US3898602A - Enclosed, non-vented expulsion fuse - Google Patents

Enclosed, non-vented expulsion fuse Download PDF

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Publication number
US3898602A
US3898602A US436644A US43664474A US3898602A US 3898602 A US3898602 A US 3898602A US 436644 A US436644 A US 436644A US 43664474 A US43664474 A US 43664474A US 3898602 A US3898602 A US 3898602A
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United States
Prior art keywords
fuse
fuse holder
link
holder
chamber
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US436644A
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English (en)
Inventor
Gary Lee Schurter
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Thomas and Betts Holdings Inc
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Deutsche ITT Industries GmbH
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Priority to US436644A priority Critical patent/US3898602A/en
Priority to CA218,554A priority patent/CA1023416A/en
Priority to JP1037975A priority patent/JPS5436729B2/ja
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Publication of US3898602A publication Critical patent/US3898602A/en
Assigned to ITT CORPORATION reassignment ITT CORPORATION CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH CORPORATION
Assigned to FL INDUSTRIES, INC., A CORP. OF N.J. reassignment FL INDUSTRIES, INC., A CORP. OF N.J. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: ITT CORPORATION, 320 PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10022, A CORP. OF DE.
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/38—Means for extinguishing or suppressing arc
    • H01H85/42—Means for extinguishing or suppressing arc using an arc-extinguishing gas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H31/00—Air-break switches for high tension without arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H31/02—Details
    • H01H31/12—Adaptation for built-in fuse
    • H01H31/122—Fuses mounted on, or constituting the movable contact parts of, the switch
    • H01H31/127—Drop-out fuses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/43—Means for exhausting or absorbing gases liberated by fusing arc, or for ventilating excess pressure generated by heating

Definitions

  • the fuse holder includes an inner [21] pp 0 36 tube lining of organic material of the type which decomposes in the presence of an arc which results when 337/279; 337/ the fusible element of the fuse link melts or blows.
  • Int. Cl. H0111 85/38 The decomposition of the organic material evolves a Field of Search turbulent, high-pressure, high-temperature permanent 337/278, 27 05 gas which acts to extinguish the arc.
  • the fuse holder is enclosed except at one end thereof wherein the gas is [56] References Cited discharged from the fuse holder through an opening at UNITED STATES PATENTS said one end.
  • the opening is closed into an enclosed 2,752,458 6 1956 B k 337/280 Chamber which receives the gas discharged from the 3230331 111966 fi g 337/279 fuse holder.
  • the enclosed chamber has a thermal- 3,391,368 7/1968 Fahnoe 337/280 qu n ing m dium i p se therein. 3,415,963 12/1968 Stacy, Jr. et al across 337/273 3,719,912 3/1973 Harner 61 al 337/273 8 Clams 3 D'awmg F'gures PATENTEU AUG 51975 SHEET FIG.
  • expulsion fuses are well-known as exemplified in The Expulsion Fuse, .l. Slepian and C. L. Denault, A.I.E.E., Transactions, Volume 51, page 157, 1932.
  • Expulsion fuses have been used extensively in overhead distribution systems in the form of overhead fuse cutouts.
  • the overhead fuse cutout can'be considered as a meltable weak-link fuse installedvin a relatively long tube lined with an organic material such as horn fiber.
  • an abnormal condition in current such as an overload or high-current fault, the link melts or blows, and an are forms in the resulting gap.
  • the normal energy loss from the arc is sufficient to decompose a portion of the organic liner into a high-pressure, highly turbulent gas which acts on the core of the arc to sufficiently cool and de-ionize the arc gap and thusly effect circuit interruption at a current zero.
  • the resulting high-energy, high-pressure gas is expulsed into the atmosphere in a loud, explosive and luminous cloud.
  • expulsion-type distribution fuses and cutouts are not only objectionable for many overhead applications due to, for example, environmental considerations, but also effectively preclude the use of an expulsion type fuse in underground distribution systems. That is, for underground distribution applications, the fuse must generally be insulated during operation for safety reasons as well as hermetically sealed to protect it from its environment. Consequently, the present practice in the art of underground distribution systems is to provide periodic above-ground overhead cutout fuses at those locations where a fuse is otherwise required. The installation usually necessitates the use ofa pole of sufficient height to v safely accommodate the overhead expulsion-type cutout fuse. This practice obviously does not provide a completely underground distribution system.
  • the K and T links became known as universal links in that fuse links made by the various manufacturers were electrically and mechanically interchangeable.
  • Today, the K and T links account for a clear majority of all the fusable elements being utilized in power distribution systems.
  • any underground distribution system fuse must duplicate or closely correspond to the time-current characteristics of the ubiquitous, universal K and T" fuse links.
  • Another known form of distribution fuse suitable for use in some underground distribution systems is the oil expulsion fuse. These fuses have the disadvantages of low current interrupt levels and the hazard of using oil as an interrupt medium. Further, as in the case of the current-limiting fuse, the associated fuse element (link) is not mechanically and electrically interchangeable with the above-described K and T fuse links.
  • a third prior art fuse type which avoids the characteristic violent operation of an overhead expulsion fuse is the boric acid fuse.
  • the boric acid fuse is exemplified in: The Expulsion Fuse, supra, and a A Noiseless and Flamless High-Voltage Fuse, The Electrical Journal, July, 1932.
  • These fuses utilize a specifically designed fuse element (link) which is disposed in a boric acid fuse liner. When the fuse element of the boric acid fuse melts, an arc develops across the resulting gap, and the gas given off by the boric acid is water vapor which is easily condensible to a liquid.
  • these fuses have the disadvantages of high initial cost, high fuselink replacement cost and that the time-current characteristics of thev fuse elements are not the same as the above-mentioned NEMA K" and T characteristics.
  • the present invention overcomes the problems and disadvantages of prior art fuses by providing an enclosed, non-vented expulsion fuse for use with unversal fuse links having standard NEMA K and T timecurrent characteristics. Accordingly, the expulsion fuse is suitable for use in underground distribution systems,
  • an enclosed, non-vented expulsion fuse structure for use with universal fuse links.
  • the fuse link is of the type having a meltable link surrounded by a tubular member of a material which decomposes in the presence of an arc, and wherein an arc is drawn in the tubular member when the meltable link melts or blows.
  • the fuse structure comprises in combination a fuse holder for receiving the fuse link. and the fuse holder includes a liner of a material of the type wherein energy loss from the arc decomposes a portion of the liner into a turbulent, high-pressure, hightemperature gas.
  • Means are provided for enclosing the fuse holder except at one end thereof wherein the gas is dis-charged from the fuse holder through an opening at said one end. Means are also provided for closing the opening at said one end into a substantially enclosed chamber.
  • the chamber receives the gas discharged from the fuse holder and the chamber has a thermal quenching medium disposed therein.
  • FIG. I is a side view of a typical universal fuse link
  • FIG. 2 provides curves illustrating the time-current characterists of a typical expulsion fuse using a universal fuse, and a typical current-limiting fuse;
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a preferred embodiment of an expulsion fuse in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a typical universal distribution fuse link of the type defined by the American National Standard Institution specification C 37.43-1969.
  • the fuse link includes a button head cap 1 whose diameter varies in accordance with the continuous current rating of the fuse link. For example, in the range of 1-50 amperes, the diameter of button head cap 1 is defined as either one-half or three-fourths inch. In the range of 551 amperes, the diameter of button head cap 1 is specified as threefourths inch, etc.
  • a typical fuse link such as fuse link 10 of FIG. 1 further includes a threaded member 2 which threadedly engages button head cap I on one end and a meltable or fusible element 3 on the other end.
  • Meltable link 3 normally comprises a metallic element of reduced cross-section of another material such as copper, tin or silver.
  • a mechanical strain wire 4, or a material such as stainless steel or other high melting temperature material bridges fusible element 3 and thereby prevents separation until fuse link 3 has melted.
  • a suitable member 5 accepts the lower ends of fusible elemeiit'3 and strain wire 4 at one of its ends and a flexible lead 6 at the other end.
  • Flexible lead 6 normally comprises a bundle of stranded or braided fine copper wires.
  • a typical universal distribution fuse link such as fuse link 10 of FIG. I, normally includes a tubular member 7 which is fixedly mounted at one of its ends to member 2.
  • the tubularmember is usually composed of fibrous organic material, such as a horn fiber or wrapped fish paper, and has an outside diameter which varies in accordance with the continuous current rating of the fuse link. For example, for current values between I and 50 amperes, the outside diameter of tubular member 7 must be such that the fuse link will freely enter a fuse holder having an inside diameter of five-sixteenths inch. Similarly, for current ratings between 55 and amperes, the fuse link must freely enter a fuse holder having an inside diameter of seven-sixteenths inch.
  • the function of tubular member 7 is to provide an arcextinguishing or arc-responsive material to extinguish arcs under low current faults. That is, such a tubular member is necessary to extinguish low current arcs which would not be easily extinguished by the larger internal diameter of the fuse tube of the fuse holder.
  • Universal fuse links such as the type depicted in FIG. 1 are identified in accordance with two types.
  • the first type is the type K for fast fuse links.
  • Type I(" fuse links have a speed ratio of the melting time-current characteristics (that is, melting time to current rating) varying from 6 for the 6-ampere rating to 8.l for the ZOO-ampere rating.
  • the second type or type T" the speed ratio of the melting time-current characteristics vary from 10 for the 6-ampere rating to 13 for the 200- ampere rating. It should be noted that the terms fast and slow are used only to indicate the relative speeds of K and T fuse links.
  • FIG. 2 there is shown a graph of the time-current characteristics of a universal fuse link and a current limiting fuse.
  • Curve A illustrates the time-current characteristics of a universal fuse link having a given continuous current rating.
  • Curve B illustrates the time-current characteristics of a currentlimiting fuse having a given continuous current rating.
  • time is plotted along the ordinate whereas current is plotted along the abscissa.
  • curves A and B illustrate the clearing time for various current levels.
  • Fuse structure 100 includes a generally tubular or cylindrical fuse holder 104.
  • Fuse holder 104 includes a tube liner 106, preferably of organic material of the type wherein energy loss from an arc in the tube decomposes a portion of the tube liner into a turbulent, high-pressure, hightemperature permanent gas.
  • Suitable materials for liner 106 include bone or horn fiber, and polyoxymethylene (acetal); however, equally successful results should be obtainable from tube liners composed of other known arc-extinguishing materials such as nylon, nylon with molybdenum disulfide, polymethacrylate, boric acid, or other suitable arc-extinguishing materials known to the art.
  • fuse holder 104 may be eliminated entirely if tube liner 106 is otherwise provided of a material of sufficient mechanical strength. In this case, fuse holder 104 itself provides a tube liner of arc-responsive material. Tube liner 106 and fuse holder 104 also function as suitable insulating materials to electrically isolate fuse terminals disposed on opposite ends of the fuse holder structure.
  • fuse holder 104 The upper end (with respect to FIG. 3) of fuse holder 104 is suitably fastened to a cylindrical terminal member 108.
  • the outer surface of terminal member 108 is provided with threads which threadedly engage the inner threads'of a terminal cap 110.
  • the dimension of terminal cap 110 is provided with sufficient height to securedly fasten button head cap 112 of fuse 102 to terminal member 108.
  • Terminal member 108 and terminal cap 110 also function to provide a gas-tight seal at the upper end of fuse holder 104, and means for providing an electrical connection to one end of fuse link 102.
  • a flexible lead 114 of fuse link 102 is routed externally of fuse holder 104 and suitably fastened to a lower terminal 116 as by way of fastening means 118.
  • Lower terminal 116 also includes fastening means shown generally at 120 for coupling lower terminal 116 to an external circuit.
  • Lower terminal 116 sealingly engages fuse holder 104 and threadedly engages an upper portion of enclosed chamber 122.
  • the threaded engagement of lower terminal 116 to chamber 122 also provides a gas-tight seal.
  • a thermal quenching medium 124 Disposed within chamber 122, there is provided a thermal quenching medium 124.
  • Quenching medium 124 may comprise any one of a number of suitable media or materials such as copper screen rolled into a cylindrical form steel screen alone or as provided with a nickel plating, palladium plated copper screen, etc. However, it should be appreciated that the medium 124 may also comprise other suitable materials including finely divided ceramic powders such as A1 0 or SiO or, small, specially-formed, noncompacting pieces of copper screen commonly known as burl saddles. In operation, quenching medium 124 acts to absorb thermal energy from the energized gases impinging thereon and at a sufficiently fast rate to prevent thermal or mechanical damage to chamber 122.
  • fuse holder 104 is provided with means for enclosing the fuse holder except at a lower end thereon wherein gas is discharged from the fuse holder through the lower opening. It should also be appreciated that chamber 122 provides means for enclosing the lower opening of fuse tube 104 into an enclosed chamber which receives the gas discharged from fuse holder 104.
  • fuse structure 100 is suitably connected between the line and load of a power distribution system by way of the terminals provided at opposite ends of fuse holder 104.
  • fuse structure 100 Upon sensing an abnormal condition in current, such as an overload or high current fault, the fusible member of fuse link 102 melts or is vaporized and an are forms in the resulting gap.
  • the thermal energy loss from the arc decomposes a portion of the fuse tube liner 106 into a high-pressure, hightemperature turbulent gas, which, in turn, acts on the core of the arc to sufficiently cool and deionize the gap and thus effect circuit interruption at a current zero.
  • the flexible lead 114 of fuse link 102 drops out from fuse holder 104 either due to the resulting gas pressure, or as assisted by an extractor spring (not shown).
  • Quenching medium 124 acts at a rate which is sufficient to quickly cool and drop the pressure of the gas before the gas can cause thermal or mechanical damage to the totally enclosed chamber 122.
  • fuse structure 100 provides expulsion fuse operation within a totally enclosed or non-vented housing while using universal fuse links and which operates in a non-violent manner.
  • chamber 122 is illustrated as being totally enclosed, a pressure relief valve may be provided on a suitable surface of chamber 122 so as to bleed off any resulting residual gas pressure, once the fuse clears. Accordingly, the structure can be disassembled to facilitate the installation of a new fuse link without the presence of residual gas pressure which might otherwise endanger the operator.
  • a fuse link extender can be provided to lower the relative position of fuse link 102 within fuse holder 104.
  • the extender may take the form of a rod having a diameter on the order of the fuse link and a threaded bore at one end to accept the threaded portion of member 2 of FIG. 1, and a threaded portion to engage button head cap 1 of FIG. 1.
  • This fuse extender technique is known to the art of overhead cutouts, as exemplified in U.S. Pat. No. 2,816,979.
  • An enclosed, non-vented expulsion fuse structure for use with a fuse link of the type having a meltable link surrounded by an integral tubular member of are responsive material and wherein an arc is drawn in said tubular member when said meltable link melts, said fuse link normally having a button head fastener threadedly engaging a first end thereof and an integral flexible lead extending from said tubular member at the opposite end thereof, said fuse structure comprising, in combination:
  • a fuse holder for receiving said fuse link, said fuse holder having a liner of a material of the type wherein energy loss from said are decomposes a portion of said liner into a turbulent, high-pressure, high-temperature gas;
  • fuse structure according to claim 1, wherein said fuse holder comprises a generally tubular member of organic material.
  • An enclosed, non-vented expulsion fuse structure comprising, in combination:
  • a fuse link of the type having a meltable link surrounded by an integral tubular member of arcresponsive material and wherein an arc is drawn in said tubular member when said meltable link melts said fuse link having a threaded first end thereof and an integral flexible lead extending from said tubular member at the opposite end thereof;
  • a fuse holder for receiving said fuse link, said fuse holder having a liner of a material of the type wherein energy loss from said arc decomposes a portion of said liner into a turbulent, high-pressure, high-temperature gas;
  • fuse structure according to claim 4 wherein said fuse holder is of a material of the type wherein energy loss from said are decomposes a portion of said fuse holder into a turbulent, high-pressure, hightemperature gas, whereby said fuse holder incorporates said liner.
  • An enclosed, non-vented expulsion fuse structure for use with a fuse link of the type having a meltable link surrounded by an integral tubular member of arcresponsive material and wherein an arc is drawn in said tubular member'when said meltable link melts, said fuse link normally having a button head fastener engaging a first end thereof and an integral flexible lead extending from said tubular member at the opposite end thereof, said fuse structure comprising, in combination:
  • a fuse holder for receiving said fuse link said fuse holder comprising a material of the type wherein energy loss from said are decomposes a portion of said fuse holder into a turbulent, high-pressure, high-temperature gas;
  • An enclosed non-vented expulsion-type fuse structure comprising, in combination:
  • a fuse holder for receiving a universal fuse link said fuse link having an integral tubular member of arcresponsive material and normally having a button head fastener threadedly engaging a first end thereof and an integral flexible lead extending from the said tubular member at the opposite end thereof;

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US436644A 1974-01-25 1974-01-25 Enclosed, non-vented expulsion fuse Expired - Lifetime US3898602A (en)

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US436644A US3898602A (en) 1974-01-25 1974-01-25 Enclosed, non-vented expulsion fuse
CA218,554A CA1023416A (en) 1974-01-25 1975-01-24 Enclosed, non-vented expulsion fuse
JP1037975A JPS5436729B2 (no) 1974-01-25 1975-01-24

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3965452A (en) * 1975-04-01 1976-06-22 S & C Electric Company Exhaust control device for circuit interrupting devices
US4035755A (en) * 1975-09-16 1977-07-12 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Non-venting expulsion fuse
US20100033295A1 (en) * 2008-08-05 2010-02-11 Therm-O-Disc, Incorporated High temperature thermal cutoff device
US20120019347A1 (en) * 2010-07-20 2012-01-26 Cooper Technologies Company Fuse Link Auxiliary Tube Improvement
US9171654B2 (en) 2012-06-15 2015-10-27 Therm-O-Disc, Incorporated High thermal stability pellet compositions for thermal cutoff devices and methods for making and use thereof

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2752458A (en) * 1952-07-26 1956-06-26 Westinghouse Electric Corp Circuit interrupters
US3230331A (en) * 1965-04-26 1966-01-18 S & C Electric Co Circuit interrupter construction with improved condenser
US3391368A (en) * 1968-01-22 1968-07-02 S & C Electric Co Condenser for circuit interrupter causing flow of condensible gas
US3415963A (en) * 1964-05-15 1968-12-10 Dow Chemical Co Ethyl cellulose composition for use in arc extinguishing apparatus
US3719912A (en) * 1971-10-26 1973-03-06 S & C Electric Co Exhaust control device for circuit interrupting devices

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2752458A (en) * 1952-07-26 1956-06-26 Westinghouse Electric Corp Circuit interrupters
US3415963A (en) * 1964-05-15 1968-12-10 Dow Chemical Co Ethyl cellulose composition for use in arc extinguishing apparatus
US3230331A (en) * 1965-04-26 1966-01-18 S & C Electric Co Circuit interrupter construction with improved condenser
US3391368A (en) * 1968-01-22 1968-07-02 S & C Electric Co Condenser for circuit interrupter causing flow of condensible gas
US3719912A (en) * 1971-10-26 1973-03-06 S & C Electric Co Exhaust control device for circuit interrupting devices

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3965452A (en) * 1975-04-01 1976-06-22 S & C Electric Company Exhaust control device for circuit interrupting devices
US4035755A (en) * 1975-09-16 1977-07-12 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Non-venting expulsion fuse
US20100033295A1 (en) * 2008-08-05 2010-02-11 Therm-O-Disc, Incorporated High temperature thermal cutoff device
US8961832B2 (en) 2008-08-05 2015-02-24 Therm-O-Disc, Incorporated High temperature material compositions for high temperature thermal cutoff devices
US9779901B2 (en) 2008-08-05 2017-10-03 Therm-O-Disc, Incorporated High temperature material compositions for high temperature thermal cutoff devices
US20120019347A1 (en) * 2010-07-20 2012-01-26 Cooper Technologies Company Fuse Link Auxiliary Tube Improvement
US9171654B2 (en) 2012-06-15 2015-10-27 Therm-O-Disc, Incorporated High thermal stability pellet compositions for thermal cutoff devices and methods for making and use thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS50108547A (no) 1975-08-27
JPS5436729B2 (no) 1979-11-10
CA1023416A (en) 1977-12-27

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Owner name: ITT CORPORATION

Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004389/0606

Effective date: 19831122

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Owner name: FL INDUSTRIES, INC., 220 SUTH ORANGE AVENUE, LIVIN

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:ITT CORPORATION, 320 PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10022, ACORP. OF DE.;REEL/FRAME:004453/0578

Effective date: 19850629