US3898944A - Score and tool for forming the score - Google Patents

Score and tool for forming the score Download PDF

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Publication number
US3898944A
US3898944A US370903A US37090373A US3898944A US 3898944 A US3898944 A US 3898944A US 370903 A US370903 A US 370903A US 37090373 A US37090373 A US 37090373A US 3898944 A US3898944 A US 3898944A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
score
ledge
scoring
face
sheet
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US370903A
Inventor
Jr Albert J Holk
Jerry D Hawkins
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Continental Can Co Inc
Original Assignee
Continental Can Co Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Continental Can Co Inc filed Critical Continental Can Co Inc
Priority to US370903A priority Critical patent/US3898944A/en
Priority to ZA00738819A priority patent/ZA738819B/en
Priority to CA186,585A priority patent/CA1028205A/en
Priority to DE2406306A priority patent/DE2406306C2/en
Priority to JP2221874A priority patent/JPS547508B2/ja
Priority to FR7408833A priority patent/FR2233238B1/fr
Priority to AU68707/74A priority patent/AU475405B2/en
Priority to SE7406183A priority patent/SE411307B/en
Priority to CH743674A priority patent/CH571906A5/xx
Priority to GB2646974A priority patent/GB1472102A/en
Priority to BR4939/74A priority patent/BR7404939D0/en
Priority to DK323474A priority patent/DK323474A/da
Priority to NO742185A priority patent/NO742185L/no
Priority to NL7408172A priority patent/NL7408172A/xx
Priority to IT24105/74A priority patent/IT1015154B/en
Priority to AR254250A priority patent/AR210573A1/en
Priority to US05/567,351 priority patent/US4012935A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3898944A publication Critical patent/US3898944A/en
Priority to CA296,885A priority patent/CA1050416A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D17/00—Forming single grooves in sheet metal or tubular or hollow articles
    • B21D17/02—Forming single grooves in sheet metal or tubular or hollow articles by pressing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D51/00—Making hollow objects
    • B21D51/16—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects
    • B21D51/38—Making inlet or outlet arrangements of cans, tins, baths, bottles, or other vessels; Making can ends; Making closures
    • B21D51/383—Making inlet or outlet arrangements of cans, tins, baths, bottles, or other vessels; Making can ends; Making closures scoring lines, tear strips or pulling tabs

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to scoring of sheet metal to form a weakening line capable of being sev ered by a minimum force.
  • weakening lines are used in containers for defining a removable panel section in the panel of the end closure. These weakening lines are generally formed by scoring in a manner such that the sheet metal is crushed to a predetermined thickness. The crushed thickness remaining is generally designated as the residual.
  • the residual In easy opening container structures it is essential that the residual is maintained at a minimum to facilitate the manual opening of the container. At the same time the residual must be sufficiently strong so as to resist fracture during normal handling so that the container remains tightly sealed until opening.
  • the radial spacing of the anti-fracture score from the primary score or weakening is not always convenient and frequently interferes with other structures which may be incorporated into the end unit.
  • a primary score incorporating an anti-fracture means which is not located in radial spaced relation to the primary score. This is accomplished by a single score having a crosssection including a pair of inclined walls merging to ward a scoring face which is spaced from one surface of the panel to provide a residual capable of being severed. At least one of the inclined walls has two offset sections connected by a land or ledge which is vertically spaced from the scoring face.
  • the above described score cross-section is accomplished by a scoring tool shaped generally complementary to the score.
  • FIG. 1 is a greatly enlarged fragmentary crosssectional view of the scoring tools and the score formed thereby.
  • FIG. 2 is a greatly enlarged photomicrograph of the score formed with the tooling having the structure shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a greatly enlarged fragmentary crosssectional view of another embodiment of the invention.
  • the scoring tool of the present invention comprises a punch 11 and an anvil 12.
  • the punch 11 includes a projecting rib 13 having equilateral inclined sides'14 and 16 which taper toward a horizontally disposed flat scoring face 17.
  • the inclined side wall 14 includes a horizontal land or ledge 18 spaced intermediate the scoring face 17'and the base 19 of the rib 13.
  • the land 18 divides the side wall into two offset and parallel side sections 14a and 14b.
  • the anvil 12 has a flat face 22 located opposite the punch 11 and is adapted to support the sheet metal which may be in the form of an end closure thereon.
  • the punch 11 and anvil 12 are mounted in a press for movement toward and away from each between a closed and open position.
  • the rib l3 Upon movement to the closed position the rib l3 penetrates the surface of the sheet metal so as to score the sheet material by crushing and compressing the material to provide a residual which is of a thickness capable of being severed as by means of a pushing or pulling force applied by a tab or the like.
  • the outline of the score 135 which is formed by the scoring .tool 10 is generally complementary to the outline of the latter.
  • the walls defining the score 138 are designated by the same reference characters as those on the walls of the scoring rib 13 but with suffix S appended thereto.
  • the score 138 includes converging sides 16 and 14a-14b of which the latter are joined by a ledge 185.
  • the bottom of the score has a face 178.
  • the residual X is of a depth capable of being easily severed. Also the land 188 is spaced along the wall 148 so that fracture does not occur along the line.
  • FIG. 2 is a reproduction of a photomicrograph at X magnification through a sheet of metal having a score made by the tooling of the structure shown in FIG. 1. It is to be noted that the displacement of the metal is such that sharp walls and corners are not always formed as shown in FIG. 1. However, the terms parallel flat and inclined as used herein are intended to define the structure of the score shown in the photomicrograph of FIG. 2.
  • the included angle a between the sides 14 and 16 is between about 30 to 90 preferably 50.
  • the distance 2 across the width of flat 17 is preferrably 0.002 inch and the distance y from the score face or flat 17 is about 0.003 inch.
  • the width w of the land or ledge 18 is about 0.006 inch.
  • the scoring tool with the above dimensions was used to score a continuous cast steel sheet having a thickness of about 0.0095 inch.
  • the steel sheet was scored with residuals of about 0.0018 inch residuals without fracture.
  • the scoring tool includes a punch 111 and an anvil 12.
  • a scoring rib 113 projects from the punch 111.
  • a pair of inclined side walls 114 and 116 which taper toward a flat scoring face 117 are each formed with a ledge or land 118.
  • the lands 118 divided the respective side walls 114 and 116 into side wall sections 116a-l1-6b and 114a-114b which are parallel to each other.
  • the punch 111 is forced into engagement with the sheet metal disposed on the anvil 112 in the same mannet as described in connection with the embodiment of FIG. 1.
  • the rib 113 crushes the surface and forms a score 1138 including a bottom flat 1178 and wall sections 114aS and l14bS and l16aS and ll6bS and ledges 1 188.
  • the ledges or lands l 188 serve to displace additional material above the bottom face of the score during the scoring operation thereby apparently to relieve same of the stress associated with the scoring operation.
  • a score formed in sheet of metal comprising a bottom wall, a pair of inclined side walls extending from said bottom wall, and a ledge disposed intermediate the length of at least one of said side walls and interrupting the same.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
  • Accessories And Tools For Shearing Machines (AREA)
  • Rigid Containers With Two Or More Constituent Elements (AREA)
  • Containers Opened By Tearing Frangible Portions (AREA)

Abstract

A score having improved anti-fracture characteristics formed by a scoring punch including inclined sides merging at a flat bottom face. At least one of the sides is formed with a horizontal ledge parallel to the flat scoring face and located in vertical spaced relation from the face.

Description

United States Patent [191 Hollt, Jr. et al.
[ SCORE AND TOOL FOR FORMING THE SCORE [75] Inventors: Albert J. Holk, Jr., Frankfort; Jerry D. Hawkins, Country Club Hills, both of I11.
[73] Assignee: Continental Can Company, Inc.,
New York, NY.
[22] Filed: June 18, 1973 [21] Appl. No.: 370,903
[52] U.S.Cl. 113/1 F; 113/15 A; 113/121 C [51] Int. Cl BZld 51/00 [58] Field of Search......... 29/190; 83/6, 7; 1131/] F,
113/15 A, 15 R, 116 Y, 120 Q, 121 C [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,583,348 6/1971 Brown 113/15 A Aug. 12, 1975 3,728,980 4/1973 Fraze 113/1 F Primary Examiner-C. W. Lanham Assistant ExaminerRobert M. Rogers Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Diller, Brown, Ramik 8L Wight [57] ABSTRACT A score having improved anti-fracture characteristics formed by a scoring punch including inclined sides merging at a flat bottom face. At least one of the sides is formed with a horizontal ledge parallel to the flat scoring face and located in vertical spaced relation from the face.
8 Claims, 3 Drawing Figures sum PATENTEI] AUG] 2W5 PATENTEB 81 2W5 3, 898.944
SHEET 2 FIG.2
SCORE AND TOOL FOR FORMING THE SCORE BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to scoring of sheet metal to form a weakening line capable of being sev ered by a minimum force.
weakening lines are used in containers for defining a removable panel section in the panel of the end closure. These weakening lines are generally formed by scoring in a manner such that the sheet metal is crushed to a predetermined thickness. The crushed thickness remaining is generally designated as the residual. In easy opening container structures it is essential that the residual is maintained at a minimum to facilitate the manual opening of the container. At the same time the residual must be sufficiently strong so as to resist fracture during normal handling so that the container remains tightly sealed until opening.
These conditions have been difficult to achieve and in particular when the end closure is made from a relative non-ductile material such as steel. Although it should be understood that care must also be taken to prevent inadvertent fracture when the material is aluminum.
The fracture during normal handling is believed to be caused by work hardening stresses or the like created during the scoring. I-Ieretofore, it has been common practice to provide an additional score of lesser residual than the primary score. These lesser residual scores are known as anti-fracture scores and are not intended to provide a weakening line along which the end unit panel is to be severed. The anti-fracture scores have been concentrically located in radially spaced relation to the primary score line.
The radial spacing of the anti-fracture score from the primary score or weakening is not always convenient and frequently interferes with other structures which may be incorporated into the end unit.
By the present invention there is provided a primary score incorporating an anti-fracture means which is not located in radial spaced relation to the primary score. This is accomplished by a single score having a crosssection including a pair of inclined walls merging to ward a scoring face which is spaced from one surface of the panel to provide a residual capable of being severed. At least one of the inclined walls has two offset sections connected by a land or ledge which is vertically spaced from the scoring face.
The above described score cross-section is accomplished by a scoring tool shaped generally complementary to the score.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a greatly enlarged fragmentary crosssectional view of the scoring tools and the score formed thereby.
FIG. 2 is a greatly enlarged photomicrograph of the score formed with the tooling having the structure shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a greatly enlarged fragmentary crosssectional view of another embodiment of the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT As shown the scoring tool of the present invention comprises a punch 11 and an anvil 12. The punch 11 includes a projecting rib 13 having equilateral inclined sides'14 and 16 which taper toward a horizontally disposed flat scoring face 17. The inclined side wall 14 includes a horizontal land or ledge 18 spaced intermediate the scoring face 17'and the base 19 of the rib 13. The land 18 divides the side wall into two offset and parallel side sections 14a and 14b.
The anvil 12 has a flat face 22 located opposite the punch 11 and is adapted to support the sheet metal which may be in the form of an end closure thereon. The punch 11 and anvil 12 are mounted in a press for movement toward and away from each between a closed and open position.
Upon movement to the closed position the rib l3 penetrates the surface of the sheet metal so as to score the sheet material by crushing and compressing the material to provide a residual which is of a thickness capable of being severed as by means of a pushing or pulling force applied by a tab or the like. The outline of the score 135 which is formed by the scoring .tool 10 is generally complementary to the outline of the latter.
For convenience the walls defining the score 138 are designated by the same reference characters as those on the walls of the scoring rib 13 but with suffix S appended thereto. The score 138 includes converging sides 16 and 14a-14b of which the latter are joined by a ledge 185. The bottom of the score has a face 178.
It is to be noted that the residual X is of a depth capable of being easily severed. Also the land 188 is spaced along the wall 148 so that fracture does not occur along the line.
FIG. 2 is a reproduction of a photomicrograph at X magnification through a sheet of metal having a score made by the tooling of the structure shown in FIG. 1. It is to be noted that the displacement of the metal is such that sharp walls and corners are not always formed as shown in FIG. 1. However, the terms parallel flat and inclined as used herein are intended to define the structure of the score shown in the photomicrograph of FIG. 2.
In the preferred form of the invention the included angle a between the sides 14 and 16 is between about 30 to 90 preferably 50. The distance 2 across the width of flat 17 is preferrably 0.002 inch and the distance y from the score face or flat 17 is about 0.003 inch. The width w of the land or ledge 18 is about 0.006 inch.
The scoring tool with the above dimensions was used to score a continuous cast steel sheet having a thickness of about 0.0095 inch. The steel sheet was scored with residuals of about 0.0018 inch residuals without fracture.
This was an improvement over the scores obtained with a convention score tool having an angle of 50 between the side walls. Such conventional score tools were used with the same type of sheet steel and excessive fracturing occured with residuals of about 0.0028 inch. This is an increase of about 0.0010 inch in residual which may adversely affect the opening characteristics of the easy-opening container with which the score is intended to be used.
Referring now to FIG. 3 there is shown another embodiment of the invention. As shown the scoring tool includes a punch 111 and an anvil 12. A scoring rib 113 projects from the punch 111. A pair of inclined side walls 114 and 116 which taper toward a flat scoring face 117 are each formed with a ledge or land 118.
The lands 118 divided the respective side walls 114 and 116 into side wall sections 116a-l1-6b and 114a-114b which are parallel to each other.
The punch 111 is forced into engagement with the sheet metal disposed on the anvil 112 in the same mannet as described in connection with the embodiment of FIG. 1. The rib 113 crushes the surface and forms a score 1138 including a bottom flat 1178 and wall sections 114aS and l14bS and l16aS and ll6bS and ledges 1 188. The ledges or lands l 188 serve to displace additional material above the bottom face of the score during the scoring operation thereby apparently to relieve same of the stress associated with the scoring operation.
What is claimed is:
1. A score formed in sheet of metal comprising a bottom wall, a pair of inclined side walls extending from said bottom wall, and a ledge disposed intermediate the length of at least one of said side walls and interrupting the same.
2. A score as defined in claim 1 wherein a ledge interrupts each of said side walls.
3. The invention of claim 1 wherein said sheet of metal is a panel of a container end closure.
4. The invention of claim 1 wherein the incline of said one side wall is the same below and above said ledge.
5. The invention of claim 1 wherein said ledge is substantially parallel to said bottom wall.
6. The invention of claim 1 wherein said ledge is of a width approximately 3 times the width of said bottom wall.
7. The invention of claim 1 wherein said ledge is of a width of about 0.006 inch.
8. The invention of claim 1 wherein said ledge and an upper part of said one side wall defines an anti-fracture score portion.

Claims (8)

1. A score formed in sheet of metal comprising a bottom wall, a pair of inclined side walls extending from said bottom wall, and a ledge disposed intermediate the length of at least one of said side walls and interrupting the same.
2. A score as defined in claim 1 wherein a ledge interrupts each of said side walls.
3. The invention of claim 1 wherein said sheet of metal is a panel of a container end closure.
4. The invention of claim 1 wherein the incline of said one side wall is the same below and above said ledge.
5. The invention of claim 1 wherein said ledge is substantially parallel to said bottom wall.
6. The invention of claim 1 wherein said ledge is of a width approximately 3 times the width of said bottom wall.
7. The invention of claim 1 wherein said ledge is of a width of about 0.006 inch.
8. The invention of claim 1 wherein said ledge and an upper part of said one side wall defines an anti-fracture score portion.
US370903A 1973-06-18 1973-06-18 Score and tool for forming the score Expired - Lifetime US3898944A (en)

Priority Applications (18)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US370903A US3898944A (en) 1973-06-18 1973-06-18 Score and tool for forming the score
ZA00738819A ZA738819B (en) 1973-06-18 1973-11-19 Score and tool for forming the score
CA186,585A CA1028205A (en) 1973-06-18 1973-11-23 Score and tool for forming the score
DE2406306A DE2406306C2 (en) 1973-06-18 1974-02-09 Process for embossing the tear-open section of a tear-open lid and tool for carrying out the process
JP2221874A JPS547508B2 (en) 1973-06-18 1974-02-25
FR7408833A FR2233238B1 (en) 1973-06-18 1974-03-15
AU68707/74A AU475405B2 (en) 1973-06-18 1974-05-08 Score and tool for forming the score
SE7406183A SE411307B (en) 1973-06-18 1974-05-09 CUTTING STAMP FOR FORMING A CUT IN A METAL SHEET, PREFERABLY INTENDED TO MAKE A FINAL FINISH IN A CAN
CH743674A CH571906A5 (en) 1973-06-18 1974-05-30
GB2646974A GB1472102A (en) 1973-06-18 1974-06-14 Scoring metal sheet
DK323474A DK323474A (en) 1973-06-18 1974-06-17
NO742185A NO742185L (en) 1973-06-18 1974-06-17
BR4939/74A BR7404939D0 (en) 1973-06-18 1974-06-17 SLOTTING PUNCAO TO FORM A SLOT IN A METALLIC SHEET AND ITS SLOT
IT24105/74A IT1015154B (en) 1973-06-18 1974-06-18 TOOL FOR FORMING NOTCHES IN A SHEET MATERIAL
NL7408172A NL7408172A (en) 1973-06-18 1974-06-18
AR254250A AR210573A1 (en) 1973-06-18 1974-06-18 MARKER STAMP TO FORM A MARK ON A METAL SHEET
US05/567,351 US4012935A (en) 1973-06-18 1975-04-11 Score and tool for forming the score
CA296,885A CA1050416A (en) 1973-06-18 1978-02-15 Score and tool for forming the score

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US370903A US3898944A (en) 1973-06-18 1973-06-18 Score and tool for forming the score

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US05/567,351 Division US4012935A (en) 1973-06-18 1975-04-11 Score and tool for forming the score

Publications (1)

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US3898944A true US3898944A (en) 1975-08-12

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US370903A Expired - Lifetime US3898944A (en) 1973-06-18 1973-06-18 Score and tool for forming the score

Country Status (16)

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US (1) US3898944A (en)
JP (1) JPS547508B2 (en)
AR (1) AR210573A1 (en)
AU (1) AU475405B2 (en)
BR (1) BR7404939D0 (en)
CA (1) CA1028205A (en)
CH (1) CH571906A5 (en)
DE (1) DE2406306C2 (en)
DK (1) DK323474A (en)
FR (1) FR2233238B1 (en)
GB (1) GB1472102A (en)
IT (1) IT1015154B (en)
NL (1) NL7408172A (en)
NO (1) NO742185L (en)
SE (1) SE411307B (en)
ZA (1) ZA738819B (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4216736A (en) * 1979-02-02 1980-08-12 Boise Cascade Corporation Method and apparatus for forming no-fin scored metal ends
US4258859A (en) * 1979-02-02 1981-03-31 Boise Cascade Corporation No-fin scored metal ends for containers
US4558585A (en) * 1984-03-19 1985-12-17 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Ultrasonic angle beam standard reflector
US20070267423A1 (en) * 2004-09-27 2007-11-22 Jfe Steel Corporation Mold Device, Easy-Open End, Method of Manufacturing Easy-Open End, and Laminated Steel Sheet for Easy-Open End
US8122747B2 (en) 2008-06-03 2012-02-28 Stolle Machinery Company, Llc Can end scoring method, and tooling assembly and conversion press therefor

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3319949A1 (en) * 1983-06-01 1984-12-06 Schmalbach-Lubeca Gmbh, 3300 Braunschweig METHOD AND ARRANGEMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF TEARING LINES IN METAL SHEETS, IN PART. FOR THE PRODUCTION OF Tear-off Lids FOR CAN OR THE LIKE CONTAINER

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3583348A (en) * 1968-03-29 1971-06-08 Fraze Ermal C Method of making an easy opening container wall
US3728980A (en) * 1971-02-10 1973-04-24 Fraze Ermal C Scoring die

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3339789A (en) * 1965-06-14 1967-09-05 Stolle Corp Scored metal can

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3583348A (en) * 1968-03-29 1971-06-08 Fraze Ermal C Method of making an easy opening container wall
US3728980A (en) * 1971-02-10 1973-04-24 Fraze Ermal C Scoring die

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4216736A (en) * 1979-02-02 1980-08-12 Boise Cascade Corporation Method and apparatus for forming no-fin scored metal ends
US4258859A (en) * 1979-02-02 1981-03-31 Boise Cascade Corporation No-fin scored metal ends for containers
US4558585A (en) * 1984-03-19 1985-12-17 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Ultrasonic angle beam standard reflector
US20070267423A1 (en) * 2004-09-27 2007-11-22 Jfe Steel Corporation Mold Device, Easy-Open End, Method of Manufacturing Easy-Open End, and Laminated Steel Sheet for Easy-Open End
US7871230B2 (en) * 2004-09-27 2011-01-18 Jfe Steel Corporation Mold device, easy-open end, method of manufacturing easy-open end, and laminated steel sheet for easy-open end
US8122747B2 (en) 2008-06-03 2012-02-28 Stolle Machinery Company, Llc Can end scoring method, and tooling assembly and conversion press therefor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ZA738819B (en) 1975-06-25
GB1472102A (en) 1977-05-04
AU6870774A (en) 1975-11-13
NO742185L (en) 1975-01-13
NL7408172A (en) 1974-12-20
SE7406183L (en) 1974-12-19
AU475405B2 (en) 1976-08-19
JPS5028072A (en) 1975-03-22
IT1015154B (en) 1977-05-10
JPS547508B2 (en) 1979-04-07
DE2406306C2 (en) 1984-05-17
CA1028205A (en) 1978-03-21
BR7404939D0 (en) 1975-01-07
FR2233238B1 (en) 1980-03-14
AR210573A1 (en) 1977-08-31
DE2406306A1 (en) 1975-01-09
SE411307B (en) 1979-12-17
CH571906A5 (en) 1976-01-30
DK323474A (en) 1975-02-17
FR2233238A1 (en) 1975-01-10

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