US3901783A - Method of producing selenium charge electrophotographic recording plates - Google Patents

Method of producing selenium charge electrophotographic recording plates Download PDF

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Publication number
US3901783A
US3901783A US439807A US43980774A US3901783A US 3901783 A US3901783 A US 3901783A US 439807 A US439807 A US 439807A US 43980774 A US43980774 A US 43980774A US 3901783 A US3901783 A US 3901783A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
selenium
electrophotographic recording
preparing
glow discharge
plate according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US439807A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Helmut Raum
John E Segain
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcatel Lucent NV
Original Assignee
International Standard Electric Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19732306332 external-priority patent/DE2306332B2/de
Priority claimed from DE19732306333 external-priority patent/DE2306333C3/de
Application filed by International Standard Electric Corp filed Critical International Standard Electric Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3901783A publication Critical patent/US3901783A/en
Assigned to ALCATEL N.V., DE LAIRESSESTRAAT 153, 1075 HK AMSTERDAM, THE NETHERLANDS, A CORP OF THE NETHERLANDS reassignment ALCATEL N.V., DE LAIRESSESTRAAT 153, 1075 HK AMSTERDAM, THE NETHERLANDS, A CORP OF THE NETHERLANDS ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ELECTRIC CORPORATION, A CORP OF DE
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
    • G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
    • G03G5/08—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being inorganic
    • G03G5/082—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being inorganic and not being incorporated in a bonding material, e.g. vacuum deposited
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/14—Inert intermediate or cover layers for charge-receiving layers

Definitions

  • recording plates with a conducting substrate on which there is deposited a photoconductive layer of semiconducting material on which a charge pattern is produced by the charge and exposure to light, corresponding to the image pattern.
  • This charge pattern is made visible by the application of a suitable inking powder which, in the course of a further step of the process, is transferred from the recording plate to a sheet of paper where it is fixed.
  • recording plates employing selenium as the semiconducting material.
  • Certain additives to the selenium improve the electrophotographic properties.
  • the metal substrate on which the selenium layer is deposited consists either of a rigid metal plate or of a metal cylinder, or else of a flexible metal foil, such as a steel tape. Onto this metal substrate the selenium is usually deposited by way of evaporation under vacuum.
  • the known electrophotographic recording plates with a selenium layer still have certain disadvantages. First, it is impossible for larger black areas to be reproduced as such, because the charge on the selenium layer is chiefly positioned in the marginal areas of the thus imaged surfaces.
  • a method of preparing a selenium charge electrophotographic recording plate having a selenium layer deposited on a metal substrate comprising the steps of depositing selenium on a metal substrate by evaporation under vacuum to form a selenium layer, depositing a thin coating of a semiconducting material on a metal plate, subjecting the selenium coated metal substrate and said metal plate having a semiconducting material thereon to a glow discharge whereby a portion of said semiconducting material is deposited on said selenium layer.
  • the application of the semiconducting substance is effected in such a way that a metal plate provided with a coating of the semiconducting substance to be used, is arranged as the cathode in a glow discharge, while the anode is formed by the selenium layer of the recording plate. Both the cathode and the anode are arranged at a certain distance apart each other in a suitable gas atmosphere.
  • gases for the glow discharge it has proved particularly suitable to use inert gases, such as nitrogen or rare gases.
  • a further improvement in the reproducibility of the selenium layers can be obtained in that the metal plate used as the cathode, is provided on its surface facing the selenium surface, with a pattern of recesses. These recesses may also extend entirely through the metal plate forming the cathode, so that the cathode is a perforated metal plate.
  • the glow discharge is preferably carried out under a pressure in the order of 10 to 10 torr (mm Hg). In the course of this, there is used a voltage in the order of 800 to 2,000 V, with the current flow amounting to values between 20 and 200 milliamperes.
  • the selenium surface is exposed to this glow discharge for a period of time ranging between half a minute and sixty minutes.
  • an inert gas is used for the glow discharge, hence a gas which, under the glow-discharge conditions does not chemically combine with either the substrate material or the selenium.
  • a suitable inert gas it is possible to use e.g. nitrogen or else a rare gas, such as argon.
  • oxygen may be used as the gas for the glow discharge.
  • Oxygen of course, reacts with the selenium, but this reaction has no influence upon the desired effect. No disadvantageous effects upon the electrophotographic properties of the selenium have been noticed when using oxygen.
  • Suitable semiconducting materials for depositing onto the selenium surface are, in particular, semiconducting cadmium compounds, semiconducting zinc compounds and semiconducting titanium oxide.
  • cadmium sulfide and cadmium selenide are particularly suitable.
  • zinc oxide and zinc sulfide are particularly suitable.
  • the selenium is deposited by way of evaporation under vacuum in the form of a layer in the order of 10 to microns thick.
  • the selenium may still be provided with small additions.
  • the selenium-coated substrate is placed at a suitable distance from a metal plate provided with a thin coating of the semiconducting material to be deposited, in an inert gas atmosphere under a pressure of l to torr, and a voltage is applied ranging between 800 and 2000 V.
  • the metal plate provided with the layer of semiconducting substance to be deposited forms the cathode while the selenium layer forms the anode.
  • glow discharge there will flow a current ranging between and 200 milliamperes. Action lasts for a period ranging between half a minute and sixty minutes.
  • the resulting electrophotographic recording plates show substantially improved reproducibility, especially of larger black areas, and permit reproduction of a large number of gray scales.
  • the surface of a selenium layer is subjected as the cathode to the glow discharge.
  • a polished plate of aluminum is preferably used as the anode.
  • Glow discharge is carried out under the above described conditions causing a great number of slight imperfections in the selenium surface during glow discharge. The imperfections are uniformly distributed over the entire selenium surface, however, the disintegration of the image into individual spots does not occur as is the case when using an optical raster.
  • a method of preparing a selenium charge electrophotographic recording plate having a selenium layer deposited on a metal substrate comprising the steps of:
  • selenium on a metal substrate by evaporation under vacuum to form a selenium layer; depositing a thin coating of a semiconducting material selected from the group consisting of cadmium sulfide, zinc oxide and zinc sulfide on a metal plate; thereafter sputtering a portion of said semiconducting material on said selenium layer by subjecting the selenium coated metal substrate and said metal plate to a glow discharge.
  • a semiconducting material selected from the group consisting of cadmium sulfide, zinc oxide and zinc sulfide

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
US439807A 1973-02-09 1974-02-05 Method of producing selenium charge electrophotographic recording plates Expired - Lifetime US3901783A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19732306332 DE2306332B2 (de) 1973-02-09 1973-02-09 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines elektrophotographischen Aufzeichnungsmaterials
DE19732306333 DE2306333C3 (de) 1973-02-09 1973-02-09 Elektrofotografische Aufzeichnungsplatte

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3901783A true US3901783A (en) 1975-08-26

Family

ID=25764664

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US439807A Expired - Lifetime US3901783A (en) 1973-02-09 1974-02-05 Method of producing selenium charge electrophotographic recording plates

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US3901783A (ko)
JP (1) JPS5116779B2 (ko)
ES (1) ES423026A1 (ko)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4889746A (en) * 1987-04-18 1989-12-26 Fujitsu Limited Process for manufacturing an optical recording medium

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2189580A (en) * 1937-05-29 1940-02-06 Gen Electric Method of making a photoelectric cell
US2903631A (en) * 1958-06-17 1959-09-08 Gen Electric Selenium cells
US3650737A (en) * 1968-03-25 1972-03-21 Ibm Imaging method using photoconductive element having a protective coating
US3733258A (en) * 1971-02-03 1973-05-15 Rca Corp Sputter-etching technique for recording holograms or other fine-detail relief patterns in hard durable materials

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2886434A (en) * 1955-06-06 1959-05-12 Horizons Inc Protected photoconductive element and method of making same
US3607258A (en) * 1966-01-06 1971-09-21 Xerox Corp Electrophotographic plate and process
FR1602789A (en) * 1968-12-31 1971-01-25 Upholstered chair-seats

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2189580A (en) * 1937-05-29 1940-02-06 Gen Electric Method of making a photoelectric cell
US2903631A (en) * 1958-06-17 1959-09-08 Gen Electric Selenium cells
US3650737A (en) * 1968-03-25 1972-03-21 Ibm Imaging method using photoconductive element having a protective coating
US3733258A (en) * 1971-02-03 1973-05-15 Rca Corp Sputter-etching technique for recording holograms or other fine-detail relief patterns in hard durable materials

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4889746A (en) * 1987-04-18 1989-12-26 Fujitsu Limited Process for manufacturing an optical recording medium

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS49113633A (ko) 1974-10-30
ES423026A1 (es) 1976-10-01
JPS5116779B2 (ko) 1976-05-27

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: ALCATEL N.V., DE LAIRESSESTRAAT 153, 1075 HK AMSTE

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ELECTRIC CORPORATION, A CORP OF DE;REEL/FRAME:004718/0023

Effective date: 19870311