US3883291A - Oil applicator for reproduction machine fuser - Google Patents

Oil applicator for reproduction machine fuser Download PDF

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Publication number
US3883291A
US3883291A US417462A US41746273A US3883291A US 3883291 A US3883291 A US 3883291A US 417462 A US417462 A US 417462A US 41746273 A US41746273 A US 41746273A US 3883291 A US3883291 A US 3883291A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
roll
fuser
wiper
applicator
release material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US417462A
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English (en)
Inventor
Eugene F Cloutier
Douglas P Connolly
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Xerox Corp
Original Assignee
Xerox Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Xerox Corp filed Critical Xerox Corp
Priority to US417462A priority Critical patent/US3883291A/en
Priority to CA210,536A priority patent/CA1017790A/en
Priority to NL7414263A priority patent/NL7414263A/xx
Priority to DE19742452471 priority patent/DE2452471A1/de
Priority to BR9394/74A priority patent/BR7409394A/pt
Priority to JP49130392A priority patent/JPS5081554A/ja
Priority to BE150380A priority patent/BE822048A/fr
Priority to GB48856/74A priority patent/GB1480810A/en
Priority to IT29491/74A priority patent/IT1025743B/it
Priority to FR7438048A priority patent/FR2251849B1/fr
Priority to ES432090A priority patent/ES432090A1/es
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3883291A publication Critical patent/US3883291A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/20—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat
    • G03G15/2003—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat
    • G03G15/2014—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat using contact heat
    • G03G15/2017—Structural details of the fixing unit in general, e.g. cooling means, heat shielding means
    • G03G15/2025—Structural details of the fixing unit in general, e.g. cooling means, heat shielding means with special means for lubricating and/or cleaning the fixing unit, e.g. applying offset preventing fluid

Definitions

  • a wiper which may comprise a relatively soft roll element, bears against the roll surface to smooth out and remove excess liquid prior to contact of the fuser roll with the copy material being fused.
  • a common frame which is displaceable toward and away from the fuser roll, supports both the liquid applicator and the wiper.
  • Adjustable bias means on the frame simul taneously controls contact pressures of both applicator and wiper with the fuser roll so that a change in the contact pressure of the applicator with the fuser roll with attendant change in the amount of release material applied to the fuser roll by the applicator effects conjointly therewith, a change in wiping ability of the wiper.
  • a fixing or fusing apparatus In order to fix. i.e. fuse, the toner developed image of the original made by reproduction or copying ma chines, a fixing or fusing apparatus, commonly termed a fuser. is provided. While the fuser may take on many forms and types as, for example, a vapor fuser, heat or combination heat pressure type fusers appear most prevalent.
  • One common type of heat-pressure fuser consists of a heated fusing roll in operative contact with relatively soft pressure roll. In this type of fuser, the copy material, i.c. paper sheets, carrying a toner delineated image thereon pass between the nip formed by the rotating fusing and pressure rolls.
  • the surface of the fusing roll may, before contacting the copy, be coated with a release material, such as a silicone based oil.
  • a release material such as a silicone based oil.
  • This coating tends to reduce or eliminate any tendency for the copies to stick to the surface of the fusing roll without otherwise interfering with the fusing ability of the fuser.
  • application of such release material must be done discretely if excessive or nonuniform coatings are to be avoided. it being understood that too much release material may stain the copy. And even where the quantity of release material applied is carefully controlled, an excessive buildup may nevertheless occur following long periods of machine idleness. i.e. following overnight or weekend shutdown.
  • the applicator itself may over a long period of idleness, accumulate excessive amounts of the release material with the result that on first start-up of the machine, an excessive deposit of release material is made onto the fusing roll. This in turn carries over to the copy.
  • This invention relates to a reproduction machine adapted to produce copies of original documenets, the combination consisting of: a fuser for fixing the image developed on the copy material, the fuser including a cooperating pressure and heated fusing roll pair forming a fusing nip through which the copies being fused pass, a supply of liquid release material adapted for application to the surface of the fusing roll to prevent fused copy material from adhering to the fusing roll, applicator means in operative communication with the release material supply to apply the release material on the fusing roll surface, wiper means for wiping the surface of the fusing roll to remove excess release material and provide a uniform coating thereon before contact with the copy material, bias means for biasing the applicator means and the wiper means into pressure engagement with the fusing roll, and bias control means for si multaneously varying pressure between the fusing roll and both the applicator and wiper means whereby adjustment of the applicator means pressure to change the quantity of release material applied to the fusing roll automatically
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an exemplary reproduction or copying machine incorporating the improved fuser of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the re production machine fuser showing details of the fuser release material applying and wiping mechanism of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a top view in section showing details of the applying and wiping mechanism shown in FIG. 2.
  • an exemplary copier/reproduction machine designated generally by the numeral 10 and incorporating the improved fuser 38 of the present invention.
  • a light image of a document to be reproduced is projected onto the sensitized surface of a xerographic plate to form an electrostatic latent image thereon
  • the latent image is developed with an oppositely charged developing material to form a xerographic powder or toner image, corresponding to the latent image on the plate surface.
  • the toner image is then eleetrostatically transferred to a support surface where it is fused by a fusing device so that the toner image is permanently adhered to the support surface.
  • an original document [2 to be copied is placed upon a transparent support platen 14 fixedly arranged in an illumination assembly generally indicated by the reference numeral 15 and disposed at the left end of the machine. While upon the platen, the document 12 is illuminated, thereby producing image rays corresponding to the informational areas on the original. The image rays are projected by means of an optical system onto the photosensitive surface of a xerographic plate.
  • the xerographic plate is in the form of a flexible photoconductive belt 17 supported in a belt assembly 18.
  • the support assembly 18 for photoconductive belt 17 includes three rollers 20, 21, and 22 located with parallel axes at approximately the apices of a triangle.
  • the upper roller 22 is rotatably driven by a suitable motor and drive means (not shown) to drive belt 17 in the direction shown by the arrow in FIG. 1.
  • a suitable motor and drive means not shown
  • the reflected light image of the original document 12 on platen 14 isflashed upon the photoreceptor surface of belt 17 at an exposure station 25 to produce an electrostatic latent image thereon.
  • photoconductive belt 17 carries the electrostatic image through a developing station 26 in which there is positioned a developer assembly generally indicated by the reference numeral 28. There the latent electrostatic image is developed by means of toner through the use of a multiple magnetic brush system 29.
  • the developed electrostatic image is carried by belt 17 to the transfer station 30 where the developed image is transferred to a support surface, normally a sheet of copy paper 31, brought forward between transfer roller 32 and belt 17.
  • a support surface normally a sheet of copy paper 31, brought forward between transfer roller 32 and belt 17.
  • the copy sheet 31 is moved at substantially the same speed as belt 17.
  • a sheet transport mechanism generally indicated at 34 is provided to advance copy sheets 31 from a paper handling mechanism generally indicated by the reference numeral 35 to transfer station 30.
  • the copy sheet 31 is stripped from belt 17 and conveyed through fuser 38 wherein the toner image is permanently fused or affixed thereto. Following fusing, the finished copy is discharged into output tray 39.
  • Photoconductive belt 17 comprises a photoconductive layer of selenium. which is the light receiving surface and imaging medium for the apparatus, on a conductive backing. Further details regarding the structure ofthe belt assembly 12 and its relationship with the ma chine and support therefor may be found in US. Pat. No. 3,730,623, issued May l. 1973. and assigned to the same assignee.
  • fuser 38 includes a suitable housing 40 within which is disposed a lower heated fuser roll 41 and an upper backup or pressure roll 42, rolls 41, 42 cooperating to form a nip 43 through which the copy sheets 31 pass.
  • Rolls 41, 42 are suitably supported for rotation and driven in unison by a suitable drive means (not shown).
  • Back-up roll 42 includes a rigid internal core 64 which may be steel, for example, over which a sleeve-like cover 65 of flexible material having non-stick properties, such as Teflon, is disposed.
  • the fuser roll 41 similarly has a rigid internal core 66 which may, for example, be steel, having a relatively thick sleeve-like covering 67 thereover.
  • the fuser roll sleeve 67 is comprised of a flexible material, one such material being silicon rubber.
  • a lamp 44 is disposed within the fuser roll core 66, core 66 having a suitable opening 68 for receipt of lamp 44.
  • heat energy from lamp 44 permeates through the metal core 66 and outer sleeve 67 to heat the surface of roll 41 to the requisite temperature required to fuse the toner delineated images on the copy sheets 31.
  • other heating lamp arrangements or other heating sources may be used instead of the arrangement illustrated.
  • a suita'le release material or agent is applied to the surface of fuser roll 41.
  • the release material may comprise any suitable liquid, a preferred material is silicone oil.
  • a supply of liquid release material 70 is held in a sump 71.
  • Sump 71 which comprises a liquid container open at the top, is suitably supported within fuser housing 38 in spaced relationship below fuser roll 41. Sump 71 extends across the width of roll 41.
  • a spongelike applicator 73 is provided which extends across the width of fuser roll 41.
  • Applicator 73 comprises a relatively large, generally rectangular shaped element of a size sufficient to allow the mid-portion 74 thereof to ride against the surface of roll 41 and the trailing or depending ends 75 thereof to rest in sump 71.
  • a plate-like frame member 76 serves to support both applicator 73 and. as will appear herein, wiper 95.
  • Frame 76 is generally rectangular and swingably supported on transverse rod 77 across the mid portion thereof.
  • Rod 77 which is attached to the underside of frame member 76 by suitable means, is in turn rotat ably journaled in the opposing sides 78 of sump 7].
  • One end 79 of frame member 76 has a pair of substantially parallel elongated slot-like openings 80, 81 therethrough. the length of which are at least equal to the operating width of fuser roll 41.
  • applicator 73 for the release material 70 is, in effect, threaded through slots 80, 81, the portion of frame member 76 between slots 80, 81 serving to support the mid portion 74 of applicator 73 against the surface of fuser roll 41 with the loose ends 75 of applicator 73 projecting down from frame member 76 into the sump 7].
  • the opposite end 82 of frame member 76 is configured in the shape of an elongated recess or trench which extends below and parallel to fuser roll 41.
  • the length of trench 82 is at least equal to and preferably slightly greater than the operating width of fuser roll 41.
  • An elongated wiper support 83 is slidably disposed within the trench 82 for up and down move ment toward and away from fuser roll 41.
  • the length of wiper support 83 is at least equal to the operating width of fuser roll 41.
  • springs 85 are provided at spaced points along the length of trench 82.
  • base 86 of trench 82 has suitable openings 87 therein through which the depending stem 92 of tension plate 91 projects.
  • a downwardly projecting locating rod 89 supported from the base of wiper support 83, extends through spring 85 and tension plate 91.
  • the lower portion of spring 85 rests against the tension plate 91
  • the outer periphery of the depending stem 92 of plate 91 is threaded, and cooperating threads (not shown) are provided on the surface of opening 87.
  • Wiper support 83 has an elongated. generally cylindrical groove 94 along the upper edge thereof opposite fuser roll 41.
  • a generally cylindrical wiper member 95 is disposed within slot 94, the length of wiper 95 being at least equal to the working surface of roll 41. It will be appreciated that the relative internal dimension of groove 94 and the diameter of wiper 95 are chosen so as to retain or trap wiper 95 rotatahly therewithin.
  • Wiper 95 is preferably comprised of a relative soft rubber-like material such as Viton and is preferably in the form of a O-ring.
  • the diameter of groove 94 is slightly larger than the diameter of wiper 95 to permit wiper 95 to turn freely therewithin.
  • springs 85 serve to hold both wiper 95 and applicator 73 against the surface of fuser roll 41 at a preset pressure.
  • pressure and fuser rolls 40, 41 rotate in the direction indicated by the solid line arrow in FIG. 1. the sheet 31 to be fused passing through the nip formed by the rolls 40., 41 where the toner delineated image is fused. Following fusing. the finished copy is deposited in output tray 39.
  • applicator 73 which is impregnated with the liquid release material, wipes against the surface of roll 41 to spread or coat roll 41 with the liquid release material.
  • the coated surface of roll 41 is thereafter smoothed by wiper 95, excess release material being removed therefrom and deposited in sump 71.
  • a reproduction machine adapted to produce copies of original documents having a fuser for fixing the image developed on the copy material, the fuser comprising a cooperating pressure roll and heated fusing roll forming a fusing nip through which copies being fused pass.
  • a supply of liquid release material adapted for application to the surface of the fusing roll to prevent the fused copy material from adhering to the fusing roll;
  • applicator means in operative communication with said liquid supply to apply said release material on said fusing roll surface
  • wiper means for wiping the surface of said fusing roll to remove excess release material and provide a uniform coating of said release material before contact with said copy material:
  • bias means for biasing said applicator means and said wiper means into pressure engagement with said fuser roll
  • bias control means for simultaneously varying pressure between said fuser roll and both said applicator and wiper means whereby adjustment of applicator means pressure to change the quantity of release material applied to said fuser roll automati cally changes wiper means pressure to effect a corresponding change in the wiping effectiveness of said wiper means.
  • the reproduction machine according to claim 1 including a support member for both said applicator means and said wiper means. said bias means engaging said support member to bias both said applicator and wiper means against said fuser roll.
  • applicator means to apply a liquid release material to the fuser heated roll to prevent copies from adhering thereto.
  • wiper means engageable with the periphery of said fuser heated roll to remove excess release material therefrom before contact with the copy material being fused;
  • bias means to bias both said applicator means and said wiper means into contact with said fuser heated roller.
  • said wiper means comprises a relatively soft rubber-like element. said wiper element being substantially round in cross-section.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fixing For Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
US417462A 1973-11-19 1973-11-19 Oil applicator for reproduction machine fuser Expired - Lifetime US3883291A (en)

Priority Applications (11)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US417462A US3883291A (en) 1973-11-19 1973-11-19 Oil applicator for reproduction machine fuser
CA210,536A CA1017790A (en) 1973-11-19 1974-10-01 Oil applicator for reproduction machine fuser
NL7414263A NL7414263A (nl) 1973-11-19 1974-10-31 Olieaanbrenger voor een samensmelter van een reproductieinrichting.
DE19742452471 DE2452471A1 (de) 1973-11-19 1974-11-05 Schmelzvorrichtung fuer ein kopiergeraet
BR9394/74A BR7409394A (pt) 1973-11-19 1974-11-08 Maquina de reproducao aperfeicoada
BE150380A BE822048A (fr) 1973-11-19 1974-11-12 Machine de reproduction de documents comportant un applicateur de materiau de separation des feuilles de copie d'avec le rouleau de fusion
JP49130392A JPS5081554A (fr) 1973-11-19 1974-11-12
GB48856/74A GB1480810A (en) 1973-11-19 1974-11-12 Oil applicator for reproduction machine fuser
IT29491/74A IT1025743B (it) 1973-11-19 1974-11-15 Macchina per riproduzione di copie di cocumenti con dispositivo di fussione per il fissaggio dell immagi ne sviluppata
FR7438048A FR2251849B1 (fr) 1973-11-19 1974-11-19
ES432090A ES432090A1 (es) 1973-11-19 1974-11-19 Maquina reproductora.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US417462A US3883291A (en) 1973-11-19 1973-11-19 Oil applicator for reproduction machine fuser

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3883291A true US3883291A (en) 1975-05-13

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US417462A Expired - Lifetime US3883291A (en) 1973-11-19 1973-11-19 Oil applicator for reproduction machine fuser

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US3883291A (fr)
JP (1) JPS5081554A (fr)
BE (1) BE822048A (fr)
BR (1) BR7409394A (fr)
CA (1) CA1017790A (fr)
DE (1) DE2452471A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES432090A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2251849B1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1480810A (fr)
IT (1) IT1025743B (fr)
NL (1) NL7414263A (fr)

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3935836A (en) * 1975-01-13 1976-02-03 Xerox Corporation Metering blade for a fuser roll
US3948214A (en) * 1975-02-04 1976-04-06 Xerox Corporation Instant start fusing apparatus
US3989005A (en) * 1975-10-29 1976-11-02 Xerox Corporation Oil metering blade device
US3996887A (en) * 1975-10-29 1976-12-14 Xerox Corporation Oil metering blade holding device
US3996886A (en) * 1975-10-29 1976-12-14 Xerox Corporation Oil metering blade holder assembly
US4004549A (en) * 1975-11-10 1977-01-25 Xerox Corporation Roll fuser
US4011831A (en) * 1975-10-29 1977-03-15 Xerox Corporation Oil metering blade loading assembly
US4026238A (en) * 1974-06-24 1977-05-31 Xerox Corporation Apparatus for applying release material to a contact fuser roll member utilized in fixing toner images to support sheets
US4077358A (en) * 1976-05-17 1978-03-07 Rank Xerox Ltd. Deactivating device for a magnetic brush developer used in a multicolor electrophotographic copying machine
US4079228A (en) * 1976-11-01 1978-03-14 Xerox Corporation Pressurized solvent fusing
US4101267A (en) * 1975-10-14 1978-07-18 Xerox Corporation Roll fuser cleaning system
US4149485A (en) * 1973-05-09 1979-04-17 Kabushiki Kaisha Ricoh Apparatus for forming a uniform liquid film on a roller
US4231653A (en) * 1977-11-30 1980-11-04 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Oil supply apparatus
US4378752A (en) * 1977-04-20 1983-04-05 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Fixing apparatus
US4501483A (en) * 1983-09-02 1985-02-26 Eastman Kodak Company Fuser apparatus
US5146271A (en) * 1991-05-28 1992-09-08 Eastman Kodak Company Fusing station having release-oil level detector
US5425809A (en) * 1993-06-17 1995-06-20 Howard W. DeMoore Anilox coater with brush
US5647907A (en) * 1993-10-20 1997-07-15 Stork Screens B.V. Squeegee assembly in particular intended for coating substantially cylindrical objects with a liquid or pasty material
EP1074895A1 (fr) * 1999-07-30 2001-02-07 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Appareil de fixage comprenant le chauffage d'un agent de démoulage
US20110076069A1 (en) * 2009-09-28 2011-03-31 Yagawara Makoto Fixing device, image forming apparatus, and fixing method

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4727394A (en) * 1986-04-28 1988-02-23 Xerox Corporation Roll fusing for liquid images

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2363817A (en) * 1942-09-14 1944-11-28 Goss Printing Press Co Ltd Printing process and mechanism
US2528657A (en) * 1948-03-12 1950-11-07 Sr Edward T Hobe Paint applicator
US2977247A (en) * 1958-04-08 1961-03-28 Packaging Corp America Adhesive applicator means particularly adapted for corrugating machines
US3179536A (en) * 1961-05-19 1965-04-20 Kimberly Clark Co Method and apparatus for coating paper
US3452181A (en) * 1967-12-27 1969-06-24 Eastman Kodak Co Roll fusing device for xerographic material

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2363817A (en) * 1942-09-14 1944-11-28 Goss Printing Press Co Ltd Printing process and mechanism
US2528657A (en) * 1948-03-12 1950-11-07 Sr Edward T Hobe Paint applicator
US2977247A (en) * 1958-04-08 1961-03-28 Packaging Corp America Adhesive applicator means particularly adapted for corrugating machines
US3179536A (en) * 1961-05-19 1965-04-20 Kimberly Clark Co Method and apparatus for coating paper
US3452181A (en) * 1967-12-27 1969-06-24 Eastman Kodak Co Roll fusing device for xerographic material

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4149485A (en) * 1973-05-09 1979-04-17 Kabushiki Kaisha Ricoh Apparatus for forming a uniform liquid film on a roller
US4026238A (en) * 1974-06-24 1977-05-31 Xerox Corporation Apparatus for applying release material to a contact fuser roll member utilized in fixing toner images to support sheets
US3935836A (en) * 1975-01-13 1976-02-03 Xerox Corporation Metering blade for a fuser roll
US3948214A (en) * 1975-02-04 1976-04-06 Xerox Corporation Instant start fusing apparatus
US4101267A (en) * 1975-10-14 1978-07-18 Xerox Corporation Roll fuser cleaning system
US3989005A (en) * 1975-10-29 1976-11-02 Xerox Corporation Oil metering blade device
US3996887A (en) * 1975-10-29 1976-12-14 Xerox Corporation Oil metering blade holding device
US3996886A (en) * 1975-10-29 1976-12-14 Xerox Corporation Oil metering blade holder assembly
US4011831A (en) * 1975-10-29 1977-03-15 Xerox Corporation Oil metering blade loading assembly
US4004549A (en) * 1975-11-10 1977-01-25 Xerox Corporation Roll fuser
US4077358A (en) * 1976-05-17 1978-03-07 Rank Xerox Ltd. Deactivating device for a magnetic brush developer used in a multicolor electrophotographic copying machine
US4079228A (en) * 1976-11-01 1978-03-14 Xerox Corporation Pressurized solvent fusing
US4378752A (en) * 1977-04-20 1983-04-05 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Fixing apparatus
US4231653A (en) * 1977-11-30 1980-11-04 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Oil supply apparatus
US4501483A (en) * 1983-09-02 1985-02-26 Eastman Kodak Company Fuser apparatus
US5146271A (en) * 1991-05-28 1992-09-08 Eastman Kodak Company Fusing station having release-oil level detector
US5425809A (en) * 1993-06-17 1995-06-20 Howard W. DeMoore Anilox coater with brush
US5647907A (en) * 1993-10-20 1997-07-15 Stork Screens B.V. Squeegee assembly in particular intended for coating substantially cylindrical objects with a liquid or pasty material
US5709751A (en) * 1993-10-20 1998-01-20 Stork Screens, B.V. Squeegee apparatus for coating substantially cylindrical objects
EP1074895A1 (fr) * 1999-07-30 2001-02-07 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Appareil de fixage comprenant le chauffage d'un agent de démoulage
US6272307B1 (en) 1999-07-30 2001-08-07 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Releasing agent coating device including releasing agent heater
US20110076069A1 (en) * 2009-09-28 2011-03-31 Yagawara Makoto Fixing device, image forming apparatus, and fixing method
US8406667B2 (en) * 2009-09-28 2013-03-26 Ricoh Company, Limited Fixing device, image forming apparatus, and fixing method using an oiling unit and removing member

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE822048A (fr) 1975-03-03
GB1480810A (en) 1977-07-27
IT1025743B (it) 1978-08-30
CA1017790A (en) 1977-09-20
BR7409394A (pt) 1976-05-18
DE2452471A1 (de) 1975-05-22
NL7414263A (nl) 1975-01-31
FR2251849B1 (fr) 1977-07-08
ES432090A1 (es) 1976-11-01
JPS5081554A (fr) 1975-07-02
FR2251849A1 (fr) 1975-06-13

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