US390414A - Dynamo—Electric Machine - Google Patents

Description

' 2' gneats-snen 1.

BEST AVAlLABLE cop- 4 N. TBS A'. DYNAMO ELEGTRIG MACHINE. 4 Patented Oct. 2,1888.

. INVENTOR (No Mod eh) ATTORNEYS,

BEST AVAILABLE COP (No Model. 2 Sheets'-Sheet 2.

N. TBSLA.

DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE. No. 390.414. Patented Oct. 2, 1888.-

INVENTOR ATTORNEY'S To all gwhfol iz it; my cancel-11.:

Be itzkuouzmthntd,"N1Kora 'lusm, a sub-- ject of theEmperor -of Austria, from Smiljan,

Liha, border country of Anst-ria- Hungary.

5 now residingat-New York, in t-hecounty and.

Statexoilien ihork havc invented cert iii 11 new and useful Improvements in Dynamo-Electric Machineshiofzm-hiehethe following is a specifi-v catipneereiferencemheing had to the. drawings accompanyingand' forming a part of the same.- In certain'patents granted to Charles F. Peck and myself-enotahly in Patents No.-381,968 and No;a382,280,- :Mny 1, 1888-I have shown ninidescribedaplancf constructing and operr 5 atiu'g' motors, transformers, and the like, by alternating-currents conveyed through two or more. independent circuits from a enerator having such relation to the motors or transforme'rsfas.toprogluce therein a progressive 2o niovehrentiof; ihearmagnetic poles or lines of force. In the said applications :the descriptions-amidllustrations of the generators were confined-,to-th,ose-'types of alternating current machine inlwh'ieh-the.current generating coils are indcp'em'lent or-separatc; but 1 have found that the-onli-naryforms of continuous current d ynamos now in use may be readily and cheaply adapted to my-systelmor utilizedboth as continuous and alternating current generators with butslight ehangesin their construction. The mode-.ofoeflecti-ng thisforms thesnhstance of rny=presentyspplication.

Generally-stated,;the plan pursued by-mc in carryiug-aoutxthisai-nventiou is as follows: On 5 the shaft nf-mgiyeirgcnerator, either in place of or in addition to the regular commutator, secureasmaoy pairs-of insulated collectingringsastherearccircnils to be formed. Now, itwilibe-uuderstwdthat in the operation of 0 any dynamo clcctricgenorator the currents in the coils-in their movement throughthc field of force 1-.imdergofdifierent phnses that is to say, anilifi'erent positions of the coilszthe currents havevv fcertain,-,dircotions and certain strengths-and thatiu my'impl'oved motors or transformers it is necessary that the currents in the energizing-coils should undergo a certain order of variations in strength and direction. Hence, the further step-viz, the con- 5o nection between the induced or generating coils of the machine and the contact-rings from [STAT- 6P forming part. of Letters Patent No. 390.414, dated October 2, 1888. Amalie-Minn tiled Alli-nan. was. Serial No. Jilfi'lfi. momma.

tainin'; an armature with separate coils con- BES T AVAILABLE COP Omen K. N .--"-Y., ssslosou TO Tm: 'rnsnitsnnornrcw N creams PLACE.

bYNAMo-ELscTnic MACHIN E.

which the. currents are to be taken oiI -will he determincdsolcly by whatorder of variir.

tions of strength and direction in the currents is desired for producing a given result in the :clectrienl translating device. Thismay beaccomplishcd in various ways; but in, thedrawings I have given typical instances only of the hestand mostpraeticablc waysof applying the invention to three of the best-known types of 0 machines, in order to illustrate the principle and to enable any one skilled in the art to apply the invention in any other case or under any modified conditions which the circumstances of particular cases may require.

Figure 1 is a diagram illustrarirc'of the. mode of applying the invention tothewcllknown type of-elosed or continuous circuit machines. Fig. 2 is a similar diagram com 7o neeted diametrically,. or what is generally called an "open-circuit machine. Fig. 3 is a diagram showing the application of the invention to a' machine the arumtu-re-coils' of which have a common joint.

Referring to Fig. 1, letAreprcscnt one of my improved motors or transformers, which, for convenience, I shall designate a converter, which consists of an annular core, B, wound with four independent coils, Caud D, those diametrically opposite being connected together so as to co-ope'ratc in pairs in establishing free poles in the ring, the tendency of each pair bcingto fix the poles at ninety degrees from the other. There may be an armsture, E, within the ring, which is wound with coils-closed upon themselves. The object is to pass through coils G i) currents of such relative strength and direction as to produce a progressive shifting or movement of the points of maximiizn ras' netic effect around the ring, andto thereby maintain a rotary movemeut of the armature. I therefore secure to. the shaft F of, the generator four insulated contact-rings, a b c d, upon which I cause to 95 bear the collecti n g brushes i 'li' 0'11, connected by wires G G H H,"respectively, 'with the]. terminals of coils C and l Assume, for sake "of illustration, that the coils I) D are to rcceivethe maximum and coils C C at the same instant the minimum current, so that the polar line may he midway between the'vcoils D D, the rings a b would therefore be connected to the continuous armature-coilat its neutral points with respect to the field or the point corresponding with 5 that of the ordinary commutator-brushes, and between which exists the greatest difference of potential, while rings a d would be con-- nccted to two points in the coil, between which exists no difi'erence of potential. The best resuits will be obtained by making these connections at poinlirequidistant from. one another, as shown. These connections are easiest 'made byusing wires-L betweent-he-rings and the loops or wires J, connectingiliecoil I 5 to the'segmehts of the commutator K. When the converters are made in this manner, it is evident that the phases'of the currents in the sections of the generator-coil will be reproduced in the converter coils. For example, so after turning through an arc of ninety degrees the conductors ,L L, which before conveyed the maximum current,=will receive the minimum current by reason of the changein the position of their coils, and it is evident that for the same reason the current in said coils has gradually fallen from the maximum to the minimum in passing through the arc of ninety degrees. In this special plan of connect-ions the rotation of the magnetic polesol the con- 0 verter will be synchronous with that of the armature-boils of the generator; and theresult will be the same, whether the energizing-(in cuits are derivations from a continuous armatlure-coil or from independent coils,as in my previous devices. I have shown in Fig. 1, in dotted lines, the brushes M M in their proper normal position. in practice these brushes may be removed from the commutator and the field of the gen- 40 crator excited by an external souree'of current; or the brushes may be. allowed to remain on the commutator and to take ofl a converted current to excite; th e field, orto be used for other purposes.

In a certaiuwell-knowu classol machines the armature contains a number of coils the terminals of which connect to commutator segments, thecoils being connected across th armature in pairs. This type of machine is 90 represented in Fig. 2. In this machine each pair of coils goes through the same phases as the coils in some of the generators I have shown, and it is obviously only necessary to utilize them in pairs or sets tooper'ale one of my converters by extending the segments of the coinmutators belonging to each pair of coils and causing a collecting-brush to bear on the continuous portion of each segment. In thisway two or more circuits may be taken 60. oil from the.-'generator,each 'including one or more airs or sets of oils, as may be desired. ilot-jg: 2 I I Tepresenifthe armature-coils, TT-the'poles of the field-magnet, and F the shaft carrying the commutators, which are ex- .such coils either directly-as when they are ciple of the invention. that in an y cas'e'lt is necessary only to add the BEST AVAILABLE COP tended to form continuous portions ab 0 d. The brushes bearing on the continuous p01 tions .for taking ofi" the-alteruatingcurrents are represented by a b c d. The collectingbrushes, or those which may be used to take off the direct c'urrent,are designated by M M. Two pairs of the armature-coils and their cominntators are shown in the figure asbeing utilized; but all may be utilized in a similar .manner.

.There is another well-known type of machine in which three or more coils, A B 0,

combo armature-haven common joint, the

free ends being connected to :thesegments of 5 commutator. This form of generator is illustrated in Fig. 3. In this case each terminal of the generator is connected directly or in derivation to a continuous ring, a b a, and col- Iecting-brnshesa b'c', bearing thereointak'e off I the alternating currents that. operate. the 1110-.

tor; It isprel'erabie in this case toemplo'y a motoror transformer witlrthree energizingcoils, A" B" O", placed symmetrically with th'ose'of the generator, and the circuits from the latter are connected to the terminals of stationary-or by. means of brushes 0' and contact-rings e. In this, as in the other cases, the

ordlnarycommntator maybe used on the gen--'' erator, and the-currcnttakcn from'it utilizedfor exciting the generator field-magnets or for otherpurposes.

These examples serve to illustrate the prin- It will be observed continuous contact or collecting rings and to establish the connections between them and the appropriate coils.

It-will be understood thatthis invention is applicable to other types of machine as, for example, those by which the induced coils are stationary and the brushes and magnet revolve; but the manner of its application is obvious to one skilled in the art.

Having now described my invcntion,what I claim isv I 1. The combination, with a converterhav- 'ing independent energizi-ng-coils, of a continuous or direct current dynamo or magneto machine, and iutermediatccircnits permanently connected at suitable points to the induced or generating coils of the generator, as, herein set forth.

2. The combination, with a converter proyidedwith independent energining-circuits, of a continuous or direct current-generator pro- 1 20 vided with continuous collectingrings cor nected in derivation to the armature-coils to form'the terminals of circuits'corresponding to those of the converter, as -hera'in set forth.

NIKOLA TESLA;

Witnesses:

ROBT.'F. Gunner), FRANK B. MURPHY.

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