US3886602A - Wave quenching device - Google Patents
Wave quenching device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3886602A US3886602A US455630A US45563074A US3886602A US 3886602 A US3886602 A US 3886602A US 455630 A US455630 A US 455630A US 45563074 A US45563074 A US 45563074A US 3886602 A US3886602 A US 3886602A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- wave
- barrier elements
- float
- wafers
- accordance
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H4/00—Swimming or splash baths or pools
- E04H4/14—Parts, details or accessories not otherwise provided for
- E04H4/143—Swimming lane markers with or without wave suppressors
Definitions
- ABSTRACT A float to be strung on lines to mark the lanes for swimmers in a racing meet is molded in one piece from plastic and comprises fin-like wafers uniformly spaced apart, and barrier elements normal to and extending between confronting faces of adjacent discs. Circumferentially of the discs the barrier elements are in sets of four in quadrature, and longitudinally of the float they are aligned to form four sets in quadrature.
- the floats have an axial bore whereby they may be strung on a line or cable.
- the float disclosed in the aforementioned patent is Comprised of a plurality of radially disposed ribs supported by an elongate cylindrical member and which in turn support a plurality of spaced rings having substantlany flat peripheral surfaces. It is specified in the patent that the area of the space between adjacent rings rs smaller than the surface area of the ring. It was found that although that float operated as a shock absorbing Y T taking some of the energy out of the water by forcing it to pass through the slots between the rings, substantial quantities of the water bounced off the flat surfaces of the rings and back into the lane, thereby falling short of optimum quelling of turbulence for the benefit of the swimmer.
- the float is molded in one piece from foamed plastic and comprises wafer components, a preferred embodiment thereof being discs and interconnecting barrier elements, the wafers being generally uniformly spaced along the axis of the float and normal to that axis.
- the barr er elements are normal to and extend between confronting faces of adjacent wafers.
- Four barrier elements comprise a set in the space between two adjacent and y are in a relationship of quadrature. L9ngltudinally of the float the barrier elements are ahgned in four Sets p e ing the axis of the float.
- the wafers are thin in relation to the spacing between adjacent and their Posed edges are rounded, prefermto a semicircular cross-sectional configuration.
- a bore extends through the float from end to end whereby the floats may be strung end to end on a line to mark the boundary between adjacent racing lanes.
- waves striking the rounded edges of the wafers are not significantly reflected back toward the swimmer by the edges of the wafers but instead slide off sideways and enter the space between adjacent wafers.
- the wafers direct the turbulent water entering the spaces between the wafers to impinge upon the faces of the barrier elements or baffles, which yieldingly resist the force of the turbulent water due to the freedom of the float to rotate on the line which supports it, and thus wave energy is absorbed and turbulence quelled.
- FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken generally on the line 44 of FIG. 3;
- FIGS. 5, 6, 7 and 8 are vertical sectional views showing in sequential steps the response of a float in accordance with the present invention to waves directed toward it.
- the reference numerals 12 and 14 designate the end walls and a sidewall respectively of a swimming pool. Cables 16 extend from one end wall 12 of the swimming pool to the other and have strung thereon a plurality of floats designated generally be-the reference numeral 18. For the purposes of the present disclosure it is immaterial how the cables 16 are secured at the ends or drawn to the desired degree of tautness.
- My aforementioned patent discloses a take-up winch to be associated with a float at the end of a string of floats and that float is provided with eye-fittings at both ends, one to be engaged by a book which also engages a ring secured to an end wall of the swimming pool and the other to receive a hook at the end of the cable.
- the cable is shorter than the length of the swimming pool by a length approximating that of the take-up mechanism associated with the end float and the hook.
- the principal components of the float 18 are a plurality of wafers, shown in the drawings as circular discs, designated generally by the reference numeral 24, and a plurality of intervening barrier elements, designated generally by the reference numeral 21.
- the wafers 24 will hereinafter be called discs because they are shown in the drawings as such. It will be understood, however, that they may be square or any other geometrical shape having like areas symmetrical about a central point that can serve as an axis.
- the discs 24 are spaced apart generally uniform distances throughout the length of the float.
- the barrier elements 21 interconnect the confronting faces of adjacent discs 24 and are normal to those faces.
- barrier elements 21 are provided in the space between each two confronting disc faces, and they extend radially of the discs and are disposed in quadrature about the axis of the float. Moreover, the barrier elements 21 are aligned longitudinally of the float in four sets which, of course, are in quadrature.
- the barrier elements 21 divide the discs 24 into four quadrants, which in FIG. 3 have been designated by the reference numerals 26a, 26b, 26c and 26d, and from a three-dimensional standpoint they divide the space between two adjacent discs into four quadrantshaped pockets. Also in FIGS. 3 and 5 to 8 the barrier elements of one quadrature set have been designated by the reference numerals 22a, 22b, 22c and 22d. Preferably the outer or exposed edges of the barrier elements 21 are at the same distance from the axis of the float as the edges of the discs 24.
- the float may be injection molded of low density polyethylene foam so that it is a one-piece structure, the discs 24 being integral with the radially extending components that form the barrier elements 21.
- the float In order to provide a bore through the float structure whereby it may be strung on a cord the float may be injection molded around a spindle, which, when withdrawn, provides the axial bore 28. Because the inner edges of the barrier elements 21 cannot be closer to the axis of the float than the surface of the removable spindle upon which the float is molded, the spindle may be of such diameter as to leave a narrow slot at the base of each pocket formed by confronting faces of two barrier elements and two adjacent discs.
- the barrier elements 21 slope downwardly toward the axis of the float as indicated by the reference numeral 30 and the discs correspondingly diminish in diameter as represented by the reference numerals 32 and 34.
- the disc 34 at the end slopes away toward the end of the float as indicated by reference numeral 36 and it terminates in a flat face 38 of small diameter to bear against the corresponding face of the next float on a lane-marking string of floats. This sloping also accommodates coiling of the line of floats.
- the float may be injection molded in one piece, preferably using low density polymeric plastic foam, such as polyethylene.
- a blowing agent such as nitrogen may be employed to impart the desired density to the float.
- the float has a density of approximately .50, so that as a free-floating object it will float substantially one-half submerged and the remainder exposed above the surface of calm water. Because the length of the float is substantially greater than its average diameter, its floating attitude of equilibrium is with its axis horizontal. When it floats in this manner its attitude is as represented in FIGS. 3 and 5, two opposite longitudinal sets of the barrier elements 21 lying horizontally and substantially in the plane of the surface of the water and the other two sets standing vertically, and it tends always to rotate to this position.
- FIGS. 5 to 8 inclusive show generally the action of a float under the influence of a wave traveling toward it in the water.
- the float 18 is shown in the same attitude as in FIG. 3 and it will be assumed that it has been floating quietly in calm water.
- a wave front or wavelet such as 40 approaches the float, enters the pockets between adjacent ones of the thin discs 24 and strikes the surface of the barrier element 22a.
- the barrier elements 22b and 22c being in the water, offer some resistance to rotation of the float, thus diminishing to some extent the force of the wave front 40 and causing it to build up against the barrier element 22a. Presuming that the wave front 40 has sufficient force to cause rotation of the float it rotates in the direction indicated by the arrow, the pockets bounded by the two barrier elements 22a and 22d and the many discs 24 filling with water.
- the trailing slope of the wave continues to move toward the float, now directing its force against the right hand surface of the barrier element 22d and forcing continued rotation of the float counterclockwise.
- the float is now in a condition of unstable equilibrium, because water is held between the confronting faces of the barrier elements 22a and 22d and there is little water between the confronting faces of the barrier elements 22a and 2212. Accordingly, continued counterclockwise movement of the float occurs and as soon as its movement has exceeded 45 from the initial position the water held between the confronting faces of the barrier elements 22a and 22d spills over onto the opposite side of the float, filling the spaces between the confronting faces of the barrier elements 22a and 22b.
- the discs 24 with the intervening spaces also provide substantial resistance to longitudinal waves traveling lengthwise of the string and tend to quell such longitudinal waves.
- the discs 24 are thin in comparison with the space between adjacent discs and their exposed edges as well as the exposed edges of the barrier elements 21 are rounded, as for example being semicircular in cross-section, so that they deflect impinging water laterally and into the pockets between the discs and barrier elements rather than reflecting the water back into the racing lane.
- the floats absorb and dissipate turbulence created by the swimmers rather than contribute to that turbulence.
- this edge shape avoids presentation of a hazardous sharp edge to the swimmer.
- the spacing between adjacent discs 24 is comparable with the thickness of an average adult finger at the tip, so that a swimmer cannot accidentally thrust the tip of a finger into one of the spaces as far as the first joint, and thereby the possiblity of wrenching a finger joint due to the forward motion of the swimmer relative to the string of floats is avoided.
- a spacing which will preclude accidental entry of a fingertip between two of the discs still provides a generous space between them for entry of turbulent water, particularly if the thickness of the discs is of the order of one-half to one-third the width of the space between discs.
- discs need only sufficient thickness to render them relatively stiff, although the injection molding technique establishes a certain minimum thickness.
- a wave quelling device comprising:
- means for dividing the space between adjacent wafers into pockets comprising a plurality of barrier elements extending transversely between confronting surfaces of adjacent wafers, at least one of said barrier elements being above the surface of the water so that turbulence in the water such as waves impinges on the barrier elements exposed above the surface of the water which extend substantially entirely across the space between adjacent wafers and imparts to the device rotation about the axis, which rotation is resisted by submerged barrier elements to dampen the wave action.
- a wave quelling device in accordance with claim 1 wherein:
- edges of the wafers are convexly curved to deflect waves impinging upon the wafer edges in a wavediverting manner.
- edges of the wafers have a generally semicircular cross-section.
- a wave quelling device in accordance with claim 1 wherein:
- the wafers are generally equidistant from one another;
- the distance between two adjacent wafers approximates the thickness of an average adult human finger at the tip and consequently precludes entry of the finger as far as the first joint thereof.
- a wave quelling device in accordance with claim 4 wherein:
- the thickness of the wafers is less than about one-half the distance between two adjacent wafers.
- a wave quelling device in accordance with claim 1 wherein:
- the barrier elements are arranged in rows parallel to the common axis of the wafers.
- the rows of barrier elements are radial with respect to the axis and uniformly spaced around said axis.
- a wave quelling device in accordance with claim 6 wherein:
- the rows of barrier elements are'disposed in quadrature relationship.
- a wave quelling device in accordance with claim 1 wherein:
- the wafers also quell waves longitudinal to the axis.
- a wave quelling device in accordance with claim 1 wherein:
- the wafers are circular discs.
- a wave quelling device in accordance with claim 11 wherein:
- the outer edges of the barrier elements associated with the discs at the two ends of the device slope toward the axis of the float at a rate generally matching the diminution in the radii of the discs at ends of the device.
- the outermost disc at each end of the device has a thickness substantially greater than the others to form a hub and it tapers toward the axis of the float to present a reduced diameter face to bear against the corresponding face of the adjacent float on the line.
- a wave quelling device in accordance with claim 1 wherein:
- the wafers and the barrier elements are formed integrally.
- a wave quelling device in accordance with claim 1 wherein:
- the wafers and the barrier elements are molded of plastic.
- a wave quelling device in accordance with claim 15 wherein:
- the wafers and the barrier elements are injection molded in one piece using a polymer, typified by polyethylene, foamed to achieve a density of approximately .50 whereby the float as a free-floating object floats half submerged and half exposed.
- a polymer typified by polyethylene
- a wave quelling device in accordance with claim 6 wherein:
- the rows of barrier elements are in quadrature.
- the wafers and barrier elements comprising the float are formed of a material providing a density of .50 so that the float as a free-floating object in water floats half submerged and half exposed with two of the rows of barrier elements at the surface of the water and the other two rows of barrier elements standing vertically.
- a float adapted for stringing end to end on parallel lines to delineate lanes for swimmers which comprises:
- means for dividing the space between adjacent discs into sector-shaped pockets comprising a plurality of barrier elements disposed in quadrature and extending radially from the axial apertures in the discs to the edges thereof and between confronting faces of adjacent discs and normal to said faces:
- barrier elements being arranged in rows parallel to the common axis of the discs and the rows accordingly being in quadrature so that the turbulence in the water such as waves impinging on the edges of the discs is deflected outwardly in a wavedissipating manner and wave components entering the spaces between the discs and impinging upon the barrier elements impart to the float rotation about the line, which rotation is cushioned by the submerged rows of barrier elements to further dissipate and quell the wave turbulence.
- a float in accordance with claim 18 wherein:
- the exposed edges of the barrier elements are rounded to deflect in a wave-dissipating manner waves impinging upon those edges.
- the spacing of the discs from one another is generally the greatest that will preclude entry into that space of an average adult fingertip as far as the first joint of the finger;
- the thickness of the discs is at least as large a fraction of the spacing of the discs as to impart stiffness to the discs.
- the discs and the barrier members are integral and molded in one piece of a polymeric plastic, exemplified by polyethylene.
- the polymeric plastic is foamed to impart to the float a density of approximately .50 so that the float as a free-floating object floats generally half submerged and half exposed.
- a float in accordance with claim 18 wherein:
- the mass of the combination of discs and barrier elements comprising the float is uniformly distributed throughout the length of the float and has a density of approximately .50 so that the float as a freefloating object floats generally half submerged and half exposed and the distribution of the barrier elements causes it to float with one pair of diametrically opposed rows of barrier elements horizontal and substantially at the surface of the water and with the other pair of rows of barrier elements standing vertically
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Abstract
Description
Claims (23)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US455630A US3886602A (en) | 1974-03-28 | 1974-03-28 | Wave quenching device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US455630A US3886602A (en) | 1974-03-28 | 1974-03-28 | Wave quenching device |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US3886602A true US3886602A (en) | 1975-06-03 |
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US455630A Expired - Lifetime US3886602A (en) | 1974-03-28 | 1974-03-28 | Wave quenching device |
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US (1) | US3886602A (en) |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4048677A (en) * | 1975-06-02 | 1977-09-20 | Kajlich Anton J | Turbulence inhibitors |
US4052755A (en) * | 1976-05-18 | 1977-10-11 | Baker William H | Wave-quelling float |
US4115190A (en) * | 1976-11-24 | 1978-09-19 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | High beta plasma operation in a toroidal plasma producing device |
US4616369A (en) * | 1985-05-28 | 1986-10-14 | Mcneil Corporation | Aquatic turbulence suppression device |
US4712944A (en) * | 1981-12-30 | 1987-12-15 | Rose Leo J | Sea wave dissipator apparatus and method for its manufacture |
US4894873A (en) * | 1988-04-21 | 1990-01-23 | Kiefer Jack K | Wave suppression means |
US5443408A (en) * | 1994-03-08 | 1995-08-22 | N. A. Taylor Co., Inc. | Low drag buoy |
US5558459A (en) * | 1995-02-13 | 1996-09-24 | Odenbach; Peter W. | Wave suppression means for large waves |
US20040031093A1 (en) * | 2000-09-13 | 2004-02-19 | Anton Kajlich | Equipment for faster swimming pools |
US20090133612A1 (en) * | 2005-01-03 | 2009-05-28 | Krzysztof Jan Wajnikonis | Dynamic motion suppression of riser, umbilical and jumper lines |
WO2012071594A2 (en) * | 2010-11-26 | 2012-05-31 | Steven Alan Wolfowitz | Device for deriving energy from wave motion |
US20130236248A1 (en) * | 2010-04-15 | 2013-09-12 | Robic | Water wave breaker assembly |
US20150089731A1 (en) * | 2013-10-02 | 2015-04-02 | Thomas J. Lochtefeld | Method and apparatus for managing and controlling breaker waves in a wave pool |
US10072434B1 (en) * | 2017-07-11 | 2018-09-11 | Sibaud Sports and Leisure Development Co., Ltd. | Wave-dissipating float for swimming pool lane rope |
KR102228011B1 (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2021-03-15 | 최병삼 | process of making cover block |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3074083A (en) * | 1959-11-05 | 1963-01-22 | Hermsdorf Fixture Mfg Co Inc | Cable float |
US3304560A (en) * | 1964-08-05 | 1967-02-21 | Adolph Kiefer & Company | Turbulence-reducing device for swimming pools |
US3540063A (en) * | 1969-02-04 | 1970-11-17 | Swimquip Inc | Turbulence dispelling float device and string |
US3755829A (en) * | 1972-03-28 | 1973-09-04 | A Mc Neil Corps | Turbulence suppression apparatus for a body of water |
US3757370A (en) * | 1972-05-10 | 1973-09-11 | H Seno | Rope and float assembly for use as a course demarcation line in a swimming pool |
US3786521A (en) * | 1972-07-13 | 1974-01-22 | Kiefer A Mcneil Corp | Swinging baffle element for water turbulence suppression systems |
US3793657A (en) * | 1971-05-28 | 1974-02-26 | Svejsa As | Device for separating the lanes in a swimming pool for swimming race |
-
1974
- 1974-03-28 US US455630A patent/US3886602A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3074083A (en) * | 1959-11-05 | 1963-01-22 | Hermsdorf Fixture Mfg Co Inc | Cable float |
US3304560A (en) * | 1964-08-05 | 1967-02-21 | Adolph Kiefer & Company | Turbulence-reducing device for swimming pools |
US3540063A (en) * | 1969-02-04 | 1970-11-17 | Swimquip Inc | Turbulence dispelling float device and string |
US3793657A (en) * | 1971-05-28 | 1974-02-26 | Svejsa As | Device for separating the lanes in a swimming pool for swimming race |
US3755829A (en) * | 1972-03-28 | 1973-09-04 | A Mc Neil Corps | Turbulence suppression apparatus for a body of water |
US3757370A (en) * | 1972-05-10 | 1973-09-11 | H Seno | Rope and float assembly for use as a course demarcation line in a swimming pool |
US3786521A (en) * | 1972-07-13 | 1974-01-22 | Kiefer A Mcneil Corp | Swinging baffle element for water turbulence suppression systems |
Cited By (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4048677A (en) * | 1975-06-02 | 1977-09-20 | Kajlich Anton J | Turbulence inhibitors |
US4052755A (en) * | 1976-05-18 | 1977-10-11 | Baker William H | Wave-quelling float |
US4115190A (en) * | 1976-11-24 | 1978-09-19 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | High beta plasma operation in a toroidal plasma producing device |
US4712944A (en) * | 1981-12-30 | 1987-12-15 | Rose Leo J | Sea wave dissipator apparatus and method for its manufacture |
US4616369A (en) * | 1985-05-28 | 1986-10-14 | Mcneil Corporation | Aquatic turbulence suppression device |
EP0203775A2 (en) * | 1985-05-28 | 1986-12-03 | Richey Industries, Inc. | Aquatic turbulence suppression device |
EP0203775A3 (en) * | 1985-05-28 | 1987-09-30 | Richey Industries, Inc. | Aquatic turbulence suppression device |
US4894873A (en) * | 1988-04-21 | 1990-01-23 | Kiefer Jack K | Wave suppression means |
US5443408A (en) * | 1994-03-08 | 1995-08-22 | N. A. Taylor Co., Inc. | Low drag buoy |
US5558459A (en) * | 1995-02-13 | 1996-09-24 | Odenbach; Peter W. | Wave suppression means for large waves |
US20040031093A1 (en) * | 2000-09-13 | 2004-02-19 | Anton Kajlich | Equipment for faster swimming pools |
US7100219B2 (en) * | 2000-09-13 | 2006-09-05 | Anton Kajlich | Equipment for faster swimming pools |
US20090133612A1 (en) * | 2005-01-03 | 2009-05-28 | Krzysztof Jan Wajnikonis | Dynamic motion suppression of riser, umbilical and jumper lines |
US20130236248A1 (en) * | 2010-04-15 | 2013-09-12 | Robic | Water wave breaker assembly |
US8851793B2 (en) * | 2010-04-15 | 2014-10-07 | 9223-0523 Quebec Inc. | Water wave breaker assembly |
WO2012071594A2 (en) * | 2010-11-26 | 2012-05-31 | Steven Alan Wolfowitz | Device for deriving energy from wave motion |
WO2012071594A3 (en) * | 2010-11-26 | 2012-10-11 | Steven Alan Wolfowitz | Device for deriving energy from wave motion |
GB2501998A (en) * | 2010-11-26 | 2013-11-13 | Steven Alan Wolfowitz | Device for deriving energy from wave motion |
US20150089731A1 (en) * | 2013-10-02 | 2015-04-02 | Thomas J. Lochtefeld | Method and apparatus for managing and controlling breaker waves in a wave pool |
US11572702B2 (en) * | 2013-10-02 | 2023-02-07 | Thomas J. Lochtefeld | Method and apparatus for managing and controlling breaker waves in a wave pool |
US20230243171A1 (en) * | 2013-10-02 | 2023-08-03 | Thomas J. Lochtefeld | Method and apparatus for managing and controlling breaker waves in a wave pool |
US10072434B1 (en) * | 2017-07-11 | 2018-09-11 | Sibaud Sports and Leisure Development Co., Ltd. | Wave-dissipating float for swimming pool lane rope |
KR102228011B1 (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2021-03-15 | 최병삼 | process of making cover block |
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Legal Events
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: BAKER-HYDRO INCORPORATED, A CORP. OF PA, PENNSYLVA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:TOLO INCORPORATED;REEL/FRAME:005006/0697 Effective date: 19881101 Owner name: TOLO INCORPORATED, A CORP. OF CA, CALIFORNIA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:BAKER-HYDRO INCORPORATED;REEL/FRAME:005006/0695 Effective date: 19861001 |
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Owner name: FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF BOSTON, THE, MASSACHUSETTS Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BAKER-HYDRO INCORPORATED;REEL/FRAME:005075/0632 Effective date: 19880923 |
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Owner name: KIEFER, DALE A., LOS ANGELES, CA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:TOLO INCORPORATED;REEL/FRAME:005146/0391 Effective date: 19841226 |
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Owner name: BAKER-HYDRO INCORPORATED, R.D. #5, BOARD ROAD, BOX Free format text: RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF BOSTON, THE;REEL/FRAME:005617/0047 Effective date: 19901130 |