US3894512A - Electrostatic developing apparatus - Google Patents

Electrostatic developing apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3894512A
US3894512A US227025A US22702572A US3894512A US 3894512 A US3894512 A US 3894512A US 227025 A US227025 A US 227025A US 22702572 A US22702572 A US 22702572A US 3894512 A US3894512 A US 3894512A
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United States
Prior art keywords
developer
liquid
layer
supply unit
electrostatic
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Expired - Lifetime
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US227025A
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English (en)
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Genji Ohno
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Ohno Res & Dev Lab
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Ohno Res & Dev Lab
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/16—Developers not provided for in groups G03G9/06 - G03G9/135, e.g. solutions, aerosols
    • G03G9/18—Differentially wetting liquid developers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
    • G03G15/10—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a liquid developer
    • G03G15/101—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a liquid developer for wetting the recording material
    • G03G15/102—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a liquid developer for wetting the recording material for differentially wetting the recording material

Definitions

  • a liquid developer is supplied 117/175, 37 LE, 93.4 A; 355/10 to the back surface of this unit, and an exposing unit is disposed to form electrostatic latent images onto the [56] Referen e Cit d front surface of the developer supply unit.
  • UNITED STATES PATENTS the liquid developer applied to the back surface of the liquid repellent layer is distributed on the front surface by the action of the electric field established by the 3,472,676 10/1969 Cassiersetal.... 117 37 latent 3,486,922 12/1969 Cassiers et a].
  • 117/37 3,618,567 11/1971 Levy 118/637 12 Clams 7 Dmwmg figures mmliiiiziiiai man. 15 m5 FIG. 2
  • FIG. 1 A first figure.
  • the liquid development method is satisfactory in providing copies of high resolution compared with dry development methods, but those portions where no image appears on the latent image forming unit may be contaminated because the whole surface of this unit receives the liquid developer. Further, a liquid developer requires a hot drying process after developing or the use of a low boiling point solvent.
  • the liquid developer is applied to the back of a developer supply unit and is prevented from exuding onto the unit surface due to a liquid repellent surface provided by a layer of this unit.
  • the liquid developer does not adhere to those portions of the surface of the electrostatic latent image forming unit, comprised illustratively of a photoconductive sensitive plate or an insulating film where no electrostatic latent image exists.
  • the developer exudes from the surface of the developer supply unit, and adheres to those portions of the plate surface where the latent image has been established.
  • the liquid developer is absorbed and developes these portions of the surface, because of the electrostatic polarization or induction of the developer by the electric charges of the latent images.
  • the electrostatic, latent image lowers the contact angle between the developer and the liquid repellent layer, upon those portions where the electrostatic latent image has been established.
  • a developer supply unit has a liquid repellent layer of 3a to 400p. thickness (Sp. to 330a thickness is preferable) disposed on a surface of a porous substrate except for the portions of the minute pores.
  • the porous substrate is disposed to confront a photoconductive, sensitive plate or an insulating film upon which the electrostatic latent images are established.
  • the sensitive plate has a plurality of pores distributed uniformly a close spacings, over the entire surface thereof; the openings are penetrated from the back to the front surface openings.
  • the developer of this invention could be water, or other incombustible, odorless and innoxious solutions containing water.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the contact angle of a liquid drop on the surface of a liquid repellent film
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the change of the said contact angle, when the liquid repellent film is charged;
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective, enlarged view of a fine porous developer supply unit in accordance with the teachings of this invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the developer supply unit shown in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a further cross-sectional view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 7 is a side view of another embodiment of this invention.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a liquid drop 2 of water disposed on an uncharged liquid repellent film 1.
  • the contact angle 6 between the film surface uncharged and the drop is greater than and the film surface is not wetted.
  • the liquid repellent insulating film is charged; as a result the contact angle 0 decreases to less than 90, and the liquid drop is able to wet the film surface.
  • the wetting effect is dependent upon the liquid repellent intensity of the film surface, the kind of liquid, and the applied voltages.
  • the contact angle 0 of an uncharged film is 108.
  • the angle 0 decreases to 56 and the film surface is wetted.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a photosensitive plate used in accordance with the teachings of this invention.
  • a layer 5 having a liquid repellent surface and a specified thickness is formed on a substrate 4 to form a composite assembly.
  • a plurality of minute pore openings 6 extend through the composite assembly and are distributed uniformly at close spacings over the entire surface thereof.
  • the composite assembly shown in FIG. 3 forms unit 7.
  • FIG. 4 shows the arrangement of the liquid developer supply unit 7 indicated in FIG. 3 in relation to an electrostatic-latent image forming unit
  • the electrostatic latent image forming unit 8 is a sensitive plate composed basically of a conductive supporting substrate 9, a photoconductive layer 10, and an insulating layer lll, as illustratively described in US. Pat. application Ser. No. 528,624.
  • the photosensitive plate ti may be charged with electrostatic latent images 3 (indicated by dotted lines), and disposed in the front of the developer supply unit '7.
  • the substrate 4 of the unit 7 is selected properly so that the contact angle of the developing liquid therewith is less than 90 to thereby wet the substrate surface.
  • the characteristics of the liquid repellent layer 5 is selectively chosen that the contact angle of the developing liquid exceeds 90 in the absence of a charge, but becomes less than 90 in the presence of a weak electric field to permit the surface of the liquid repellent layer to be wetted.
  • the liquid developer is supplied from the back surface of the developing supply unit '7, whereby the developer enters the minute pores 6 of the substrate 4 to be selectively directed to the liquid repellent surface of layer 5. in particular, the flow of the developer through the pores 6 is retarder to a greater extent at those portions of the unit '7 where no electrostatic latent image has been established. Conversely, the liquid developer is drawn through the minute pores 6 of the substrate 4 under the influence of the charges of the latent images, which generate an electrostatic induction or an electrostatic polarization to attract the liquid developer. At the same time, the contact angle of the liquid developer with respect to the liquid repellent layer is decreased at those portions of the unit 7 adjacent to the electrostatic images formed on the unit 8.
  • the developer therefore, wets the inside of the minute pores 6 of the liquid repellent layer to exude onto the surface of this layer 5.
  • the liquid repellent layer 5 of the developer supply unit '7 entirely restricts developer flow at the portions disposed adjacent to those portions of unit 8 where no latent image is formed, and causes the developer to exude onto those portions adjacent to the latent image.
  • the thickness of the liquid repellent layer is selected in the range of 3;; to 400,11. and is preferably determined to be from S r to 330p.
  • the thickness of the liquid repellent layer is less than 3a, the surface portions without a latent image are often contaminated by fine dust and other particles adhering to the minute pores, to effect thereby the uniformity of liquid flow through the minute pores and/or to interrupt the smooth surface of the latent image forming unit.
  • this thickness exceeds 400a, the effect of the charge of the latent image is weakened and sufficient developer flow does not readily occur.
  • the optimum thickness of the liquid repellent layer varies with the quantity of the charges of the latent images, the velocity of the developer flow, the viscosity of the developer, the dielectric constant and electric resistance of the developer, the surface tension of the developer and the distance between the developer supply unit and the surface of the latent image, etc. According to results of conducted experiments, good results may be obtained when the thickness of the liquid repellent layer is selected in the range of 5,u to 330p.
  • the developer exuded onto the surface of the liquid repellent layer d is attracted to those surface portions adjacent to the latent image to thereby develop the latent images.
  • the developer does not come into contact with the surface of the latent image forming unit, where no latent image appears so that the latent image forming unit does not necessarily require a surface having a liquid repelling property; therefore, various types of latent image forming units may be used in this invention.
  • the size of the minute pores or openings of the substrate of the liquid developer supply unit varies with the resolution of the copied image required and is selected in the range of 10 .t to 100,11 and is preferably chosen to be in the range of 10p to 50,11. for business copy.
  • the spacing between pores is selected in the range of 10,41. to 100p
  • the size of a minute pore becomes less than 10g, the pores are blocked with accumulations of developers when the developer supply unit is used repeatedly.
  • the pore diameter is greater than 100 ,u, the liquid repelling force of the layer becomes weak and the portions of the surface of this layer where no latent image exists become contaminated and the printed image becomes visually rough.
  • the substrate with minute pores may be easily made by wellknown methods of manufacturing a metallic porous filter by perforating the minute pores of the desired sizes on the entire surface, or by photoetching on a copper (or other suitable metallic) plate; alternatively a metallic mesh with interstices of the desired size may also be used as the substrate of the invention.
  • the substrate 41 may be made liquid repellent: l) by spraying to form the coating; 2) by connecting the substrate to one polarity of a DC power source, and 3) by applying electric charges of opposite polarity to the sprayed liquid particles at the time when the solution such as polyethylene, polystyrene, alkyd resin or silicone varnish, etc., is being sprayed thereon.
  • the coating may be formed by applying a thin film of oil and fat such as mineral oil, wax, etc., onto the surface of the substrate.
  • those materials having a Contact angle with respect to the liquid component of the developer is over with no charge and is less than 90 under the effect of the electric charges of the latent image, and can be used to form the liquid repellent layer of this invention.
  • the developer of this invention is composed of a liquid as main agent and of such agents to adjust coloring, surface tension, and viscosity, etc.
  • the composing liquid of the developer must have an affinity with the substrate, to achieve a contact angle not less than 90 to the liquid repellent surface of the developer supply unit, and less than 90 when exposed to the effects of the electric charges of the latent image to permit wetting of the liquid repellent layer on the surface portions adjacent to the latent images of the latent image forming unit.
  • Water, glycerine, ethylene, glycol, etc. are suitable for use as the composing liquid of the devel oper, when the materials of the liquid repellent layer are polyethylene, polysylene, 4-fluoro ethylene, 3- fluoro ethylene chloride, silicone varnish, and alkyd resin.
  • the coloring agent may be disposed in either a liquid state or in a suspension state, or may be the mixture of both states.
  • the developer liquid is water or includes water as a component such water-soluble dyes as malachite green, methyl violet, victoria blue, persian orange, etc., may be used.
  • the developer liquid includes alcohol, such alcohol-soluble dyes as pigment green, carmine FB, etc., may be used.
  • the surface tension adjusting agent is employed to adjust the optimum contact angle according to the properties of the liquid repellent layer and the developing velocity, and is adjusted by mixing two kinds of liquid having different surface tension, or by utilizing a very small amount of a well known surface active agent.
  • the viscosity adjusting agent is added to adjust the liquidity of the developer according to the developing velocity.
  • a liquid soluble resin such as polyvinyl alcohol, dextrin, gelatin, methyl melamin, etc.
  • the viscosity adjusting agent can also serve to fix the coloring agent when the developer drys after being transferred to the electrostatic latent image forming unit or to a piece of blank print paper (medium).
  • the electrostatic latent image which is developed in accordance with the method of this invention, may be applied to many different electrostatic reproducing processes such as the method wherein images are formed by an electric discharge on the surface of an insulating film, etc., or the method wherein a latent image is formed by electric charge or light irradiation onto a photoconductive sensitive plate composed of zinc oxide, cadmium sulfide, selenium, organic semiconductor, etc.
  • the latent images however, must be maintained at least until the development is performed. For this reason, the methods of forming an electrostatic latent image by distributing internal electric charges or space electric charges, as described in Japanese Patent Publications No. 23,910/1967, No. 1552/1968, and No. 6385/1969, or by the PIP method may be preferred.
  • FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of the developing apparatus of the invention, having a developer supply unit of cylindrical configuration.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-section view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of the developer supply unit including an endless belt member. 7
  • Unit 13 supplies the developer to the inside surface of a cylindrical unit 12 or endless belt developer supply unit 12a.
  • the units 12 and 12a supply the liquid developer through the pores to selected portions of the surface of the repellent layer 5.
  • the repellent layer 5 is disposed over the entire surface of the porous substrate 4 except for those portions of the fine pores.
  • the unit 13 causes the developer to drain from a small hole 16 located at the tip of a pipe which is disposed along the axis of the unit 12.
  • the developer is supplied to the back surface of a flexible belt 12a by a roller 17 which is employed to draw developer from a reservoir thereof and apply it to the back surface of the flexible belt 12a.
  • both units 12 and 12a include the porous substrate 4 and the repellent layer 5.
  • the unit 12 When the developer supply unit 12 is rotated in the direction of the arrow by a driving device (not shown), the unit 12 applies the developer from its back surface to those portions of its front surface opposite the electrostatic latent images formed on the image forming unit 8. As the unit 8 is moved in the direction shown by the arrow and the units 12 and 12a rotate, successive portions of the latent image are brought in close relation to the developer supply unit 12 to thereby transfer the developer onto those surface portions of the unit 8 charged with the latent image.
  • the porous substrate of 3-mm thickness was made by pressing and sintering brass powder having grain diameters in the order of 50p.
  • the surface of the substrate was ground smoothly, and openings or pores disposed therethrough having a mean diameter in the order of l4;1.
  • the substrate was connected to an electrode of l KV D.C. source while the other source electrode is connected to a spray nozzle.
  • a silicone varnish (with 5 percent parts of resin) is sprayed by the nozzle to be electrodeposited on the substrate; the dried varnish forms the liquid repellent layer of about p. thickness.
  • This substrate was used as a developer supply unit.
  • a liquid developer composed of Methylene blue 6g Polyvinyl alcohol (3% solution) 50cc Water 50cc was supplied uniformly to the back of the supply unit.
  • the surface of the liquid repellent layer of this unit was press-contacted with a zinc oxide sensitized paper, upon which the electrostatic latent image was formed.
  • the parts of the latent images were developed onto the sensitized paper as clear blue images corresponding to the original picture image.
  • a liquid repellent layer of 81L thickness was made by the same method as the Example 1 on one surface of a brass screen of 30 cm width and 250 meshes; the covering screen was used as the endless developer supply unit 120 of the FIG. 7.
  • the latent image forming unit 8 was formed in the following manner.
  • Example 2 Cadmium sulfide activated by copper g Vinyl chloride 20g Xylene 50cc Dichlrol ethane 10cc EXAMPLE 3
  • a benzol solution of low molecular weight polyethylene was electrodeposited by the method set out in Example 1, on the surface of a substrate perforated by minute pores having a diameter of about 5051.. The pores were formed by photoetching to a density of 100 pores per mm through a copper plate of 50p. thickness.
  • the substrate was heated sufficiently, fused, and adhered to provide the developer supply unit 12.
  • electrostatic latent images formed on a zinc oxide sensitized paper were developed at the speed of 7 cm per second by a developer composed of,
  • Apparatus for electrostatically reproducing an original image onto an image bearing medium comprising:
  • supply means for supplying a liquid developer
  • transfer means including a first layer having a first exposed surface, and a second layer disposed upon said first layer to form a composite assembly, said second layer having a liquid repellent, second surface, said composite assembly having a plurality of openings disposed therethrough, each of said openings through said first layer presenting a surface wettable whereby the flow of liquid developer from said supply means is facilitated;
  • Electrostatic printing apparatus for developing electrostatic images on a photoconductive plate with a liquid developer containing fine colored particles suspended in an aqueous liquid carrier which comprises:
  • a developer supply unit having a back surface and a repellent surface layer 3400p. thick over the back surface forming a front surface, said developer supply unit having uniformly closely spaced l0-l00u pores in said back surface and said repellent layer penetrating from the front surface through the back surface;
  • repellent layer comprises polyethylene, polystyrene, poly-4- fluoroethylene, poly-3-fluoroethylene chloride, silicone varnish or alkyd resin.
  • the developer supply unit comprises a cylindrical member including said substrate and said repellent layer forming an outer surface of said cylindrical member.
  • the developer supply unit comprises a flexible endless belt substrate.
  • Electrostatic apparatus for developing latent images on a photoconductive member with a liquid developer containing particles suspended in a watercontaining carrier which comprises:
  • a developer supply unit having a substrate with a liquid-repellent layer disposed on the substrate, said developer supply unit having a plurality of pores through the substrate and repellent layer, said substrate exhibiting affinity for the liquid developer;
  • said developer supply unit having means comprising said liquid repellent material forming a contact angle in said pores greater than 90 with watercontaining liquid developer in the absence of an electrostatic field and less than 90 under the influence of said electrostatic latent image, thereby permitting flow of the liquid developer through said pores adjacent said latent image.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Wet Developing In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Liquid Developers In Electrophotography (AREA)
US227025A 1971-02-18 1972-02-17 Electrostatic developing apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3894512A (en)

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JP707671A JPS5518906B1 (enExample) 1971-02-18 1971-02-18

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Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3985437A (en) * 1973-01-12 1976-10-12 Coulter Information Systems, Inc. Electrostatic image recording device having partially collapsible toner applicator
US4058637A (en) * 1971-02-18 1977-11-15 Research And Development Laboratories Of Ohno Co., Ltd. Electrostatic developing method
US6148166A (en) * 1998-08-28 2000-11-14 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Image forming apparatus for forming images with liquid developer
US6387331B1 (en) * 1998-01-12 2002-05-14 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Method and apparatus for performing microassays
US20050059074A1 (en) * 1999-03-19 2005-03-17 Volker Schellenberger Cell analysis in multi-through-hole testing plate
US20050148066A1 (en) * 2000-02-18 2005-07-07 O'keefe Matthew Apparatus and methods for parallel processing of micro-volume liquid reactions
US20050280811A1 (en) * 2003-09-19 2005-12-22 Donald Sandell Grooved high density plate
US20060105453A1 (en) * 2004-09-09 2006-05-18 Brenan Colin J Coating process for microfluidic sample arrays
US20080108112A1 (en) * 2000-02-18 2008-05-08 Biotrove, Inc. Apparatus and methods for parallel processing of micro-volume liquid reactions
US7547556B2 (en) 1998-01-12 2009-06-16 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Methods for filing a sample array by droplet dragging
US20090262164A1 (en) * 2008-04-17 2009-10-22 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Developer supply device, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus
US7682565B2 (en) 2002-12-20 2010-03-23 Biotrove, Inc. Assay apparatus and method using microfluidic arrays
US8105554B2 (en) 2004-03-12 2012-01-31 Life Technologies Corporation Nanoliter array loading
US8277753B2 (en) 2002-08-23 2012-10-02 Life Technologies Corporation Microfluidic transfer pin
US12070731B2 (en) 2004-08-04 2024-08-27 Life Technologies Corporation Methods and systems for aligning dispensing arrays with microfluidic sample arrays

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Cited By (37)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4058637A (en) * 1971-02-18 1977-11-15 Research And Development Laboratories Of Ohno Co., Ltd. Electrostatic developing method
US3985437A (en) * 1973-01-12 1976-10-12 Coulter Information Systems, Inc. Electrostatic image recording device having partially collapsible toner applicator
US7547556B2 (en) 1998-01-12 2009-06-16 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Methods for filing a sample array by droplet dragging
US6387331B1 (en) * 1998-01-12 2002-05-14 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Method and apparatus for performing microassays
US6743633B1 (en) 1998-01-12 2004-06-01 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Method for performing microassays
US20040171166A1 (en) * 1998-01-12 2004-09-02 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Method and apparatus for performing microassays
US8029745B2 (en) 1998-01-12 2011-10-04 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Systems for filling a sample array by droplet dragging
US6148166A (en) * 1998-08-28 2000-11-14 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Image forming apparatus for forming images with liquid developer
US20060183171A1 (en) * 1999-03-19 2006-08-17 Volker Schellenberger High-throughput screening with multi-through hole testing plate
US10195579B2 (en) 1999-03-19 2019-02-05 Life Technologies Corporation Multi-through hole testing plate for high throughput screening
US20050059074A1 (en) * 1999-03-19 2005-03-17 Volker Schellenberger Cell analysis in multi-through-hole testing plate
US7666360B2 (en) 1999-03-19 2010-02-23 Biotrove, Inc. Multi-through hole testing plate for high throughput screening
US10378049B2 (en) 2000-02-18 2019-08-13 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Apparatus and methods for parallel processing of microvolume liquid reactions
US7604983B2 (en) 2000-02-18 2009-10-20 Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Apparatus and methods for parallel processing of micro-volume liquid reactions
US10227644B2 (en) 2000-02-18 2019-03-12 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Apparatus and methods for parallel processing of microvolume liquid reactions
US20080108112A1 (en) * 2000-02-18 2008-05-08 Biotrove, Inc. Apparatus and methods for parallel processing of micro-volume liquid reactions
US9518299B2 (en) 2000-02-18 2016-12-13 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Apparatus and methods for parallel processing of micro-volume liquid reactions
US7833719B2 (en) 2000-02-18 2010-11-16 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Apparatus and methods for parallel processing of micro-volume liquid reactions
US20050148066A1 (en) * 2000-02-18 2005-07-07 O'keefe Matthew Apparatus and methods for parallel processing of micro-volume liquid reactions
US8906618B2 (en) 2000-02-18 2014-12-09 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Apparatus and methods for parallel processing of micro-volume liquid reactions
US8685340B2 (en) 2002-08-23 2014-04-01 Life Technologies Corporation Microfluidic transfer pin
US8277753B2 (en) 2002-08-23 2012-10-02 Life Technologies Corporation Microfluidic transfer pin
US9428800B2 (en) 2002-12-20 2016-08-30 Life Technologies Corporation Thermal cycling apparatus and method
US7682565B2 (en) 2002-12-20 2010-03-23 Biotrove, Inc. Assay apparatus and method using microfluidic arrays
US8697452B2 (en) 2002-12-20 2014-04-15 Life Technologies Corporation Thermal cycling assay apparatus and method
US20050280811A1 (en) * 2003-09-19 2005-12-22 Donald Sandell Grooved high density plate
US10065189B2 (en) 2004-03-12 2018-09-04 Life Technologies Corporation Nanoliter array loading
US9266108B2 (en) 2004-03-12 2016-02-23 Life Technologies Corporation Nanoliter array loading
US8545772B2 (en) 2004-03-12 2013-10-01 Life Technologies Corporation Nanoliter array loading
US8105554B2 (en) 2004-03-12 2012-01-31 Life Technologies Corporation Nanoliter array loading
US10974247B2 (en) 2004-03-12 2021-04-13 Life Technologies Corporation Nanoliter array loading
US10213761B2 (en) 2004-08-04 2019-02-26 Life Technologies Corporation Coating process for microfluidic sample arrays
US11154834B2 (en) 2004-08-04 2021-10-26 Life Technologies Corporation Coating process for microfluidic sample arrays
US12070731B2 (en) 2004-08-04 2024-08-27 Life Technologies Corporation Methods and systems for aligning dispensing arrays with microfluidic sample arrays
US20060105453A1 (en) * 2004-09-09 2006-05-18 Brenan Colin J Coating process for microfluidic sample arrays
US8090299B2 (en) * 2008-04-17 2012-01-03 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Developer supply device, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus
US20090262164A1 (en) * 2008-04-17 2009-10-22 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Developer supply device, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus

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