-35 Rockwell hardness and containing 4.1% nickel were milled on a Bridgeport Milling Machine using a feed rate of ninesixteenth inch per minute, a depth of 0.02 inch, spindel speed of to 210 rpm. The area around the point of contact of the spindle and work-piece was cooled and lubricated with 40 parts/minute of operation of coolant-lubricant composition.
When a solution of 1.5% cyclohexanone in 1,1,2- trichloro1,2,2-trifluoroethane was used as coolantlubricant an exceptionally good finish was achieved, that is no discoloration of, or residue was left on the surface of the piece even at the high spindle speed of 210 rpm. Cutting oil, when used at that high speed, rapidly decomposed and left a hard residue on the piece. When 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane alone was used, a very coarse finish developed on the work-piece.
It will be apparent to those skilled in this art that for specialized purposes, various additives could be incorporated with the compositions of the invention, for example, co-lubricants, antioxidants, co-propellants and the like. Such additives will be chosen so as not to adversely affect the essential properties of the basic composition for a given purpose.
The invention therefore is not intended to be limited by any specific embodiments dislosed herein, but only by the scope of the claims appended hereto.
I claim:
1. Mixtures comprising a fluorocarbon which is trichloromonofluoromethane, dichloromonofluoromethane, monochloromonofluoromethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane, tetrachlorodifluoroethane, 1,1,1- trichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane, l, l ,2-trichloro-l ,2,2- trifluoroethane, dibromotetrafluoroethane, dichlorotrifluoroethane, monochlorotrifluoroethane, or dichlorohexafluorocyclobutane, and cyclohexanone in which mixtures the weight percent of cyclohexanone does not exceed about 2.
2. Mixtures according to claim 1 containing l,l,2- trichloro-l ,2,2-trifluoroethane.
3. Mixtures consisting essentially of a fluorocarbon which is trichloromonofluoromethane, dichloromonofluoromethane, monochloromonofluoromethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane, tetrachlorodifluoroethane, l ,l ,1 -trichloro-2,2,Z-trifluorothane, l,l ,2-trichloro- 1,2,2-trifluoroethane, dibromotetrafluoroethane, dichlorotrifluoroethane, monochlorotrifluoroethane, or
dichlorohexafluorocyclobutane, and cyclohexanone in which mixtures the weight percent of cyclohexanone does not exceed about 2.
4. Mixtures according to claim 3 in which the weight percent of cyclohexanone is within the range of about one-half to about 2.
5. Mixtures according to claim 3 in which the fluorocarbon is l ,1 ,Z-trichloro-l ,2,2-trifluoroethane.
6. Mixtures according to claim 1 containing a propellant.
7. Mixtures according to claim 6 in which the propellant is a fluorocarbon having a vapor pressure between about 0-71 p.s.i.g. at F.
8. Mixtures according to claim 7 in which the fluorocarbon having a boiling point from OlOOC./76O mm is l ,1 ,Z-trichloro-l ,2,2-trifluoroethane.
9. Mixtures according to claim 8 in which the propellant is dichlorodifluoromethane.
10. Mixtures according to claim 9 in which the weight percent of the propellant based on the weight of the mixture does not exceed about 40.
Claims (10)
1. MIXTURES COMPRISING A FLUOROCARBON WHICH IS TRICHLOROMONOFLUOROMETHANE, DICHLOROMONOFLUOROMETHANE, MONOCHLOROMONOFLUOROMETHANE, DICHLOROTETRAFLUOROETHANE, TETRACHLORODIFLUOROETHANE, 1,1,1-TRICHLORO-2,2,2-TRIFLUOROETHANE, 1,1,2-TRICHLORO-1,2,2-TRIFLUOROETHANE, DIBROMOTETRAFLUOROETHANE, DICHLOROTRIFLUOROETHAE, MONOCHLOROTRIFLUOROETHANE, OR DICHLOROHEXAFLUOROCYCLOBUTANE, AND CYCLOHEXANONE IN WHICH MIXTURES THE WEIGHT PERCENT OF CYCLOHEXANONE DOES NOT EXCEED ABOUT 2.
2. Mixtures according to claim 1 containing 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2, 2-trifluoroethane.
3. Mixtures consisting essentially of a fluorocarbon which is trichloromonofluoromethane, dichloromonofluoromethane, monochloromonofluoromethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane, tetrachlorodifluoroethane, 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2,2-trifluorothane, 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, dibromotetrafluoroethane, dichlorotrifluoroethane, monochlorotrifluoroethane, or dichlorohexafluorocyclobutane, and cyclohexanone in which mixtures the weight percent of cyclohexanone does not exceed about 2.
4. Mixtures according to claim 3 in which the weight percent of cyclohexanone is within the range of about one-half to about 2.
5. Mixtures according to claim 3 in which the fluorocarbon is 1, 1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane.
6. Mixtures according to claim 1 containing a propellant.
7. Mixtures according to claim 6 in which the propellant is a fluorocarbon having a vapor pressure between about 0-71 p.s.i.g. at 70*F.
8. Mixtures according to claim 7 in which the fluorocarbon having a boiling point from 0*-100*C./760 mm is 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane.
9. Mixtures according to claim 8 in which the propellant is dichlorodifluoromethane.
10. Mixtures according to claim 9 in which the weight percent of the propellant based on the weight of the mixture does not exceed about 40.
Priority Applications (1)
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US080200A US3909431A (en) | 1970-10-12 | 1970-10-12 | Coolant-lubricant composition comprising fluorocarbon-cyclohexanone mixtures |
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US080200A US3909431A (en) | 1970-10-12 | 1970-10-12 | Coolant-lubricant composition comprising fluorocarbon-cyclohexanone mixtures |
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Cited By (13)
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US4084737A (en) * | 1976-08-16 | 1978-04-18 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Oilless fluid for scoring glass |
US4370244A (en) * | 1978-12-21 | 1983-01-25 | Akademie Der Wissenschaften Der Ddr | Process for cold mechanical working of metallic materials |
US4492641A (en) * | 1982-12-02 | 1985-01-08 | Kali-Chemie Ag | Process for the chip forming, cutting or abrasive working of metals |
US4724092A (en) * | 1984-11-07 | 1988-02-09 | Daikin Industries Ltd. | Fluorine-containing grease composition |
US4836944A (en) * | 1987-06-02 | 1989-06-06 | Daikin Industries Ltd. | Halogen-containing polyether and its use |
US5076949A (en) * | 1989-01-29 | 1991-12-31 | Monsanto Company | Novel perfluorinated polyethers and process for their preparation |
US5120459A (en) * | 1989-01-29 | 1992-06-09 | Monsanto Company | Perfluorinated polyethers and process for their preparation |
US5300245A (en) * | 1991-07-01 | 1994-04-05 | Kao Corporation | Working fluid composition having ketone-containing compound for use in refrigeration system |
US5877128A (en) * | 1996-04-26 | 1999-03-02 | Platinum Research Organization Ltd. | Catalyzed lubricant additives and catalyzed lubricant systems designed to accelerate the lubricant bonding reaction |
US6258758B1 (en) | 1996-04-26 | 2001-07-10 | Platinum Research Organization Llc | Catalyzed surface composition altering and surface coating formulations and methods |
US8791056B2 (en) | 2010-06-24 | 2014-07-29 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Alkylphosphorofluoridothioates having low wear volume and methods for synthesizing and using same |
US9725669B2 (en) | 2012-05-07 | 2017-08-08 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Synergistic mixtures of ionic liquids with other ionic liquids and/or with ashless thiophosphates for antiwear and/or friction reduction applications |
CN112430453A (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2021-03-02 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Cooling liquid composition and cooling system |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4084737A (en) * | 1976-08-16 | 1978-04-18 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Oilless fluid for scoring glass |
US4370244A (en) * | 1978-12-21 | 1983-01-25 | Akademie Der Wissenschaften Der Ddr | Process for cold mechanical working of metallic materials |
US4492641A (en) * | 1982-12-02 | 1985-01-08 | Kali-Chemie Ag | Process for the chip forming, cutting or abrasive working of metals |
US4724092A (en) * | 1984-11-07 | 1988-02-09 | Daikin Industries Ltd. | Fluorine-containing grease composition |
US4836944A (en) * | 1987-06-02 | 1989-06-06 | Daikin Industries Ltd. | Halogen-containing polyether and its use |
US5076949A (en) * | 1989-01-29 | 1991-12-31 | Monsanto Company | Novel perfluorinated polyethers and process for their preparation |
US5120459A (en) * | 1989-01-29 | 1992-06-09 | Monsanto Company | Perfluorinated polyethers and process for their preparation |
US5300245A (en) * | 1991-07-01 | 1994-04-05 | Kao Corporation | Working fluid composition having ketone-containing compound for use in refrigeration system |
US5877128A (en) * | 1996-04-26 | 1999-03-02 | Platinum Research Organization Ltd. | Catalyzed lubricant additives and catalyzed lubricant systems designed to accelerate the lubricant bonding reaction |
US6258758B1 (en) | 1996-04-26 | 2001-07-10 | Platinum Research Organization Llc | Catalyzed surface composition altering and surface coating formulations and methods |
US6362135B1 (en) | 1996-04-26 | 2002-03-26 | Platinum Research Organization, L.L.C. | Catalyzed compositions and methods for use in vehicle surface anti-icing and other applications |
US8791056B2 (en) | 2010-06-24 | 2014-07-29 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Alkylphosphorofluoridothioates having low wear volume and methods for synthesizing and using same |
US9725669B2 (en) | 2012-05-07 | 2017-08-08 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Synergistic mixtures of ionic liquids with other ionic liquids and/or with ashless thiophosphates for antiwear and/or friction reduction applications |
CN112430453A (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2021-03-02 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Cooling liquid composition and cooling system |
US11518923B2 (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2022-12-06 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Coolant composition and cooling system |
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