US3895420A - Process for crimping filaments and yarns - Google Patents

Process for crimping filaments and yarns Download PDF

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Publication number
US3895420A
US3895420A US348226A US34822673A US3895420A US 3895420 A US3895420 A US 3895420A US 348226 A US348226 A US 348226A US 34822673 A US34822673 A US 34822673A US 3895420 A US3895420 A US 3895420A
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United States
Prior art keywords
yarns
filamentary
blowing chamber
separate
yarn
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US348226A
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English (en)
Inventor
Hans-Jurgen Strutz
Ingolf Jacob
Johann Seelig
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Hoechst AG
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Hoechst AG
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
    • D02G1/12—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics using stuffer boxes
    • D02G1/122—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics using stuffer boxes introducing the filaments in the stuffer box by means of a fluid jet

Definitions

  • the invention provides a process for crimping filaments and yarns wherein a plurality of filamentary yarns is drawn by fluid media into an injector nozzle, piled up and stuffed in a blowing chamber.
  • the individual yarns are fed through separate channels in the injector nozzle and kept separate by currents of fluid media while being laid and stuffed in a common blowing stuffing chamber.
  • a plurality of filamentary yarns can be crimped simultaneously in one stuffing chamber and then wound up separately.
  • the texturized yarns obtained are characterized by a fine crimp, high crimping contraction and high elastic pull.
  • the present invention relates to a process for crimping filaments and yarns wherein a plurality of filamentary yarns are drawn by the current of a motive fluid into an injector nozzle, piled up in a blowing chamber and stuffed.
  • the filamentary yarn is blown irregularly by an injector nozzle into a mostly cylindrical blowing chamber where it is laid on already conveyed filamentary material.
  • the motive fluid then escapes by lateral openings in the front section of the blowing chamber (see patent of the German Democratic Republic No. 17,786, filed Oct. 27, 1957, published Aug. 25, 1960).
  • the filament is crimped by the folding when it is laid and the crimp is set by a heat treatment, for example by heating the blowing chamber.
  • the bulked and compressed rope-like yarn package obtained after the laying process is continuously removed from the blowing chamber. This can be done, for example, as described in Federal Republic of Germany, German Offenlegungsschrift No. 2,036,856 published Feb.
  • the fineness of texturizing defined as the number of crimps unit length is decisively influenced also by the cross section of the blowing chamber.
  • With a small cross section of the blowing chamber only a small number of filamentary yarns can be texturized simultaneously.
  • the influence of the wall friction strongly increases, whereby the running safety of the process is impaired.
  • the separating effect of the yarn package into individual filamentary yarns can be improved with regard to known processes by passing the yarns through separate channels in the injector nozzle, but the result is not yet satisfactory.
  • the present invention provides a process for crimping filaments and yarns wherein a plurality of filamentary yarns are drawn by the current of a motive fluid into an injector nozzle, piled up in a blowing chamber and stuffed, which comprises introducing the individual filamentary yarns through separate channels into the blowing chamber, laying them and stuffing while being kept separate by the current of a fluid medium.
  • the crimp produced by the process of the invention may be permanent or it may only serve to achieve a dense packing of the yarns for certain processing stages. Processes are preferred in which the motive fluid and/or the separating medium produce a permanent crimp of the filaments. When a dense packing of the yarns is desired, the motive fluid and separating medium should not produce a permanent crimp.
  • the present invention may be performed in a device for carrying out the process of the invention in which the injector nozzle has several separate channels for filament feeding and one or several channels for the separating gas which are arranged between filament feed channels.
  • a device is preferred in which the filament feed channels are disposed symmetrically around a central separating gas channel.
  • FIGS. 1 to 7 represent preferred embodiments
  • FIGS. 4 to 7 are cross sectional views of examples of' injector nozzles according to the invention along line IIII of FIG. 1.
  • the filamentary yarns fed through channels 7 are taken up by the motive fluid streaming through the annular gap 3, transported into the blowing chamber 8 where they are piled up.
  • nozzle pin 4 is provided with a central boring 10 which ends in the tip of the pin in the form of a star-shaped channel 9 through which the fluid medium for separating the filamentary yarns is supplied.
  • the current of the separating medium creates a kind of hollow duct between two adjacent yarns so that the individual filamentary yarns are laid in one third only of the cylindrical blowing chamber.
  • the separating medium acts like a concomitantly moving wall, hence it reduces the effective cross section of the stuffing space without increasing the friction on the wall.
  • FIGS. 4 through 7 are cross sectional views on line IIlI of injector nozzles similar to that of FIG. 2.
  • the injector nozzle shown in FIG. 6 has a pyramidal nozzle pin instead of an axially symmetrical nozzle pin 4.
  • the feed channels 7 for the filamentary yarn and the channels for the separating gas 9 alternate in rectilinear direction one beside the other.
  • the separating medium is supplied through conduit 11 and passes into boring through a lateral conduit 12.
  • conduit 12 may end in distributing zone 2 and the connection 11 can be dispensed with.
  • the current of separating medium obviously creates hollow ducts between the yarns so that the filaments do not intermingle while being laid and are mush easier to separate after laying.
  • the effective cross section of the stuffing space i.e., the portion of the cross sectional area of the blowing chamber at the disposal of each yarn depends on the number of simultaneously texturized yarns.
  • the reduction of the cross sectional area of the stuffing space for each yarn improves the intensity of texturization and the uniformity.
  • the separating medium may simultaneously act as additional motive fluid.
  • the filamentary yarns are then caught all around by the fluid whereby the draw-in tension increases and temporary variations thereof diminish.
  • the number. shape, and the arrangement of the yarn channels and the gas channels in the injector nozzles according to the invention must be adapted to the requirements in each case.
  • the nozzle may be provided with two, three, four, or more yarn channels, the upper limit depending onthe cross section of the blowing chamber.
  • the channels may have a round, elliptic, or quadratic cross section, or a cross section of another geometric shape. They can be arranged in various ways.
  • a biconical nozzle pin i.e., a conical nozzle pin with which the opening angle of the cone suddenly changes at one place, yields a particularly uniform flow of the motive fluid through the annular gap 3.
  • the process of the invention can be used for all yarns of natural fiber-forming materials, such as wool, synthetic fibers, such as rayon fibers, cellulose acetate fibers; and synthetic yarns and filament yarns, for example of polyesters or polyamides, or mixtures of the aforesaid materials.
  • the total denier and individual denier of the filaments can vary within wide limits, as well as the number of yarn twists per unit length.
  • the selection of the motive fluid essentially depends on the subsequent processing.
  • a plasticizing medium having elevated temperature will be used, for'ex'ample steam, possibly with the addition of a plasticizer.
  • an inert medium such as compressedair
  • the selection of the medium used for keeping separate the filamentary yarns likewise depends on the desired properties of the final yarn.
  • steam may be chosen as motive fluid and as' s'eparating medium, a lubricating agent may be blown in with compressed air in the form of a mist.
  • a simultaneous dyeing is likewise possible.
  • the dimensions of the blowing chamber are adapted to the special requirements. Its length decisively determines the residence time of the filaments and hence, the setting of the crimp. As in the known processes, a circular cross sectional area is mostly chosen.
  • blowing chambers of small cross section are used in order to obtain a fine crimp.
  • a reduction of the blowing chamber cross section involves an insufficient spreading apart of the individual filaments of the filamentary yarn when entering the blowing chamber.
  • a complete spreading apart of the individual filaments of the yarn at this point is, however, a necessary prerequisite for a uniform crimp.
  • a reduction of the cross section of the blowing chamber increases the wall friction.
  • the effective cross section of the stuffing space for each filamentary yarn i.e., the cross section of each package of crimped individual yarn, approximately corresponds to the cross section of the blowing chamber divided by the number of filamentary yarns.
  • the blowing chamber need not have a cylindrical shape, different shapes may also be chosen (Patent of the German Democratic Republic No. 20, 597 filed Mar. 8, 1957, published Jan. 10, 1961).
  • a further advantage of the process of the invention is the high constant feed tension of the filamentary yarns which allows of a uniform operation.
  • the separation of the filamentary yarns according to the process of the invention substantially prevents the individual filaments from entangling so that yarns are obtained having an unobjectionable quality without filament damage, i.e., without broken filaments or loops and slubs.
  • the yarn texturized according to the invention are used in many textile fields of application.
  • An especially important field is the manufacture of carpets, mainly tufted carpets.
  • the bulk of the yarn defined by the crimping characteristics, i.e., number of crimps per unit length, crimping contraction and elastic pull, substantially determines the handle and the hard-wearing properties of a carpet. Owing to their uniformity and the fact that they are easy to separate after jet stufferbox texturizing, the yarns produced by the process of the invention yield carpets with uniform, well defined knobs, that is to say carpets of high quality with a clear and smooth appearance.
  • the effective cross section of the stuffing space can be strongly reduced. It is L L, L,
  • the yarn loop is then dried for 1 hour at 60 65C without tension in circulating air and allowed to cool for a further hour under normal climatic conditions, i.e., 20C, 65 of relative humidity.
  • the length L is determined under a preliminary load of 0.002 g/dtex and the length L is determined under 0.02 g/dtex, in each case after the action of the load for 30 seconds.
  • the number of crimps per centimeter is determined with an individual filament having a length of about 50 mm under a load of 0.02 g/dtex by counting under a magnifying-glass all crimps to the right and left of an imaginary center line and dividing the number of crimps by the length of the individual filament under the aforesaid load.
  • the individual filament was taken from a sample having undergone the same preliminary treatment, but without the load of 0.2 g/dtex.
  • the rope like bundle of filamentary yarns can be intermediately stored in suitable containers and separated again into the individual yarns, if desired after having been subjected to further processes, for example dyeing.
  • EXAMPLE 1 The dependence of the crimping characteristics, i.e., crimps per centimeter (e/cm), crimping contraction (CC) and elastic pull (EP) on the effective cross section of the blowing chamber is demonstrated.
  • the effective cross section of the blowing chamber corresponds to the real blowing chamber cross section, whereas in the process of the invention it only corresponds to a fraction thereof.
  • a jet-stufferbox texturizing device as described in DOS 2,036,856 was operated with three different types of injector nozzles:
  • an injector nozzle B in accordance with the invention the nozzle pin of which was provided with two channels for the filamentary yarns and a central channel for the separating gas (as shown in FIG. 5, however with two opposite instead of four channels for the filamentary yarns);
  • the geometrical dimensions of all three injector nozzles were identical, the diameter of the issuing end of the nozzle pin being 3.4 mm, the length of the conical part of the nozzle pin 31 mm.
  • the construction of the injector nozzles substantially corresponded to that of the nozzle shown in FIG. 1. They had, however, no connection 11 as saturated steam at a pressure p, was used as motive fluid and as separating gas.
  • the boring 12 directly ended in distributing zone 2. In all three tests 245 g per minute of steam were passed through the respective nozzle.
  • the cylindrical blowing chamber of the texturizing device had a length of 500 mm and an inner diameter of 8 mm.
  • the front section of the blowing chamber which was provided with outlet holes for the steam, was surrounded by a further chamber wherein the escaping steam was collected and maintained at a constant pressure 2 by means of a reducing valve.
  • the material to be texturized was polyamide 6. In each test four filamentary yarns each having a denier of dtex 1100f67 were used.
  • EXAMPLE 2 b. an injector nozzle D, the nozzle pin of which was provided with four channels for the filamentary yarns and did not have an inlet for the separating gas (obtained by closing the gas channel of injector nozzle C) 'c. an injector nozzle C according to the invention (as in Example 1).
  • the injector nozzles had the same dimensions as in Example 1.
  • Thedimensions of the blowing chamber were as follows: length 500mm, inner diameter 6 mm.
  • Theexperiments were carried out with polyamide 6 filament yarns; in Experiment (a) two filamentary yarns each having a denier dtex 1 f 67 were passed through nozzle A and in Experiments (b) and (0) using nozzles D and C, four filamentary yarns each having a denier dtex l 100f67 were passed through.
  • As separating gas and motive fluid saturated steam was used under operating pressures p 4.3 atmospheres gauge and p 1.3 atmospheres gauge.
  • the throughput of the saturated steam was as follows: 210 g/min each through nozzlesA and D, 260 g/min through nozzle C, including the-steam portion used as separating gas.
  • the resulting draw in forces were 14 15 g/filamentary yarn with nozzle A, 17 l8 g/filamentary yarn with nozzle D and-23 24 g/filamentary yarn with nozzle C.
  • the outlet speed of the package of filamentary yarns from the blowing chamber was adjusted in such a manner that in all three experiments the package had a weight of 4.5 g/m.
  • a rope-like yarn package which consisted of two filamentary yarns in Experiment (a) and of four filamentary yarns in Experiments (b) and (c) and which had a weight of 4.5 g/m ineach case, was vertically suspended and loaded with a weight of 100 gms. whereby its length increased by four to five times its original length.
  • the yarns were separated and a measuring arm was introduced between them in such a manner that an equal number of filaments was on either side of the arm.
  • As a measuring arm the measuring head of an electronic tensiometer R-1092 of Messrs. Rothschild, Zurich, Switzerland, was used. The measuring head carried a roll having a diameter of 10 mm to separate the two groups of filaments.
  • the measuring arm was passed downward over a measuring distance of ---1 meter at a constant speed of 5 cm/sec.
  • the force acting on the measuring arm in the direction opposite to the. moving direction was recorded;rit is a measurement for the entanglements between the two groups of filaments. Firm entanglements resulting in drawn out filament loops and/or filament breakings are perceived by distinct force peaks.
  • the packages of Experiments (b) and (0) were much less entangled than the package of Experiment (a).
  • the experiment using the injector nozzle according to the invention gave the best result with the lowest number of entanglements, and thus the best yarns, from which carpets with very few broken filaments or loops can be produced.
  • the highest draw in tension of the filamentary yarns in Experiment ensures the safest running conditions.
  • EXAMPLE 3 The invention is not limited to polyamide filaments.
  • a jet stufferbox texturizing device with injector nozzle C according to the invention (as defined in Example 1) poly(butylene terephthalate) and poly (caprolactam) yarns were texturized.
  • the cylindrical blowing chamber had a length of 500 mm and an inner diameter of mm.
  • One poly (butylene terephthalate) filamentary yarn had a denier dtex 2000f 134.
  • the individual filaments had a round profile.
  • the denier of one poly (caprolactam) filamentary yarn was dtex 2200 f 134 with a trilobal profile of the individual filaments.
  • Four filamentary yarns each were simultaneously texturized, the feed rate of the yarn being 400 m/min. Saturated steam was used as motive fluid and separating medium; the steam pressure p and 2 indicated in the following table were as in Example '1.
  • the crimping characteristics obtained are indicated in the following table.
US348226A 1972-04-10 1973-04-05 Process for crimping filaments and yarns Expired - Lifetime US3895420A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2217109A DE2217109C3 (de) 1972-04-10 1972-04-10 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Kräuseln von Fäden und Garnen

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US (1) US3895420A (es)
AT (1) AT340564B (es)
BE (1) BE798001A (es)
BR (1) BR7302540D0 (es)
CA (1) CA980557A (es)
CH (3) CH562155A5 (es)
DE (1) DE2217109C3 (es)
ES (1) ES413322A1 (es)
FR (1) FR2179895B1 (es)
GB (1) GB1422975A (es)
IT (1) IT982738B (es)
NL (1) NL174275C (es)
NO (1) NO134263C (es)
SE (1) SE380296B (es)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3983610A (en) * 1974-10-24 1976-10-05 Akzona Incorporated Apparatus for producing textured yarn
US4014085A (en) * 1974-10-24 1977-03-29 Akzona Incorporated String up and shutdown process for a yarn texturizing apparatus
US4095317A (en) * 1974-10-24 1978-06-20 Akzona Incorporated Process for producing textured yarn
US4103404A (en) * 1976-07-13 1978-08-01 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Nozzle device for the production of texturized filament yarns
US4171402A (en) * 1974-10-24 1979-10-16 Akzona, Inc. Textured yarn product
US4261084A (en) * 1977-05-17 1981-04-14 Neumuenstersche Maschinen Und Apparatebau Gesellschaft Mbh. Device for crimping synthetic plastic fibers
US4346504A (en) * 1980-07-11 1982-08-31 Hoechst Fibers Industries Yarn forwarding and drawing apparatus
US6112386A (en) * 1997-10-13 2000-09-05 Deutsche Institute Fur Textil-Und Faserforschung Interlacing apparatus and process for filament interlacing

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2424302C2 (de) * 1974-05-18 1983-09-15 Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt Verfahren zum Regeln der Fadenspannung
DE4421587C1 (de) * 1994-06-21 1995-08-24 Saurer Allma Gmbh Luftdüse für die Herstellung von Effektgarnen

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3164882A (en) * 1950-05-31 1965-01-12 Spunize Company Of America Inc Apparatus and method for crimping of natural and synthetic textile material
US3296677A (en) * 1963-05-20 1967-01-10 Eastman Kodak Co Crimping apparatus and process
US3340585A (en) * 1964-08-20 1967-09-12 Courtaulds Ltd Yarn crimping method and apparatus
US3373470A (en) * 1961-02-08 1968-03-19 Rhodiaceta Process for crimping yarn
US3378900A (en) * 1966-02-23 1968-04-23 Courtaulds Ltd Method of bulking yarns
US3409956A (en) * 1966-07-05 1968-11-12 Allied Chem Apparatus and process for texturizing yarn
US3543984A (en) * 1968-03-12 1970-12-01 Allied Chem Tapered infeed yarn guide
US3703754A (en) * 1969-07-24 1972-11-28 Rhodiaceta Process for producing textured thermoplastic yarns
US3827113A (en) * 1970-10-15 1974-08-06 Rhodiaceta Process for simultaneously texturizing a plurality of yarns

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3164882A (en) * 1950-05-31 1965-01-12 Spunize Company Of America Inc Apparatus and method for crimping of natural and synthetic textile material
US3373470A (en) * 1961-02-08 1968-03-19 Rhodiaceta Process for crimping yarn
US3296677A (en) * 1963-05-20 1967-01-10 Eastman Kodak Co Crimping apparatus and process
US3340585A (en) * 1964-08-20 1967-09-12 Courtaulds Ltd Yarn crimping method and apparatus
US3378900A (en) * 1966-02-23 1968-04-23 Courtaulds Ltd Method of bulking yarns
US3409956A (en) * 1966-07-05 1968-11-12 Allied Chem Apparatus and process for texturizing yarn
US3543984A (en) * 1968-03-12 1970-12-01 Allied Chem Tapered infeed yarn guide
US3703754A (en) * 1969-07-24 1972-11-28 Rhodiaceta Process for producing textured thermoplastic yarns
US3827113A (en) * 1970-10-15 1974-08-06 Rhodiaceta Process for simultaneously texturizing a plurality of yarns

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3983610A (en) * 1974-10-24 1976-10-05 Akzona Incorporated Apparatus for producing textured yarn
US4014085A (en) * 1974-10-24 1977-03-29 Akzona Incorporated String up and shutdown process for a yarn texturizing apparatus
US4095317A (en) * 1974-10-24 1978-06-20 Akzona Incorporated Process for producing textured yarn
US4171402A (en) * 1974-10-24 1979-10-16 Akzona, Inc. Textured yarn product
US4103404A (en) * 1976-07-13 1978-08-01 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Nozzle device for the production of texturized filament yarns
US4261084A (en) * 1977-05-17 1981-04-14 Neumuenstersche Maschinen Und Apparatebau Gesellschaft Mbh. Device for crimping synthetic plastic fibers
US4346504A (en) * 1980-07-11 1982-08-31 Hoechst Fibers Industries Yarn forwarding and drawing apparatus
US6112386A (en) * 1997-10-13 2000-09-05 Deutsche Institute Fur Textil-Und Faserforschung Interlacing apparatus and process for filament interlacing

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Publication number Publication date
NO134263B (es) 1976-05-31
CH561306A (es) 1975-04-30
BR7302540D0 (pt) 1974-07-25
CH487873A4 (es) 1974-10-31
DE2217109B2 (de) 1976-04-08
DE2217109A1 (de) 1973-10-18
NL174275C (nl) 1984-05-16
CH562155A5 (es) 1975-05-30
NL7304731A (es) 1973-10-12
DE2217109C3 (de) 1979-04-12
IT982738B (it) 1974-10-21
ES413322A1 (es) 1976-01-16
NL174275B (nl) 1983-12-16
SE380296B (sv) 1975-11-03
GB1422975A (en) 1976-01-28
AT340564B (de) 1977-12-27
FR2179895B1 (es) 1976-09-10
FR2179895A1 (es) 1973-11-23
BE798001A (fr) 1973-10-10
ATA306873A (de) 1977-04-15
CA980557A (en) 1975-12-30
NO134263C (es) 1976-09-08

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