US3897167A - Hydraulic machine - Google Patents

Hydraulic machine Download PDF

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Publication number
US3897167A
US3897167A US421789A US42178973A US3897167A US 3897167 A US3897167 A US 3897167A US 421789 A US421789 A US 421789A US 42178973 A US42178973 A US 42178973A US 3897167 A US3897167 A US 3897167A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
wheel
pump
turbine
spiral casing
conduits
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US421789A
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English (en)
Inventor
Michel Fauconnet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ateliers des Charmilles SA
Original Assignee
Ateliers des Charmilles SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ateliers des Charmilles SA filed Critical Ateliers des Charmilles SA
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Publication of US3897167A publication Critical patent/US3897167A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
    • F03B3/10—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto characterised by having means for functioning alternatively as pumps or turbines
    • F03B3/106—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto characterised by having means for functioning alternatively as pumps or turbines the turbine wheel and the pumps wheel being mounted in adjacent positions on the same shaft in a single casing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S415/00—Rotary kinetic fluid motors or pumps
    • Y10S415/91—Reversible between pump and motor use

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT The hydraulic machine comprises a turbine and a pump both shaped for the same direction of rotation.
  • the turbine wheel and the pump wheel are keyed on a common shaft with their respective draft tubes disposed in opposite directions.
  • a single spiral casing is connected to the distributor of the turbine and to the diffuser of the pump. Separating means are provided for separating the space in the spiral casing from the space in which the turbine rotates respectively from the space in which the pump rotates.
  • the turbine wheel and the pump wheel are spaced from one another on the common shaft, one of these wheels being arranged substanially in the middle plane of the casing, the latter being connected to the other wheel by conduits for reversing the direction of the tangential component of flow of water the between the spiral casing and said other wheel.
  • the invention relates to a hydraulic machine for transferring power by pumping and turbine operation.
  • a hydraulic machine known under the name of Isogyre (trademark) associates a hydraulic turbine and a pump in the form of a compact unit having a single spiral casing.
  • the wheels of the turbine and of the pump are keyed on the same shaft with their draft tubes oriented in opposition.
  • the shaping of the blading of these wheels is formed for a same direction of rotation for turbine operation and for pumping.
  • This known machine comprises also features (sleeve valves, for example) enabling separation of the internal space of the spiral casing from the space in which the pump wheel rotates, respectively from that in which the turbine wheel rotates. It is thus possible to uncover the pump wheel during turbine operation and to uncover the turbine wheel during pumping operation, in order to avoid losses of power by bubbling.
  • the neighboring wheels of the pump and of the turbine are arranged in substantially symmetrical manner with respect to the middle plane of the spiral casing and placed as close as possible to this plane.
  • the hydraulic conduits connecting the spiral casing to the turbine wheel, on one hand, and the pump wheel to the spiral casing, on the other hand, are housed in the annular space bounded by the periphery of these wheels and the outer face of the spiral casing surrounding them. Inversion of the direction of the tangential component of flow of the water in the spiral casing is caused in this annular space, either by bending the cross members of the front distributor of the turbine, or by curving the outlet conduits of the pump diffusers.
  • It is an object of the invention to provide a hydraulic machine comprising a turbine and a pump both designed for the same direction of rotation, the turbine wheel and the pump wheel being keyed on a common shaft with their draft tubes oriented in opposition, a single spiral casing connected, on one hand, to the distributor of the turbine and, on the other hand, to the diffuser of the pump and means enabling separation of the internal space of the spiral casing from the space in which the turbine rotates, respectively from the space in which the pump rotates.
  • This machine is characterized in that the turbine wheel and the pump wheel are widely spaced from one another on the common shaft, one of said wheels being arranged substantially in the middle plane of the spiral casing, the latter being connected to the other wheel by conduits shaped so as to reverse the direction of the tangential component of flow of water the between the spiral casing and the said other wheel.
  • FIG. 1 thereof is a view in axial section.
  • FIG. 2 is a view in transverse section respectively along lines II--II, IIIIII and IV-IV of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a view in axial section of the first modification.
  • FIG. 4 is a view in axial section of the second modification.
  • FIG. 5 is a view in cross-section along the line V-V of FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 6 is a partial view similar to FIG. 5 of the third modification.
  • the machine shown in FIG. 1 comprises a single spiral casing 12, a one stage turbine and a one state pump.
  • the turbine wheel 15 and the pump wheel 23 are keyed on a common vertical shaft 13, with their respective draft tubes 14, 24 opening in opposite directions to one another.
  • the blades of these wheels are aligned for the same direction of rotation.
  • the turbine wheel 15 is located in substantially the middle plane of the spiral casing 12.
  • the hydraulic conduit supplying the turbine wheel 15 is entirely housed in the annular space bounded by the periphery of this wheel and the outer face of the spiral casing surrounding it.
  • the direction of the tangential fiow of water in the spiral casing remains unchanged all along this conduit (see FIG. 2, section IIII).
  • the cross members of the front distributor 4 of the turbine are formed according to the criteria applied to Francis turbines. It is the same for the guide blades 5 constituting together the movable distributor of the turbine.
  • This distributor is actuated by the usual mechanism, composed of a gating disk 11 acting through a system of link rods 1 on pivots 2 of the guide blades 5.
  • An obturator 3 of the sleeve valve type enables the separation of the inner space of the spiral casing 12 from the inner space in which the turbine wheel 15 rotates.
  • the movable guide blades 5 of the distributor could, of course, fulfill the same function.
  • the obturator 3 is inserted between the front distributor 4 and the guide blades 5; it could also be between the guide blades 5 and the turbine wheel 15.
  • the pump wheel 23 is widely spaced axially with respect to the middle plane of the spiral casing 12.
  • a fixed element 16 of the frame, carrying the bearing 19 of shaft 13, is inserted between said wheels 15, 23.
  • Reverse conduits 7 ensuring hydraulic connection between the pump wheel 23 and .the spiral casing 12 are provided at the periphery of the fixed element 16 of the frame.
  • the cross members 8 of this element 16 form the lateral walls of the reversing conduits 7 (FIG. 2).
  • annular chambers 17, 20 surrounding the shaft are provided in the fixed element 16, on each side of the bearing and are connected with the outside through channels 18, 21 passing within the thickness of the cross members 8 of the fixed element.
  • This assembly of annular chambers 17, 20 ensures various functions such as the circulation of oil for the bearing, removal of hydraulic leaks from the wheel joints, aeration, cooling or uncovering" of one of the wheels 15, 23.
  • the pump wheel 23 is mounted overhanging at the end of the common shaft 13. Its draft tube 24, entirely freed, is hence operating under the most favorable of hydraulic conditions.
  • the fixer diffuser 9 of the pump provided with the usual finned device (see FIG. 2, section IIIIII), is located at the periphery of the pump wheel. It does not modify direction of the tangential component of the flow of the water impelled by the pump wheel 23. Its shape and its connection with the reversing conduits are determined by techniques applied to return channels of multi-stage pumps.
  • the reversing conduits 7 in which the diffuser 9 of the pump opens ensure hydraulic connection and progressive reversal of the direction of the tangential component of flow of water the between the periphery of the pump wheel 23 and the spiral casing 12. They open into this spiral casing at 6 at an angle imposing on the flow of water in coming from the reversing conduit 7 an orientation close to that of the flow of water in the spiral casing 12 (see FIG. 2, section IVIV).
  • An obturator of the sleeve valve type is inserted between the periphery of the pump wheel 23 and its diffuser 9 and enables the separation of the internal space of the spiral casing 12 from the space in which the pump wheel 23 rotates.
  • the sleeve valve 10 When the machine functions as a turbine, the sleeve valve 10 is closed and water is provided into spiral casing 12 from a pipe under pressure in the direction of arrow A (FIG. 2). Said incoming water is directed onto the turbine wheel through its front distributor 4 and between guide blades 5, thus driving common shaft 13 in direction of arrow B.
  • the common shaft 13 may drive a generator to produce electricity.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 Numerous modifications of the embodiment described and shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 may be considered.
  • the reversing conduits open in another portion of the outer surface of the wall of the spiral casing 12.
  • These reversing conduits may be include several separate pipes 22.
  • the passages 18, 21 are provided at the most appropriate places of element 16 whose cross members no longer necessarily constitute the lateral walls of the reversing conduits.
  • the reversing conduits are constituted by several separate pipes 22, arranged outside the element 16, with which they have no direct connections.
  • These pipes 22 are connected at 6 on the outer peripheral surface of the spiral casing 12, at an angle imposing on the flow of water an orientation close to of that of the flow of water in the tank. They could also be connected on another part of the wall of the spiral casing.
  • the left-hand portion of this figure shows the partial volutes 25, arranged at the periphery of the pump wheel 23 and each extended by a divergent tube 26 forming a diffuser and supplying a reversing pipe 22.
  • the partial volutes 25 are arranged at the periphery of a fixed fin diffuser 9.
  • the tubes 26 could also be of constant crosssection.
  • the slide valve 10 could be replaced by individual obturators provided in each of the separate pipes referred to in the above mentioned two modifications.
  • the pipes 22 could be connected directly with the high pressure hydraulic conduit, thus avoiding the passage of the pumped water through spiral casing 12 towards said high pressure hydraulic conduit.
  • Such smaller pipes may be provided with individual valves and connected to divergent tubes 26 forming an extension of the partial volutes 25 surrounding both the turbine wheel 15 and the pump wheel 23 (see FIG. 5).
  • the shaft of the machine may be vertical, horizontal or oblique.
  • the wheel 15 of the turbine and/or of the pump 23 may be radial, diagonal or axial.
  • the pump may be a two-stage pump with its rotor over-hanging, the turbine being a one stage or two stage turbine.
  • the shaft may just as well be of the traversing type (in the manner of that of a double Francis), the turbine and pump being able to include one or several stages.
  • the pump may be equipped with orientable diffusers.
  • the position, with respect to the middle plane of the spiral case, of the turbine and pump wheels can be as described on inverted.
  • a hydraulic machine including a frame, a fixed element on said frame, a turbine and a pump each including a wheel, said turbine and pump both shaped for rotation in the same direction, a vertical shaft, said turbine wheel and the pump wheel each connected to said shaft, said turbine including a distributor, said pump including a diffuser, said turbine and pump each including a draft tube, said draft tubes disposed in opposite directions to one another, a single spiral casing connected to the distributor of the turbine and to the diffuser of the pump, valve means permitting the selective separation of the internal space of the spiral casing from the space in which the turbine rotates and the space in which the pump rotates, a bearing for said vertical shaft, said bearing mounted on said fixed element of said frame and disposed between the turbine wheel and the pump wheel whereby only one of said wheels is disposed substantially in the central plane of said spiral casing and the other said wheel is thus spaced apart from said one wheel, direct conduits connecting said spiral casing to said one wheel and reversing conduits longer than said direct conduits connecting said spiral casing to the
  • a hydraulic machine wherein a plurality of annular chambers surround the vertical shaft and are housed in the fixed element of the frame, a plurality of channels connecting said chambers with the outside.
  • a hydraulic machine wherein the said one wheel disposed substantially in the central plane of the spiral casing in the turbine wheel, the pump wheel being axially spaced from this plane and the reversing conduits, connecting the outlet of the diffuser of the pump to the spiral casing, being provided substantially outside the annular space defined by the periphery of the turbine wheel and the outer face of the spiral casing surrounding it.
  • a hydraulic machine wherein the said one wheel disposed substantially in the central plane of the spiral casing is the pump wheel, the turbine wheel being axially spaced from this plane and the reversing conduits, connecting the inlet of the distributor of the turbine to the spiral casing, being provided substantially outside the annular space defined by the periphery of the pump wheel and the outer face of the spiral casing surrounding it.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
US421789A 1972-12-14 1973-12-05 Hydraulic machine Expired - Lifetime US3897167A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1819172A CH560323A5 (sv) 1972-12-14 1972-12-14

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3897167A true US3897167A (en) 1975-07-29

Family

ID=4431163

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US421789A Expired - Lifetime US3897167A (en) 1972-12-14 1973-12-05 Hydraulic machine

Country Status (24)

Country Link
US (1) US3897167A (sv)
JP (1) JPS4987933A (sv)
AR (1) AR196726A1 (sv)
AT (1) AT328997B (sv)
AU (1) AU469511B2 (sv)
BE (1) BE808560A (sv)
BR (1) BR7309747D0 (sv)
CA (1) CA988002A (sv)
CH (1) CH560323A5 (sv)
CS (1) CS189621B2 (sv)
DD (1) DD109713A5 (sv)
DE (1) DE2363166C3 (sv)
ES (1) ES421383A1 (sv)
FI (1) FI54734C (sv)
FR (1) FR2330277A5 (sv)
GB (1) GB1452139A (sv)
IN (1) IN139593B (sv)
IT (1) IT999910B (sv)
NL (1) NL7317149A (sv)
NO (1) NO140354C (sv)
PL (1) PL85749B1 (sv)
RO (1) RO64407A (sv)
SE (1) SE402328B (sv)
ZA (1) ZA739452B (sv)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4008010A (en) * 1974-07-09 1977-02-15 Ateliers Des Charmilles S.A. Hydraulic machine
US4186555A (en) * 1977-07-18 1980-02-05 Ateliers Des Charmilles, S.A. Hydraulic machine
US20130247552A1 (en) * 2012-03-23 2013-09-26 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Transmission control fluid diffuser
US20130302187A1 (en) * 2010-12-07 2013-11-14 Voith Patent Gmbh Pump Turbine Installation
CN111794893A (zh) * 2020-07-22 2020-10-20 重庆华能水电设备制造有限公司 抽水蓄能水轮发电机组双涡轮结构

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH621602A5 (en) * 1977-05-25 1981-02-13 Escher Wyss Ag Hydro-electric generating set
CH626138A5 (sv) * 1978-11-28 1981-10-30 Charmilles Sa Ateliers
YU34281A (en) * 1980-02-26 1984-06-30 Charmilles Sa Ateliers Method of controlling pump flow in a plant operating both as a pump and a turbine
DE102011107829A1 (de) * 2011-07-01 2013-01-03 Voith Patent Gmbh Pumpturbinenanlage
CN112065643A (zh) * 2020-08-12 2020-12-11 南京航空航天大学 一种轮缘直驱发电式波浪能发电装置

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2996995A (en) * 1957-02-27 1961-08-22 Charmilles Sa Ateliers Hydraulic installations comprising a turbine and a pump

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS3923078Y1 (sv) * 1962-01-26 1964-08-11

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2996995A (en) * 1957-02-27 1961-08-22 Charmilles Sa Ateliers Hydraulic installations comprising a turbine and a pump

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4008010A (en) * 1974-07-09 1977-02-15 Ateliers Des Charmilles S.A. Hydraulic machine
US4186555A (en) * 1977-07-18 1980-02-05 Ateliers Des Charmilles, S.A. Hydraulic machine
US20130302187A1 (en) * 2010-12-07 2013-11-14 Voith Patent Gmbh Pump Turbine Installation
US20130247552A1 (en) * 2012-03-23 2013-09-26 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Transmission control fluid diffuser
US9121460B2 (en) * 2012-03-23 2015-09-01 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Transmission control fluid diffuser
CN111794893A (zh) * 2020-07-22 2020-10-20 重庆华能水电设备制造有限公司 抽水蓄能水轮发电机组双涡轮结构

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH560323A5 (sv) 1975-03-27
PL85749B1 (sv) 1976-04-30
FI54734C (fi) 1979-02-12
ES421383A1 (es) 1976-04-01
GB1452139A (en) 1976-10-13
BE808560A (fr) 1974-06-12
NO140354B (no) 1979-05-07
SE402328B (sv) 1978-06-26
BR7309747D0 (pt) 1974-08-29
CS189621B2 (en) 1979-04-30
AU6355773A (en) 1975-06-19
IN139593B (sv) 1976-07-03
IT999910B (it) 1976-03-10
AU469511B2 (en) 1976-02-12
FI54734B (fi) 1978-10-31
ATA1041673A (de) 1975-06-15
CA988002A (en) 1976-04-27
DE2363166C3 (de) 1978-06-08
NL7317149A (sv) 1974-06-18
ZA739452B (en) 1974-11-27
AR196726A1 (es) 1974-02-12
RO64407A (ro) 1980-01-15
AT328997B (de) 1976-04-26
FR2330277A5 (fr) 1977-05-27
DE2363166B2 (de) 1977-10-13
DE2363166A1 (de) 1974-06-20
DD109713A5 (sv) 1974-11-12
JPS4987933A (sv) 1974-08-22
NO140354C (no) 1979-08-15

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