US3897252A - Photochromic imaging utilizing tetrazolium compounds - Google Patents
Photochromic imaging utilizing tetrazolium compounds Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3897252A US3897252A US421180A US42118073A US3897252A US 3897252 A US3897252 A US 3897252A US 421180 A US421180 A US 421180A US 42118073 A US42118073 A US 42118073A US 3897252 A US3897252 A US 3897252A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- tetrazolium
- light
- composition
- water
- compound
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/72—Photosensitive compositions not covered by the groups G03C1/005 - G03C1/705
- G03C1/73—Photosensitive compositions not covered by the groups G03C1/005 - G03C1/705 containing organic compounds
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S430/00—Radiation imagery chemistry: process, composition, or product thereof
- Y10S430/163—Radiation-chromic compound
Definitions
- the present invention provides materials which may be readily imaged by actinic light exposoure, and provides a simple means for fixing such images and thus eliminates a serious disadvantage of prior photochromic imaging methods.
- the invention utilizes a tetrazolium compound to provide a coating composition which, upon imagewise exposure to actinic light, yields a colored image comprising an oxidizable chromotropic formazan compound. Subsequent to such a formation of formazan compound, the imaged layer is contacted with an oxidizing agent which readily yields distinctly colored reduction products, preferably of a permanent, insoluble nature.
- an oxidizing agent is an aqueous solution of a ferric ferricyanide complex which, upon contact with the oxidizable formazan image, provides a similar imagewise disposition of highly colored water-insoluble ferric ferrocyanide.
- a water rinse may be utilized during the processing of the imaged sheet to remove soluble unexposed tetrazolium composition and ensure a clean, stable background for the permanent, nonfading color image in the coated material.
- tetrazolium compounds useful in the present invention are commercially available as the chloride or bromide salts. Due to the availability of useful compatible coating binders and adjuncts of a hydrophilic nature, and in view of the economy of aqueous coating and processing vehicles, the more water soluble of these compounds are preferred. Of particular utility in this respect are the 2,3,5-triphenyl-ZI-I-tetrazolium chloride and 3,3-(4,4'-biphenylene)-bis-(2,5- diphenyl)-2H-tetrazolium chloride (or neotetrazolium chloride) compounds whose photochemically derived formazans are respectively red and purple.
- tetrazolium salts which may be employed in the compositions of the present invention include 3,3 dianisole-bis-4,4'-(3,5-diphenyl) tetrazolium chloride; 2,5-diphenyl-3-( 1-naphthyl)-2I-I-tetrazolium chloride; 2-(p-iodophenyl)-3-(p-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl-2H- tetrazolium chloride; 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2-)-2,5- diphenyl-ZH-tetrazolium bromide; and (2,2'-di-pnitrophenyl-5,5'-di-p-thiocarbamylphenyl-3,3)-(3,3- dimethoxy-4,4'-biphenylene) ditetrazolium chloride.
- tetrazolium compounds are combined in coatable compositions, preferably in the form of solutions containing coating aids or binder materials such as gelatin, and the resulting composition is coated, with subsequent drying, upon any of a number of available base sheet supports used in the photographic industry.
- coating aids or binder materials such as gelatin
- supports of a cellulosic character such as paper, regenerated cellulose, and the like.
- This preferable condition can further be enhanced by the incorporation in the coating composition of electron donor compounds such as sodium formate, dextrose, glycerin, or glycols. Glycerin and glycol humectant components have been found to be particularly useful in the present compositions due to their additional ability to retain moisture within the coated composition and thereby provide yet another desirable property in the medium for the colorforming photochromic reaction.
- a water rinse of the material thus imaged effectively removes a substantial portion of the unexposed tetrazolium compound from the composition in preparation for the application of a color-forming oxidizing agent to effect a fixing of the image defined by the disposition of formazan compound in the coated layer. While such a prerinse is not necessary to the fixing of the formazan image, it is preferred in order to remove soluble tetrazolium compounds and thus limit adulteration of the subsequently applied fixing solution.
- Fixing of the image to prevent color loss from oxidation and reversion to the less vivid tetrazolium form is then accomplished by the application of an oxidizing agent, preferably in aqueous solution, which, in the process of oxidizing the formazan image material, is itself reduced to an intensely colored insoluble form which replaces entirely, or depending upon the concentration of the oxidizer in the fixing solution, mixes with the colored formazan product to provide a permanent image of a preferred neutral tone.
- an oxidizing agent preferably in aqueous solution
- aqueous solution which, in the process of oxidizing the formazan image material, is itself reduced to an intensely colored insoluble form which replaces entirely, or depending upon the concentration of the oxidizer in the fixing solution, mixes with the colored formazan product to provide a permanent image of a preferred neutral tone.
- an oxidizing agent preferably in aqueous solution
- a means by which the color tone of the final fixed image may be varied when using such a fixing agent resides in the extent of the original light exposure, particularly with those tetrazolium compounds yielding red or similar warm-toned formazan products. Thus, less intensive light exposures result in the cooler, more neutral tone final images.
- the insoluble character of the fixed image material allows for a final water rinse which is preferred in most circumstances to thoroughly cleanse the imaged material of the various applied reactants as well as, in some circumstances, to remove unexposed coated material to yield useful relief images.
- a sheet of porous paper was immersed in the solution and, after draining, was air dried in subdued light.
- the resulting material was exposed for 60 seconds through an opaque stencil to light from a source rich in ultraviolet radiation (a bank of GE. F8T5 BLB lamps about 12 mm apart) located about mm from the exposure plane.
- the sheet was then washed with water for about 20 seconds to reveal a red negative image of the stencil.
- the imaged sheet was thereafter immersed for about seconds in an aqueous solution of 5 percent by weight potassium ferricyanide and 5 percent by weight of ferric nitrate 9HzO.
- the sheet was then given a final water rinse and dried to yield a dark gray-brown image in a clean background.
- Neotetrazolium chloride 1.25 g. Dextrose (anhydrous) 0.25 g. Sodium formate 0.25 g. Glycerin 0.50 g.
- Paper was immersed in the resulting solution, drained, and dried in the previous manner. After exposure for about 2 minutes under conditions described in Example I, the sheet was rinsed with water for about 30 seconds and immersed in a ferric ferricyanide solution as previously described.
- a final water rinse and drying completed the processing.
- Example III A composition of Example I was modified to the extent of increasing the sodium formate and glycerin components to 1.0g. and 2.5g. respectively, and sheet material was prepared, exposed, and processed as there described. An image of substantially deeper density was obtained, thus indicating beneficial effects of increased reducing environment and moisture content upon the photosensitive compositions of the present invention.
- EXAMPLE IV Imaging material was prepared in accordance with the procedure set forth in Example I and was exposed for about seconds to the light source arrangement there described. Immersion of the formazan-imaged sheet for about 60 seconds in a dilute Fehlings solution provided a dark brown image which, after a final rinse and drying, increased in a tonal density over a period of several hours.
- Deionized water 50 ml. Gelatin (inert, high bloom) 2.5 g. 2,3,5-triphenyl-2I-I-tetrazolium chloride 2.5 g. Sodium formate 0.5 g. Glycerin 1.0 g.
- each of the ingredients was dissolved in the water in the order given above, and the composition was coated to a wet thickness of about l30p.m on a pre-subbed polyethylene terphthalate film base support commonly employed in the preparation of photographic products. After the coating was air dryed in the absence of light, the material was exposed through the base sheet for 2.5 minutes in the manner described in Example I, and the unexposed nonimage portions of the coating were removed by washing with running water at a temperature of about 30C. The material was then immersed for about 90 seconds in the previously described ferric ferricyanide solution whereupon the initial bright red relief image was converted to one of gray-brown tone. The processing was completed by a short water rinse and air drying.
- the method of forming a permanent image which comprises:
- a. providing light-sensitive imaging material comprising a support and a coating thereon of a composition comprising a light-sensitive component consisting essentially of a water-soluble tetrazolium compound;
- coated surface of said support is a cellulosic substance selected from the group consisting of paper and regenerated cellulose.
- composition further comprises an electron donor material selected from the group consisting of sodium formate, glycerin, dextrose, and glycols.
- composition further comprises an hydrophilic colloid binder.
- said fixing agent is selected from the group consisting of aqueous ferric ferricyanide solution and Friedings solution.
- imaging material comprises a tetrazolium compound selected from the group consisting of 2,3,5-triphenyl-2H-
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US421180A US3897252A (en) | 1973-12-03 | 1973-12-03 | Photochromic imaging utilizing tetrazolium compounds |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US421180A US3897252A (en) | 1973-12-03 | 1973-12-03 | Photochromic imaging utilizing tetrazolium compounds |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US3897252A true US3897252A (en) | 1975-07-29 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US421180A Expired - Lifetime US3897252A (en) | 1973-12-03 | 1973-12-03 | Photochromic imaging utilizing tetrazolium compounds |
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US (1) | US3897252A (en) |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3278366A (en) * | 1961-04-28 | 1966-10-11 | Telefunken Patent | Storage device |
US3655382A (en) * | 1970-02-25 | 1972-04-11 | Eastman Kodak Co | Processes for converting zero-valent metals photographic images to formazan dye images |
-
1973
- 1973-12-03 US US421180A patent/US3897252A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3278366A (en) * | 1961-04-28 | 1966-10-11 | Telefunken Patent | Storage device |
US3655382A (en) * | 1970-02-25 | 1972-04-11 | Eastman Kodak Co | Processes for converting zero-valent metals photographic images to formazan dye images |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: SECURITY NATIONAL BANK, A NATIONAL BANKING ASSOCIA Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:KEUFFEL & ESSER COMPANY A.N.J. CORP;REEL/FRAME:003969/0808 Effective date: 19820323 Owner name: CHASE MANHATTAN BANK, N.A. THE; A NATIONAL BANKING Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:KEUFFEL & ESSER COMPANY A.N.J. CORP;REEL/FRAME:003969/0808 Effective date: 19820323 Owner name: CHEMICAL BANK, A BANKING INSTITUTION OF NY. Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:KEUFFEL & ESSER COMPANY A.N.J. CORP;REEL/FRAME:003969/0808 Effective date: 19820323 Owner name: CONTINENTAL ILLINOIS NATIONAL BANK & TRUST CO., OF Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:KEUFFEL & ESSER COMPANY A.N.J. CORP;REEL/FRAME:003969/0808 Effective date: 19820323 Owner name: BANK OF CALIFORNIA N.A. THE; A NATIONAL BANKING AS Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:KEUFFEL & ESSER COMPANY A.N.J. CORP;REEL/FRAME:003969/0808 Effective date: 19820323 Owner name: CHEMICAL BANK, A BANKING INSTITUTION OF, NEW YORK Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:KEUFFEL & ESSER COMPANY A.N.J. CORP;REEL/FRAME:003969/0808 Effective date: 19820323 |